Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (6 June 1799 – 10 February 1837) was a Russian poet, playwright, novelist, literary critic and theoretician, historian and political commentator. An outstanding representative of Russian Romanticism, the founder of Russian realist literature, one of the most prestigious figures in the field of literature in the early nineteenth century, he is revered as "the sun of Russian poetry", "the father of Russian literature", and the founder of modern standard Russian. Pushkin's poetic novel Yevgeny Onegin presents a panoramic picture of Russian society at that time, which can be called "an encyclopedia of Russian life".
Pushkin
Pushkin's excellent works have achieved a high degree of unity of content and form, and his lyric poems are rich in content, deep in emotion, flexible in form, exquisite in structure, and beautiful in rhyme. His prose and novels are concentrated, well-structured, and vividly concise. Pushkin's work had an important influence on the development of Russian realist literature and world literature, which Gorky called "the beginning of everything".
First, birth
Pushkin at a young age
Pushkin was born on June 6, 1799 in Moscow, to a family of aristocratic landlords. In 1807, Pushkin began to imitate the writing of poems and plays. In June 1811, the young Pushkin went to Petersburg with his uncle and was admitted to the Imperial Village School on the outskirts of Petersburg, which was opened for the children of the nobility, and began to publish poems in hand-copied journals circulating among his classmates. After graduating in 1817, Pushkin began to work as secretary of the Diplomatic Association in Petersburg. He began writing the long poem "Evgeny Onegin" in 1823, which he did not complete until 1830. In October 1836, he completed the novel "The Captain's Daughter".
Second, chaotic personal life
Pushkin is undoubtedly the pride of Russians in recent centuries, and people know only his great achievements in literary creation, but know very little about his private life. It wasn't until 1986, when the United States published a diary written in the last two years of Pushkin's life, that people discovered that, like every man in the old and new centuries, Pushkin was struggling in the labyrinth of marriage, lust, and career! The diary consisted of 121 articles, written from the age of 37 to the age of 38.
Immediately after the publication of this book, it caused a huge controversy in Russia! Those who agree with it say that this little book is the truest microcosm of Pushkin's brilliant poems, which exposes the advanced multiple personalities of the great poets, the modern sense of love and the violent collision of civilization, and such Pushkin appears more lovely and greater in people's hearts. But opponents say the devastating book tarnishes the statue of Pushkin, consciously or unconsciously shaped by mainstream Russian culture since the 19th century.
The diary begins with his new marriage to his wife, Natalia. In 1831 Pushkin married Natalia Goncharova, known as the "Swan of St. Petersburg". Pushkin was a young man of great manners and talent, so he fell in love at first sight with Natalia. Before that, Pushkin usually had to mess with four or five women every day, and had long been accustomed to all kinds of girls, familiar with all the differences between one woman and another. Such a variety of situations did not fade his passion, but constituted the essence of his life. It was with this mentality that he met Natalia, the great beauty of Petersburg who later became his wife. After the marriage, Pushkin and Natalia moved to Petersburg, and Natalia became a famous beauty in the social circles of Petersburg at that time, and Pushkin and his wife also became regular guests in court activities.
Natalia
But just two months later, Pushkin's passion for marriage and his wife faded. He said something harsh about it: The smell of her various bodies no longer made me pounce on her as I had in the past. The smell of German cheese also excites me far more than hers because it reminds me of other women.
The image comes from the Internet
Pushkin ran again into the arms of the prostitutes, who, hearing of the astonishing beauty of his wives, came to invite him to patronize them, trying to drag him away from the great beauty. Pushkin said that it would not take much to get an inexperienced girl to fall in love with me, but to make a prostitute who always had an unsentimental profession fall in love with me was a challenge to a man's skill. In the game of lust that the aristocratic men and women of Petersburg were accustomed to, the poet also became an overly playful child who could not find his way home.
3. Killed in a duel with a love enemy
Pushkin snubbed his wife Natalia a little, but he didn't expect that the flowers on her side had already caused a wild bee and was out of control. She was even the mistress of the Tsar. A playboy named Dantes, who is just as greedy as Pushkin, openly chases Natalia everywhere and becomes his love enemy.
Pushkin, with a premonition of his own end, wrote: God has allowed men to have only one wife, and has increased the prohibition to ten, and I have violated the first article on adultery, and I will also violate the second article, that is, to kill and kill Dantes.
On February 7, 1837, Pushkin proposed a duel to Dantes. He went to a hardware merchant looking for a pistol. He wrote: "Love and death are generally very close, which tells me that death is as lovely as love, and I should not be afraid of death.
On the way to the duel, he still did not forget to meet a prostitute named Qi Qi, and did not forget the woman's body. In keeping with the popular habit of a 19th-century lover, he also cut a hair from her, took it with him, and sniffed it on the road.
Pushkin dueled with his lover
On the evening of 8 February, he suffered serious injuries in the abdomen during a duel with Dantes; on 10 February Pushkin died of his wounds; at about 00:00 on 16 February, Pushkin's body was sent to the Holy Mountain of Pskov (present-day Mount Pushkin); on 18 February, the body was buried in the Monastery of the Holy Mountain. Newspapers of the time carried: "The sun of Russian poetry has fallen."
Statue of Pushkin