The eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 changed the course of history around the world.

Two days ago, the Tonga volcano erupted, and everyone saw the news, but you know what? There was a volcanic eruption in history that changed the fate of almost all mankind, and the course of the history of Europe, the United States and China was rewritten. This is the great eruption of Mount Tambora that occurred in 1815 on the Indonesian island of Sumbawa! Let's talk about how this unprecedented natural disaster has set off terrifying waves around the world. On April 5, 1815, Jakarta, the capital city of Sumbawa, 1,200 kilometers from the Indonesian island of Sumbawa, soldiers suddenly heard a loud rumbling sound. Is it a war? Everyone stepped up their guard, but they waited for five days without waiting for the enemy to attack. At this time, I saw three streams of fire rising from the distant island, and the smoke column flew directly to a height of 40,000 meters, and at this time, Sumbawa Island had become a purgatory on earth. Mount Tambora, which had been dormant for 5,000 years, suddenly erupted, spewing hot magma from the crater, burning the entire island's vegetation to ashes at a speed of 160 kilometers per hour. 130 billion tons of volcanic ash and rubble were sprayed into the sky, the sky within a radius of 500 kilometers was obscured and could not see five fingers, the earthquake caused by the volcanic eruption also caused the seabed crust to sink, the tsunami directly engulfed the town next to the volcano, the energy released by the eruption of Mount Tambora was equivalent to 62,000 times that of the Yuan Zi Dan in Hiroshima, Japan during World War II, and the height of the mountain was directly cut off by more than 1,000 meters, and 100,000 people were killed. It took three months for the volcano to calm down. I thought it was just a disaster for Indonesia, but I didn't expect that the nightmare of the world had just begun. A large amount of volcanic ash and sulfur dioxide aerosols spewed from Mount Tambora entered the stratosphere, enveloping almost the entire earth, blocking the energy of the sun's rays, and the world began to experience extreme weather. In 1816, people around the world were surprised to find that there was a severe frost in the summer, and in some areas even blizzards. This year was the coldest year in the Northern Hemisphere after 1400 years, known as the Year without Summer, drought, storms, and June snow. The most immediate impact of these extreme weather events is the mass death of crops, and the food crisis is rapidly sweeping the world. In Europe, 1815 was the year Napoleon defeated Waterloo. The War in Europe, which had been fought for 20 years, was finally over, and the people thought they could live a good life for two days, but they did not expect that famine would come again. The massive reduction in food production in Western European countries has ruined the hopes of most farmers for survival. According to the records, the beggars blocked the streets like swarms of bees, their faces glowing with the paleness of the dead. At the same time, there was an outbreak of plague in Ireland due to extreme weather, which, according to the BBC's speculation, killed 200,000 people across Europe. The existential crisis overwhelmed the people of Europe, and they began to shiwei on the streets, and social unrest swept across the continent. In 1816, Argentina declared its independence while Spain was at a loss for itself, while in England workers protested over the shortage of bread and even detained local governors. In order to divert the crisis, Britain decided to accelerate the pace of external expansion. Since then, the wheel of history has begun to move in unexpected directions. It wasn't just Britain, it was Europe as a whole that wanted to deflect the crisis. How? One depends on immigration, and the other depends on war. The first purpose of European immigration was the United States, and in the 30 years from 1820 to 1850, the population of the United States soared from more than 9.6 million to more than 23 million. People who were not in the eastern United States began to move west in large numbers to escape the cold and famine, and the grain-producing areas shifted from the east to the west, changing the agricultural structure of the United States. This migration is also the first wave of immigration in the history of the United States, and the demographic dividend has been directly transformed into a development dividend. The United States ushered in a golden age, and by the beginning of the 20th century, it completed industrialization and became the world's largest industrial capitalist country. After talking about immigration, where does the war go? Asia, here we mainly talk about China, China in 1816 is the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing period ah. At that time, the most serious place of famine was Yunnan, according to the county records of a certain place in Yunnan, at that time there was no harvest of grains, many people starved to death, people sold children and women to flee, many people were too hungry, had to eat Guanyin soil, that is, kaolin glaze, because of malnutrition, eating indiscriminately, also died of epidemics caused by microorganisms. At the peak of the famine, 29 of Yunnan's 88 counties reported starvation on the road. Even the grain production in the Jiangnan region, which has always been rich, has been massively reduced. The famous British economic historian Angus Madison once calculated the GDP of the world's major countries in the past few centuries through the algorithm of real purchasing power, and found that from 1700 to 1820, China's GDP has always been the first in the world, and the average annual growth rate is four times that of Europe. But from 1820 onwards, China's economy appeared an inflection point, when China was a traditional agricultural society, the economy depends on agriculture, so what does agriculture rely on? Weather, according to domestic and foreign economic historians and environmental historians, the eruption of Mount Tambora, which caused extreme anomalies, was a primer that dragged the entire Qing Dynasty into decline, while Britain was accelerating its expansion around the world. In 1816, diplomat Amistide led a delegation to Visit China and demanded that the trade agreement between the Qing Dynasty and The British be changed, but because he refused to bow to the Jiaqing Emperor, he was expelled from the Beijing Trade Agreement. Smuggling by British merchants became more and more rampant, the most serious of which was Ya films. The Ya film war laid the groundwork. In the middle of the 19th century, because of the disasters brought to the people by the Yapian War, as well as the natural disasters and famines that lasted for many years, Hong Xiuquan rose up and launched the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. Ancient China was pushed by the wheel of history into the crossroads of fate, and no one could have imagined that the reason behind these wars that stirred up turmoil in the world and changed the world pattern was actually a big sneeze on the earth. So will this eruption in Tonga affect the global climate as much as it did then? According to the calculations of Simon Carter, a professor at Michigan Technological University, the main component of volcanic eruptions affecting the climate is sulfur dioxide, and it currently needs to reach a concentration of five to ten times or more to produce measurable climate effects. What are the future trends? Let's wait and see!!!