Follow the voice of the storm
Elevate your thinking
Guide
Seeing hope when weak, seeing deficiencies when strong, winning is not arrogant, defeat is not discouraged, I think, this is the thinking of the real strong, is the real confidence.
Video Link:
Watermelon Video:
https://www.ixigua.com/7052217723199160844
This video was released on January 14, 2022 and has reached 86,000 views
Wonderful reproduction:
This article is the author's keynote speech at the 6th China Manufacturing Day event hosted by the Communist Youth League, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and other institutions on December 26, 2021.
Hello everyone, it's a pleasure to see you all again. I've attended every Made in China Day so far, except for the first one. Why wasn't there a first one? Because the first edition was just a Weibo event, there was no live broadcast. Since the second live broadcast, I have been called by the group every time. And I have long left these few days on the agenda for Made in China Day, to the small partners of the tuantuan.
Keynote Speech of the 6th China Manufacturing Day "China's Science and Technology Leading, Running and Running"
The most amazing thing was to come for the first time, on December 25, 2017, on Christmas night, I hurried from Hefei to the headquarters of tuantuan and asked them: What do you need me to do tomorrow? Their answer was: Be the host (The 4th Made in China Day: The Hope of the Whole Village of the Global Village| Yuan Lanfeng)."
I'm fine, and to my surprise, you guys were so calm that you didn't tell me until the night before the live broadcast? Is this the legendary "hold on"?
Professor Jin Canrong flashed at the second China Manufacturing Day event, and the first from the right was the female host Wang Muqing
Of course it's a joke. What I want to say is that no matter how the world changes, my heart will always be with the group and with the young friends.
Well, back to the point, today's theme is "China's science and technology to lead, run and run". I think everyone is very interested in which aspects of Chinese science and technology are leading, which aspects are running together, and which aspects are running with each other.
To talk about this, you first need to think about a basic truth: as long as you have enough qualifiers, then you can always reach the lead. For example, if you are backward in the first-level discipline of physics, then you can look at the second-level discipline of high-energy physics. If you are still lagging behind in high-energy physics, then you can look at some area of high-energy physics, such as neutrino physics. If you are still lagging behind in neutrino physics, then you can look at a certain part of neutrino physics, such as the measurement of the third hybrid angle θ13 of neutrino oscillations. To this segment, we are finally ahead of the curve.
What is this test? Let me explain. Neutrinos are elementary particles, and it is known to fall into three categories: electron neutrinos, muse neutrinos, and τ neutrinos. The wonderful thing is that one neutrino spontaneously becomes the other two during the propagation process, just as a person walking and suddenly becomes a three brothers, and then changes back, periodically back and forth, which is called neutrino oscillation.
Neutrino Oscillation (http://dayawane.ihep.ac.cn/chinese/gcgk/syjj/index.shtml)
Describing their mutual transformation requires three parameters, namely the three mixing angles θ12, θ23, and θ13. The smallest and most difficult to measure is θ13. The first two were measured by foreign countries, and China's Daya Bay neutrino experiment grabbed θ13 in 2012 and found that sin22θ13 was about equal to 0.092. It's not zero, which means there's a new neutrino oscillation pattern, so that's a huge achievement.
Daya Bay neutrino experiment
Daya Bay Neutrino Experimental Results Released for the First Time (http://www.ihep.cas.cn/zt/zt_DYB_N/201203/W020120308382526940701.pdf)
Although this achievement did not win the Nobel Prize, it is already world-class, and has won many awards, because θ13 is indeed a basic constant of nature. And the common situation in news reports is to achieve a far less meaningful lead by adding a lot of qualifiers, such as the first time to achieve something under conditions A, B, C, D. What if A, B, C, D is not enough? Then add an E!
We have seen a lot of Chinese scientific and technological achievements in the media, but most of them belong to this category. So there's a common truth to keep in mind: the more qualifiers, the less important they are. After all, no one can exhaust everything, and you can always find something that no one else has done and then declare yourself to lead. But if it is to lead in a large field, without adding a bunch of qualifiers, then the meaning is obviously more. For example, when we can simply declare that China is leading the way in the first-level discipline of physics, it will be really powerful.
Knowing these basic truths, I can tell you a truly amazing thing: there is a big field, China as a whole is in a leading position, and this field is quantum information.
What is quantum information? I've done a lot of popular science, but the best introduction to it today comes from the U.S. government.
Not long ago, on November 24, the U.S. Department of Commerce released an "entity list" that imposed a trade embargo on 27 institutions and individuals around the world, including 12 in China. The commerce department's main reason is that their quantum technology threatens U.S. national security. You see, the U.S. Department of Commerce's news headlines have the word quantum.
News from the U.S. Department of Commerce's Entity List on November 24, 2021
Specifically, the rationale is "to prevent emerging U.S. technologies from being used in China's quantum computing efforts to support military applications, such as anti-stealth and anti-submarine applications, as well as the ability to crack passwords or develop unbreakable ones."
Reasons for the U.S. Department of Commerce's inclusion of eight Chinese technology entities on the Entity List on November 24, 2021
Why would the development of unbreakable passwords threaten U.S. national security? My secret threatens your safety without letting you see it? What is the rationale for this? I'm afraid I'm going to have to ask Snowden and Assange.
Snowden broke the News of the Five Eyes
Let me explain the techniques mentioned here. Quantum information includes three blocks: quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement. Unbreakable cryptography belongs to quantum communication, cracking cryptography belongs to quantum computing, and anti-stealth and anti-submarine belong to quantum precision measurement. The U.S. government's concerns show that China has achieved a lot of results in these three directions.
The three branches of quantum information
The most amazing thing about this entity list is that one company actually made the list twice ("A company was blocked twice by the US government, and this medal is a double |). Yuan Lanfeng") It is Hefei-based Keda Shield Quantum Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Guodun Quantum", which is QuantumCTek here), and its wholly-owned subsidiary in Shanghai, Shanghai QuantumCTek. The parent company and the subsidiary should be banned twice, which is really reminiscent of the sentence: I like to see you look at me and I am not happy and can't kill me.
U.S. Department of Commerce's "Entity List" of Chinese Institutions Released on November 24, 2021
Where does the technology of Guodun Quantum come from? It comes from my research institute, the Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale (hereinafter referred to as the "Microscale"). You see, it's the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale. Yes, microscale is also honorably on the list this time. Therefore, our unit is now standing with Huawei, SMIC, Tianjin University, Aerospace Power Technology Research Institute and many other units, becoming a victim of US sanctions. I am here today as a representative of a victim of the United States government! I believe that history is on our side!
Selected Chinese Agencies on the U.S. Department of Commerce Entity List (Complete List of 611 Chinese Companies Blocked by the U.S.)
This entity list also has an unexpected effect. There have been many folk sciences that have said that quantum is pseudo-technology, and I have written many articles to refute their fallacies. But now, the U.S. government has testified to us that quantum is true technology. This endorsement is really hard to buy. This shows that microscale has indeed developed many important technologies, and indeed has made great contributions to the country, welcome to give us a little applause!
If you want to understand the principles of quantum information, welcome to read my recently published popular science book "Quantum Information Shorthand" ("Quantum Information Shorthand: A New Scientific and Technological Revolution Reading for Everyone| Journal of the Chinese Physical Society).
"Quantum Information Shorthand"
In simple terms, China is undoubtedly the world leader in quantum communication, 3 to 5 years ahead of Europe and 5 to 8 years ahead of the United States. In terms of quantum computing, China and the United States form the first square. So overall, quantum information is one of the very few large scientific and technological fields in China that is in a leading position.
In this afternoon's forum, I will make another report to introduce quantum information in detail. You can think again, what other areas is China leading?
Perhaps another relatively large area is the 5G technology of communications. Indeed, from a variety of indicators, China's 5G is leading.
5G technology
There may also be a lot of people who will nominate controlled nuclear fusion. Recently asked the academician of nuclear fusion, his answer was: the whole and run, 30% lead. I asked him what was the 30% he led? The answer is: superconductivity, power supply, control. I think it's a very technical answer, and there's a report on the artificial sun this afternoon, and then you'll have a deeper understanding.
Renderings of cfethr complex of Fusion Engineering Experimental Reactor in China
This year I also introduced a leading field in China, not only leading, but pioneering. This field is called "ultra-high-energy gamma astronomy." In May, the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced that the high-altitude cosmic ray observatory "Lasso" (LHAASO) in Haizi Mountain, Daocheng, Sichuan Province, ushered in the era of ultra-high-energy gamma astronomy.
Lasso press conference
Why? Because The Cable is currently the world's strongest cosmic ray detector, its performance in the ultra-high energy segment not only exceeds all previous detectors, but also surpasses all detectors in other countries ("The American cosmic ray detector is still envisioned, it is already twenty years behind China!|). Technology Yuan Ren"). As a result, international experts predict that lasso will dominate gamma-ray astronomy for at least the next decade.
Lasso opens a new window on ultra-high energy gamma astronomy
FAST Night View (http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2016-11-07/doc-ifxxmyuk6173099.shtml)
Schematic diagram of the Jiangmen Neutrino Experimental Detector, the main body of the detector is a plexiglass ball with a diameter of 30 meters. Image source: Institute of High Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Schematic diagram of the Tai Chi Plan
Schematic diagram of the Lyra Project
In short, the areas that China is leading the way can indeed be counted. However, the major areas are still very few, and most of them belong to the subdivision. For example, no one would say that China's spaceflight is leading the way, but chang'e-4 landed on the far side of the moon in 2019 is indeed the first time that all mankind has done it. If there are many large leading fields like quantum information, we can say that China has become the engine of scientific and technological development in the world.
On January 3, 2019, Chang'e-4 landed on the far side of the moon
Let's ask, which areas of China are running together?
In fact, this question is almost impossible to answer, because there are too many fields to run together. Let's look at some statistics.
I have cited the Nature Index many times, a simple and objective measure of the output of basic research in various countries or research institutions. In 2020, China's natural index ranked second, behind the United States, which is 1.45 times that of China. In third place is Germany, and China is just 3.00 times the size of Germany.
Top 10 countries in the Nature Index 2020
Let's look at the statistics of different disciplines. There are four disciplines of nature index statistics: chemistry, earth and environmental sciences, life sciences and physical sciences. Note that there is no mathematics, that is, the natural index is statistically in the narrow sense of the natural sciences, that is, the empirical sciences.
In terms of chemistry, who do you guess the highest? It's Actually China, not the United States. The United States ranks second, with China 1.46 times the size of the United States. This is the only discipline in the United States that is not the first.
Top 5 countries in the 2020 Chemical Nature Index
The other three disciplines are the first in the United States and the second in China, and the multiples of the United States relative to China are: 1.48 times in geoscience, 5.14 times in biology, and 1.27 times in physics. Yes, the first of the creatures is 5.14 times the second! It can be seen that in terms of biology, the United States is riding on the dust. In geoscience and physics, the gap is much smaller.
Top 5 countries in the Life Sciences Nature Index 2020
Looking at this statistic, we may say that China is leading the way in the first-level discipline of chemistry. But the objections are also obvious: Chinese has not yet won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry! The reason is obviously that the nature index measures increments, not stocks. We're just growing fast now, but there's too much in the past. Therefore, we can be humble and say that in terms of chemistry, China as a whole is running side by side, and at the same time leading in several sub-fields of it. For example, Chinese scientist Academician Tang Benzhong discovered a phenomenon called "aggregation induced luminescence". This has become one of the biggest hotspots in the field of nanoluminescence, with more than 6,000 papers published around the world in 2020 (Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: Almost no research topic will develop exactly as expected; if there is, this kind of research will not have any breakthroughs and will not bring any surprises).
Finally, let's ask: In which areas is China following suit?
This question is also unfinished, because there are too many areas of follow-up running. It doesn't even need statistics, just look at the areas where we're stuck in the neck.
35 card neck techniques summarized by Science and Technology Daily in 2018
One of the main conclusions of my analysis by my friends and I is that the area where China is most stuck, the most difficult to catch up, and the most widely affected area is the chip. More specifically, chip manufacturing. Specifically, it is the equipment required for chip manufacturing, such as lithography machines.
I'm far from being a chip expert, but I did some research last year and gave a speech at the video-watching year-end show on November 29, 2020, "What is the Right Way for Chinese Chips?" ("What is the right way for Chinese chips?") ——Yuan Lanfeng watched the video answer on November 29, 2020") dissected many common mistakes, explained the principle of chip manufacturing, and pointed out that there is no shortcut to chips, only to lay a good foundation for precision machinery, precision chemicals, precision optics and so on.
2020 Video Year-end Show Speech "Where is the Right Way for Chinese Chips?" 》
Many experts expressed their appreciation after seeing the video and praised me for explaining the chip clearly, such as Academician Sun Ninghui, director of the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Chips are the crown of the crown
I am very grateful for their praise, but unfortunately, there are still many people who make the mistakes that I have dissected. Many people like to see the publicity of the marketing number, and they often say that China's chips have broken through, the world is shocked, and everyone is boiling! In fact, one look at this tone of voice should know that it is nonsense.
I say this not to discourage everyone, but to emphasize: we should focus our attention on constructive things, such as strengthening mathematical, physical and chemical education, increasing the income of chip industry players, improving the scientific and technological system, organizing scientific and technological research, vigorously cultivating talents, and introducing talents. Only by doing these practical things in a down-to-earth manner can the mainland solve the chip problem and any card neck problem as soon as possible.
When I first started my science popularization work, I often talked about China's achievements, but now I often talk about China's shortcomings. Why? Because we were very backward in the past, we needed to look at the results and drum up hope. And now everyone knows that China is very strong, so we should look at the deficiencies and find a way forward. Seeing hope when weak, seeing deficiencies when strong, winning is not arrogant, defeat is not discouraged, I think, this is the thinking of the real strong, is the real confidence.
Thank you!