preface:
In the 100 years since the founding of the party, a hundred years of struggle, and a hundred years of journey, in the long journey of the Great Revolution, the Long March, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the War of Liberation, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and the building of a new China, countless outstanding sons and daughters of Yunnan have gone forward to succeed each other, fearlessly sacrificed, and struggled heroically, and written down touching revolutionary deeds. Edited by well-known historians and writers Yang Zhouwei and XueLai, and published by the China Publishing Group and the China Democracy and Legal Publishing House, the book "100 Exemplary Figures in the Centenary of Yunnan from 1921 to 2021" selects 100 outstanding figures in Yunnan from Haohan's historical archives and party history monographs, introduces their glorious deeds, and the content is objective and informative, which is a precious reference material for the current study of party history and is worth reading and studying. This column will introduce the revolutionary deeds of relevant role models in stages. 「Zhang Yuanqi」
(1) Wang Fusheng: In the future, such as yesterday's birth
One of the 19 founders of the Marxist Theory Research Association of Peking University, the first Marxist research group in China, one of the earliest members of the Socialist Youth League in China, and the first member of the Yunnan Communist Party who joined the Communist Party of China in 1921:
Wang Fusheng
In May 1919, Wang Haoting, a 23-year-old student of French literature at Peking University, joined the May Fourth Patriotic Movement in Beijing. This experience has brought about a considerable change in Wang's thinking, changing his previous idea of "wanting to create a clean and innocent land in the world to support himself, but he really can't do it either"; he resolutely took the meaning of "in the past, such as yesterday's death, and in the future, such as yesterday's birth", changed his name to "resurrection", and resolved to "do work that is beneficial to society, the country, the world, and mankind".
In March 1920, under the guidance of Li Dazhao, Under the guidance of Deng Zhongxia, Luo Zhanglong, Gao Junyu, Wang Youde, Liu Jingren, He Mengxiong, Fan Hongjie, Zhu Wushan, Li Jun, Yang Renqi, Li Meitang and 18 other people gathered in Beijing Central Park to prepare for the establishment of China's first Marxist research group, the Marxist Theory Research Society of Peking University (becoming one of the 19 initiators of the association), and served as the leader of the French translation team. Specialized in translating Marxist works. In November 1920, Wang Fusheng joined the Beijing Socialist Youth League and became one of the earliest communist youth organizations in China. In July 1921, the Communist Party of China was born, and immediately transferred from a member of the Socialist Youth League to the Communist Party of China, becoming the first Communist Party member and outstanding communist fighter in Yunnan.
Wang Fusheng, born in 1896, a native of Xiangyun, Yunnan, formerly known as Wang Futing, hanwan, pseudonym Zhenhai, Zhenhai, etc. After graduating from Yunnan Provincial No. 2 Middle School in 1916, he took the Yunnan Student Examination for Beijing, studied in beijing higher normal physical education in 1917, was admitted to the liberal arts department of Peking University in the autumn of 1918, and was promoted to the French Literature Department of Peking University in 1919. When he was a student, inspired by the ideal of knowledge to save the country, he extensively dabbled in a large number of academic ideological treatises from the East and the West, gradually formed his own academic views, and had quite a refined view of the theoretical ideas of The Arts and Art of the East and the West. He once wrote in his diary: "After reading the "Selected Yuanqu" recently, I feel that the ideological concepts of our country's literature are very different from those of the other side (referring to the West), and Western ideas should be actively introduced and injected into the domestic academic circles, and the national ideological scholarship cannot be erased in one stroke, and there is a great need for speculation. He conducted a systematic study of French literature and advocated the creative techniques of realism, once wrote: "Truth is beauty is good, literary technology is high, in the hearts of everyone in the common realm, others can not say it, and I can use very ordinary words, very simple language to express it, so that others can see at a glance, do not strive to come out on their own." "When he was at Peking University, he translated the Japanese Iroha Song into French, and spent more energy translating "The Life of the World Family", which Deng Zhongxia serialized in the journal." In the environment of inclusiveness and freedom advocating freedom in China before and after the May Fourth Movement, like many progressive outstanding young people at that time, he was full of enthusiasm for learning in the face of many intricate and complicated ideological theories, and finally chose Marxism-Leninism.
Wang Fusheng in the 1920s
During his stay at Peking University, Wang Fusheng had deep contacts with Li Dazhao, Deng Zhongxia, Gao Junyu, Luo Zhanglong, etc., and formed a deep friendship. At the beginning of 1920, he met Mao Zedong, the librarian of Peking University, at Peking University, and the two of them discussed the current situation and the idea of saving the country together many times. He wrote in his diary: "The words of the visiting Mao Run: The Xiang people are inseparable from Zhang Jingyao, but they want Wu Peifu to supervise The Xiang, and the things imagined by the Xiang people may actually reduce the pain? However, for the new cultural movement, it is better to take Zhang Jingyao to rebuke Wu, cover Zhang Jingyao, and the amount is not to learn and know, which is in the new culture; but it is not good for it, it is only good, and what is its bad and good? The same pity also. Nor is there a way to replace the old culture with a new culture. Wu Peifu's ideology is stubborn, and his practice rejects the new Wenzha, and he will replace it with an old ideology and culture. The pain suffered by the Xiang people's brain power is even more painful! Agree with me. On February 18 of the same year, together with the members of the Auxiliary Society, he returned to Xiangxiang for Mao Zedong.
Group photo with Mao Zedong and others while in Beijing (third from left for Wang Fusheng)
During his time in Beijing, Wang Fusheng did not forget his hometown of Yunnan, constantly publicized the New Culture Movement, the May Fourth Movement, and Marxism to his hometown, sent progressive publications such as "New Youth" and "Guide" to his brother Wang Desan, participated in organizing and leading the Yunnan Progressive Youth Organization in Beijing, and became the revolutionary guide of Wang Desan and other early Communist Party members in Yunnan. In April 1921, he participated in the Fifth Congress of the Beijing Socialist Youth League, where he was elected as a member of the "May Day" Movement Committee together with Deng Zhongxia, Luo Zhanglong, Wang Youde and other 7 people, and participated in the planning and organization of the "May Day" workers' movement in Changxindian. After July 1921, he traveled to Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan and other places, threw himself into the early workers' movement led by the Communist Party of China, and became one of the important backbones of the northern branch of the Secretariat of the Chinese Labor Union.
In 1922, he went to Shaanxi Xianlin Middle School to teach, and organized the "Youth Inspirational Club" and "Student Sports Club" to carry out Marxist and revolutionary propaganda. In the spring of 1923, when the "Erqi Massacre" that shocked the whole country occurred, and the news reached Xianlin, Wang Fusheng launched an activity conference for teachers and students in the school to mourn the martyrs sacrificed in the "Erqi Massacre" and denounce imperialism, organized a lecture group of teachers and students to go to the countryside to carry out propaganda activities, and at the same time secretly carried out party work, laying the foundation for the establishment of party organizations in Weinan and other places in Shaanxi Province. In the summer of 1923, he returned to Peking University and later participated in the initiation of the "Yunnan Innovation Society". In August 1925, after graduating from Peking University, Wang Fusheng was again sent by the party organization to the Shaanxi Provincial Fourth Normal School (later known as the Shaanxi Provincial Suide Normal School) to carry out party work, and returned to Beijing in December of the same year. In March 1926, the "Yunnan Innovation Society" was changed to "New Dian Society", and on March 18, the "March 18" massacre occurred in Beijing, and Wang Fusheng was indignant and drafted the "Declaration of the Yunnan New Society for the Bloodshed of March 18" and wrote articles such as "The Price of Bloodshed of March 18".
Iron Flower
At the end of April 1926, in the name of the "New Dian Society", he organized progressive young people from Yunnan to go south to Guangzhou to participate in the National Revolution, accept the baptism of blood and fire in the era of the Great Revolution, and at the same time enter the Political Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. During his stay in Guangzhou, he wrote the article "Warning to Young Friends of Yunnan", which was published in the sixth issue of the progressive journal "Tiehua", and at the same time analyzed and discussed the situation in Yunnan and the joint "overthrow of the Tang Dynasty" with Chen Yannian, Zhang Bojian, Yang Qingtian, Wang Desan and others. In the spring of 1926, assigned by the party organization, Wang Fusheng and Yang Qingtian returned to Yunnan as commissioners of the Kuomintang Central Committee to organize the Yunnan organization of the Communist Party of China and the provincial party department of the Kuomintang, unite the progressive forces from all walks of life, and instigate the overthrow of Tang Jiyao's rule. Due to the follow-up of secret agents, Wang Fusheng did not connect with Yang Qingtian in Kunming, and the work of party building did not compete, and returned to Guangzhou in July. In February 1927, after the "26" coup d'état in Yunnan, he returned to Yunnan again, presided over the meeting of party members in Yunnan, and formally established the "Provisional Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang of China in Yunnan", and Wang Fusheng served as the secretary of the provincial party department of the Kuomintang as a special commissioner of the central government. He was arrested after the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup and went to Shanghai in the late autumn of the same year after his release from prison. In 1928, he was sent to the northeast by the Party Central Committee, changed his name to Wang Zhenhai, reported to Guizhou, taught at Harbin No. 3 Middle School, and secretly carried out the party's underground work as a middle school teacher. Later, because of his participation in the launch of the student movement, he was transferred to Qiqihar to serve as the chief writer of the "Minbao".
Wang Fusheng, who assumes the pseudonym Wang Zhenhai, took a group photo with his newspaper colleagues in Qiqihar (the fourth from the right in the first row is Wang Fusheng, and the fifth person from the left in the second row is the famous writer, director, and revolutionary martyr Jin Jianxiao)
After the "918 Incident" in 1931, he carried out liaison work with the Ma Zhanshan Department of the anti-Japanese armed forces, traveled to the Heihe and Sanjiangkou areas, contacted the Soviet Consulate in Heihe and the Third Communist International of the Far East, and helped the Ma Zhanshan Department solve the problems of food and weapons. After the defeat of ma Zhanshan's anti-Japanese resistance, he returned to Qiqihar and continued to secretly engage in anti-Japanese work. In 1934, he was appointed as the president and editor-in-chief of the Minbao newspaper in Longjiang Province of Puppet Manchuria (one of the fourteen provinces set up in Puppet Manchuria in 1934, the provincial capital Qiqihar), using newspapers and periodicals and other forms to carry out anti-Japanese propaganda, and organized reading clubs, colleagues' associations, life improvement associations, economic research associations and other groups, secretly carried out anti-Japanese activities, and recruited more than 20 party members. At the same time, a great deal of united front work was done for puppet Manchu officials and troops. During this period, he had close contact with Wang Binzhang, a member of the Kuomintang and director of the Department of Education of the puppet Manchu Longjiang Province, and obtained his strong support and assistance to the QIQIHAR underground organization of the CPC. Wang Fusheng made full use of his position as the head and editor-in-chief of the puppet Longjiang Provincial Organ to collect intelligence on many occasions and made important contributions to the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army.
On June 11, 1936, Hideki Tojo, commander of the Gendarmerie Ofshin Army of Japan, personally directed the plan of large-scale whistle-blowing and large-scale arrest, issued an arrest warrant, and decided to carry out a mass arrest of Communists and patriots in Harbin, Mudanjiang, and Qiqihar after 3 p.m. on June 13, with Harbin, Mudanjiang, and Qiqihar as the center, and fatally crack down on the underground organization of the Communist Party. On June 13, 1936, the Japanese and the Japanese carried out mass arrests of some members of the "Minbao" agency and related institutions and organizations in Longjiang Province, and dozens of people, including Wang Fusheng, Yan Dasheng (editor of the "Minbao"), Liu Dachuan (translator of the Minbao"), were unfortunately arrested, which was the "June 13 Incident" that shocked the northeast. Since then, hundreds of CCP members and patriots have been arrested. Wang Fusheng, alias Wang Zhenhai, and Wang Binzhang, director of the Department of Education of the puppet Manchu Longjiang Province (who was appointed as a standing member of the Heilongjiang Provincial Steering Committee of the Kuomintang in 1931), became important figures in the "June 13" incident, and were listed by the Japanese special organs as the top anti-Japanese criminals in the puppet Manchu Longjiang Province, and were interrogated. Wang Binzhang committed suicide on July 26 after his arrest while the Japanese gendarmes under supervision were not ready to grab a gun. After Wang Fusheng was imprisoned, he was steadfast in his nearly 20 cruel tortures by the Japanese Kou, and faced the Japanese Kou with the vow of "the people are not afraid of death, but they are afraid of death" and a firm communist belief. On August 15, the Puppet Manchu Military Court sentenced Wang Fusheng, Jin Jianxiao, Ma Bingjun, Yan Dasheng, and Wang Zhuhua to death, and Wang Fusheng died heroically at the age of 40.
For the cause of the party and the people, Wang Fusheng traveled to Yunnan, Beijing, Shaanxi and Heilongjiang. In the face of torture, he strictly guarded the party's secrets, showed the lofty righteousness of the communists and the iron bones of the communists who would rather be crushed than the whole, and maintained the self-sacrificing spirit of the communists who preferred to die unyieldingly and regarded death as a homecoming.
Originally published in "1921-2021: 100 Role Models in Yunnan in a Hundred Years"