"I've dug up the treasure!" The library I went to when I was a child has changed greatly, and many picture books have been added to the second floor, and there are also Oxford tree grading books that I originally wanted to start. Immediately, I got a loan card for my daughter, and I can borrow 15 copies at a time. Under this comment from the Children's Branch of Yangpu District Library, there were several "thanks for the recommendation" message. The library, which is hidden in a residential area, is called "the treasure walking place at the doorstep" by the surrounding residents, and its main audience is children's readers. Winter vacation is coming, and there are not a few readers who are ready to borrow 15 books at a time.
At the end of October 2020, the Shanghai Central Library began its sixth speed-up trial operation, and the borrowing quota of public libraries at the two levels in the urban area increased from 10 books per person to 15 books per person. Since January this year, this new circulation policy has covered a total of 377 public libraries in the city, including 2 municipal member libraries, 18 district-level member libraries, and 215 street (township) member libraries.
Ge Jing, director of the Shanghai Library Coordination and Counseling Office and member of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, regards "10 liters and 15" as a micro-update of the city's public cultural service system. Behind this, in addition to the cooperation of software and hardware, what is more important is the change of concept - the construction of the public service system has shifted from scale development to high-quality development, and the library service system has also shifted from focusing on the collection of books and periodicals to focusing on the needs of readers.
See the certificate fragrant city growing
"At first, it was 1 or 2 books, and then it was increased to 6 books, 10 books, and up to 15 books." Chen Huimin, 66, was a night dispatcher at a bus company before retiring. Because his family lived close to the Middle Huaihai Road building of the Shanghai Library, Lao Chen was a "regular customer" and went to go two or three times a week after retirement. He was deeply impressed by the change in the amount of books borrowed, "We elderly people like to read magazines, and it is definitely a good thing to be able to borrow more books." ”
Citizens can apply for borrowing at the self-service machine of Shanghai Library
On December 20, 1996, as one of the top ten landmark cultural buildings in Shanghai and one of the major practical projects in Shanghai in 1996, the new library of Shanghai Library was opened at No. 1555 Middle Huaihai Road. At that time, the library's collection of books that could be borrowed was 300,000 copies. With the opening of the museum, the single quota of only 1 copy can be borrowed for many years, which has been increased to 2 books. 1 liter 2, a small step in library services. Since then, the borrowing quota has been "accelerated" every other year, rising to 2 books and 2 periodicals at the end of 1997 and 4 books at the end of 1998.
Shanghai Library Middle Huaihai Road Library
In 2000, with reference to the model of international metropolises, Shanghai took the lead in initiating the "one card" service system of the central library in the country, and completed the full coverage of the "one card" of the municipal and district libraries in 2003, and the full coverage of the "one card" at the city, district and town levels in 2010. That is to say, the public no longer needs to apply for multiple borrowing cards from different libraries, and the "one card" can freely travel through the city's libraries. At the same time, the maximum number of books borrowed per time is also steadily increasing - in May 2007, readers can use the "one card" to borrow and return 5 books, which increased to 6 in May 2011. At the same time, the Shanghai Library's collection of books has been greatly expanded to 12 million volumes.
At the beginning of 2014, there were two eye-catching increases for Shanghai public library services, the first is that the maximum number of books borrowed in a single time has increased from 6 to 10, and the second is the opening of the borrowing function of electronic student cards, which means that primary and secondary school students in Shanghai no longer need to apply for a separate reader card, and initially realize the "multi-card change into one card".
According to the reading report of Shanghai Public Library that year, the number of borrowed books increased by 30% year-on-year to 58.51 million. In 2010, this figure was 22.53 million copies. Zhou Deming, then deputy director of Shanghai Library, analyzed that the significant improvement of reading data is closely related to the construction of "book society" and the improvement of citizens' reading enthusiasm on the one hand, and on the other hand, it also benefits from the same city effect of the construction of the "one city, one network, one card and one system" service system of the city's public libraries, especially the direct effect brought about by the participation of student readers. The 2014 reading report also showed that a total of 733,000 readers borrowed books and periodicals in Shanghai Library and Shanghai Central Library that year, with an annual per capita loan volume of 30.7 volumes, and more than half of the readers borrowed more than 14 books a year. The volume of books in the collection pictured above doubled to 23.361 million volumes.
Synchronized with the leap in the amount of collections, the process of increasing the upper limit of borrowing quotas has witnessed the growth of a city of books.
"10 liters 15" speed test
Tan Cheng'en, a 12-year-old in the fifth grade of primary school, grew up in the library. When he was not yet in kindergarten, his mother Hu Suhua often took him to the library of Dachang Town in Baoshan District to read and borrow books. Over the years, the mother and son and the librarian became acquainted, and when they saw small talks, the librarians sometimes joked: "Books will be read by you." In August 2020, on a weekend afternoon when mother and son routinely came to borrow books, the librarian specially greeted, "Now you can borrow up to 15 books at a time." ”
Dachang Town Library in Baoshan District is one of the first five pilot libraries of the Shanghai Central Library "10 liters 15 - Study Room Enrichment Plan". Among the city's public libraries, the five pilot libraries were selected for each reason: the Shanghai Library undertakes the tasks of technology research and development testing, system parameter maintenance, and service pilot; the Jiading District Library, known as the "most beautiful library", is a medium-sized library in terms of volume, and the Jiading Town Street Library is its directly subordinate street and town branch library; the children's service of the Baoshan District Library has highlights, and the Dachang Town Library is the "vanguard" in the street and town libraries.
Ge Jing has been keeping the "10 liters 15" debugging report submitted by dachang Town Library: self-service borrowing and returning equipment test - self-service borrowing and returning function induction up to 15 books, but not sensitive, mainly due to insufficient machine induction space; access control test - access control can detect whether 15 books contain unfinished books, but if the unfinished books are sandwiched in other books, there may be undetectable situations; children, adult books and periodicals mixed borrowing test - on self-service borrowing machines, manual borrowing machines, The Adult Reader Card can successfully borrow all or some children's books.
Baoshan Dachang Town Library test print slip
For library services, some details are easy to overlook, but once there is a leak, it has a considerable impact on the reader experience. For example, the printing slip of the self-service borrowing and returning machine, because the set length is not enough, after "10 liters and 15", it may not be possible to display the directory completely. Another example is the induction range of the machine, which is adjusted too low, and there are few books that can be sensed at one time, affecting the borrowing and return speed; if it is adjusted too high, the books in the hands of the next reader who wait in line may also be sensed.
In October 2020, the "10 liters and 15" was expanded to 23 public libraries at the municipal and district levels. "Post-90s" Ji Li and his 4-year-old son Ji Yu experienced the change of "10 liters and 15" in the Jing'an District Library.
"I grew up in this neighborhood and went to the library to read books when I was a kid. At that time, buying books for children entered a bottleneck period, so I thought of a library not far from home. Borrowing 10 copies at a time at the beginning, going twice a week, and raising it to 15 books is of course good news. In Ji Li's view, borrowing books in the library is not only the improvement of reading volume and the cultivation of reading habits, but also a kind of subtle education, "such as loving books, cherishing knowledge, and teaching children to share, all of which are accumulated bit by bit in the process of going to and from the library and parent-child reading." ”
The data behind the "mode"
Dr. Yang Bo, a returnee from New Shanghai, returned to China in 2016 to settle down and work in Shanghai, and a year later, his daughter Yang Yi was born. The habit of the whole family going to the library began in the second half of 2020. "I have bought a lot of picture books for my children, and almost all the famous ones recommended on the Internet have bought them. When I went to the library, I saw far more than before. Today, the young Yang Yi is a "senior" reader of the Pudong Library, borrowing as many as five hundred copies.
Yang Bo said that her daughter likes to read, and also likes the atmosphere of the library, "when she sees her older brothers and sisters reading seriously, she will imitate." In the process of accompanying his daughter to the library, he will also browse the economic and technological books that interest him. In Yang Bo's observation, for adult readers, the library is more like a self-learning space, "The learning atmosphere of Pudong Library is very strong and infectious. Buying books online is more purposeful, roaming in the library, and it is easier to find books that you have not noticed in the past. ”
Pudong Library
"From the data point of view, each increase in the number of books in circulation has brought about the further release of reading potential, and the loan of children's books and periodicals is more obvious than that of adult books and periodicals." Picture books and children's series of books have become hot spots for borrowing. Ge Jing analyzed.
At the end of 2019, Shanghai took the lead in basically building a modern public cultural service system in the country. As an indispensable public reading service in the public cultural service system, the demand for children's borrowing has continued to rise; some grass-roots libraries have responded to the needs of readers and also put forward demands for the number of books borrowed from periodicals. When the epidemic struck in 2020, libraries made reservations to enter the library and set traffic ceilings according to seats became the norm, and readers were subject to epidemic prevention requirements such as flow restrictions, and it was urgent to release reading demand by increasing the maximum number of single loans; after the "double reduction" policy landed, public libraries became important activity venues for teenagers after school. At the beginning of this year, the full coverage of the "10 liters and 15" circulation policy can be described as changing due to demand.
Baoshan District Temple Line Town Zhongwen Space
After "10 liters and 15", can the upper limit of a single borrowing book continue to break through? This is an arithmetic problem that needs to find a balance between demand, technology and resource allocation.
In statistics, there is a concept of "mode", that is, the data that appears the most times in a set of data. From the children's loan data of the "one card" of the Shanghai Central Library: from 2014 to 2019, the average was 5.37 to 5.99, with little change, rising to 7.01 in 2020 and 7.39 in 2021. In 2015, the number of majorities changed from 6 to 10, that is, the readers who borrowed 10 books accounted for the largest number of borrowers, and the percentage of the crowd number increased from 17.8% in 2015 to 27.96% in 2020, indicating that the proportion of readers who borrowed 10 volumes was getting higher and higher. In 2021, the majority is still 10, but the percentage has dropped to 16.01%; the percentage of readers who borrowed more than 10 volumes is a total of 18.35%, of which 7.9% of the total number of children who borrowed 15 volumes.
Many front-line library staff have an impression when communicating, and there are many young readers who carry school bags and even drag boxes to borrow books. Using data verification, the demand for single borrowing numbers for young readers is indeed high. After the "10 liters and 15" of 23 urban two-level libraries, the change in the number of majorities shows that this part of the demand has been released to a certain extent.
"How to optimize the structure of library collections, encourage the increase of children's collections, improve the lending mechanism of periodicals, and adapt circulation policies to special groups will be the focus of the future 'micro-renewal' of library public services." Ge Jing said that in order to make public cultural resources better serve public readers and open up the original isolated innovative services, the future "increment" is not uniform, "such as adjusting children's circulation policies alone and promoting the application of kin codes; for elderly readers, increase the procurement of large-character books." These require data analysis behind the force in order to accurately find the 'pain point'. ”
The meaning of high-quality public cultural services
Let the library service "break the circle" and let more adult readers, especially the young generation of the internet natives, get close to the library service, and in recent years, Shanghai Library has also taken many measures to promote digital services.
In 2019, Shanghai Library took the lead in launching the "sweep" mobile phone borrowing function in the national library system. This form of contactless borrowing is especially popular during the pandemic. At present, the above-mentioned readers can achieve almost all the public functions of the library through mobile phones - it is not only a reader card that can be swiped into the library access control system, but also can borrow books, renew, retrieve, e-book reading, ask questions to librarians, and book event tickets.
After the epidemic in 2020, "Sui Shen Code" joined the self-service machine login interface of the Shanghai Library's book lending room, becoming the third identity authentication method after the traditional reader card and mobile phone reader card. In the future, after fully accessing Shanghai's "One Netcom Office" system, citizens can register for a virtual reader card and borrow books using the "application code" through a simple authorization action. In other words, regardless of whether they have applied for a reader's card or not, Shanghai citizens who use the "application code" can immediately become readers of the General Branch of the Shanghai Central Library.
"Libraries are always changing, and what remains unchanged is the social role of serving the masses. In today's knowledge and information society, libraries are to play the role of power engines, teaching the public how to make better use of knowledge and information. At the same time, the library is free and open to the public, and is an oasis of knowledge that the city will always retain for its citizens. The reporter interviewed Gloria Pérez-Salmeron, president of the International Federation of Library Associations and Associations (IFLA), the ifla female head of IFLA, stressing that "the physical space of the library is unique and will become increasingly important for future urban life." ”
The East Library of Shanghai Library will open this year
By the end of 2021, the "one-card" service system of Shanghai Central Library had borrowed 22.213 million books and periodicals throughout the year, which had recovered to about 70% of the pre-epidemic situation. This year, the Shanghai Library East Library, which currently has the largest single building area in China, and the new Shanghai Children's Library, located in the Changfeng Riverside Green space of Suzhou Creek, will be open to the public. Shanghai Library will also open the "Shanghai Enjoy Lending" online platform, adjust the reference loan bibliography with a large amount of copies to ordinary lending, reduce the borrowing threshold for research books, and the first batch of 100,000 books can be "moved with fingers, borrowed books to home".
Renderings of the new Shanghai Children's Library
"If there is a heaven, heaven should look like a library." This is Borges's famous quote. The concept of equality, openness and sharing carried by the library makes it a particularly valuable public space in the city. "Library service testing should be like the game development public beta, starting from the user experience, so that the capillaries can be smooth and smooth." Ge Jing said.
A message from a reader to the Shanghai Library
In December last year, the Propaganda Department of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism, the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, and the Municipal Finance Bureau jointly issued the "Opinions of Shanghai Municipality on Promoting the High-quality Development of Public Cultural Services", proposing to closely focus on the concept of "people's cities built by the people, people's cities for the people", plan the high-quality development of public cultural services in the "14th Five-Year Plan", and build a modern public cultural service system that matches the socialist modern international metropolis with world influence.
Further optimizing, integrating and revitalizing public cultural resources and enhancing citizens' sense of participation, sense of gain and happiness is the meaning of "high quality".