In late December 2018, a tsunami hit the coastal areas of Java and Sumatra in Indonesia without warning, and a rock band that was playing was swept into the sea, and the video was shocking.
The tsunami killed at least 426 people and injured more than 7,200.
In the first moments of the tsunami, no one knew where the mysterious wave came from, and the Indonesian government speculated that it may have been a landslide caused by the krakatoa eruption, which has now been confirmed by scientists.
Usually volcanic eruptions throw large amounts of lava into the air, turning the nearby area into a hot hell on earth, and large volcanic eruptions can even cause global climate disasters.
But volcanic eruptions spawn tsunamis that directly destroy distant coastal areas that many may be difficult to understand.
Tsunamis are destructive waves that are usually triggered by undersea earthquakes, as well as submarine volcanic eruptions, landslides, submarine nuclear explosions or meteorite impacts.
According to later satellite images and flight detection data, the southwestern part of the Krakatoa Volcano has collapsed into the sea, the height of the volcano has dropped from 338 meters to 110 meters, experts estimate that 0.2 cubic kilometers of rock fell into the sea, and the height of the waves on the coast is about 2 meters.
Most tsunamis are caused by earthquakes, and the waves of these tsunamis range from several meters to tens of meters in height, and the destructive power is amazing.
For example, in the tsunami caused by the 2011 Earthquake in Japan, the waves reached coastal areas as high as 10 meters and reached a maximum of 40.1 meters, killing more than 15,000 people.
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake caused a tsunami of more than 30 meters, killing or missing 300,000 people in Southeast asia and South Asia.
The 1960 Chilean earthquake caused a tsunami that set off a 25-meter-high wave on the coast of Chile, and 10,000 kilometers away in the Pacific Ocean, the wave was also as high as 10.7 meters.
However, the tsunami caused by the earthquake is not the most violent, scientists will wave up to 100 meters above the tsunami informally called the great tsunami, these tsunamis caused by landslides, volcanic eruptions and asteroid impacts, causing a large number of water displacement in a short period of time, the huge waves set off by ordinary people can not imagine.
The largest was not the tsunami caused by the asteroid impact when the dinosaurs were extinct, and the study said that the waves set off at that time were as high as 5,000 meters, enough to flood an island the size of Madagascar.
In modern times, there was a landslide caused by a volcanic earthquake in Lake Spirite in the United States in 1980, forming a huge wave at a height of 260 meters;
In 1963, the landslide of The Vaion Dam in Italy formed a huge wave of 250 meters high, overturning the dam and destroying several villages and towns downstream, killing 2,000 people;
In 1958, in the Bay of Litua, Alaska, the United States, due to the landslide caused by the earthquake, the tsunami swept across the entire coastline, the largest wave was 524 meters high, the highest tsunami on record.
However, these are not the most frightening, and the most terrible tsunamis may be triggered by the eruptions of Cambriga in the Canary Islands and kilauea and Mauna Loa in Hawaii, both of which can reach waves as high as 1,000 meters or more.
Mount Kambriga is currently dormant, but it is certain to erupt again, with a 500 cubic kilometers and a mass of 1.5 trillion tons on its western side, and if it slides into the sea, it will set off a 1,000-meter-high wave that can still reach 50 meters on the eastern coast of North America and the Caribbean Sea, causing casualties of up to tens of millions of people.
Stay tuned: