Discover photos of the site
Blue-gray "concrete"
Jade
Li Shiwei of the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology gave a report entitled "Harvest and Understanding of the Fourth Archaeological Excavation of Yangshao Village Site". In August 2020, in order to dig deeper into the cultural connotation of the Yellow River and implement the project "Research on the Civilization Process of Archaeological China and the Central Plains", the fourth archaeological excavation of the Yangshao Village site was launched. This archaeological discovery includes house sites, trenches, tombs, ash pit burials, cellars, ash pits, ash ditches, roads, pillar holes, etc.; pottery, jade, stone tools, bone tools, mussels, ivory products, etc., and the remains seen include the early, middle and late Yangshao cultures, as well as the Miaodigou Phase II culture and the Longshan culture period. In addition, blue-gray similar "concrete" floors, reddish-brown painted vermilion stem mud walls and other remains of house buildings have also been found. There are also new achievements in multidisciplinary research, such as the detection of silk residue information in human bone soil samples in the Yangshao and Longshan cultural periods, and the evidence of fermented grain wine in the residue of pointed bottom bottles in the Yangshao period. The discovery of large-scale house architecture in Yangshao culture provides new materials for the study of the architectural grade, shape and technology of the Yangshao village site, and the discovery of the trench of Yangshao culture and Longshan culture is of great significance for understanding the development and change of the settlement form of the site, and the various samples collected during the excavation provide valuable materials for the development of multidisciplinary research work.
[The report was published at the 2021 Henan Archaeological Work Achievements Exchange Conference, on the morning of December 17, 2021, Nanyang, Henan. 】
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The fourth archaeological excavation at the Yangshao village site has yielded major new discoveries
Concrete, fermented wine and silk
5,000 years ago, the people of Yangshao Village wore silk, drank wine, and slept on the "concrete" floor.
On September 29, 2021, under the guidance of the Henan Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics, sponsored by the Henan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Society, undertaken by the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, and co-organized by the Sanmenxia Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Television and Tourism and the People's Government of Shichi County, the "Henan Provincial Expert Symposium on commemorating the first anniversary of General Secretary Xi Jinping's '9 28' Important Speech" and the release of the important results of the fourth archaeological excavation at the Yangshao Village Site were held in Shichi County, Sanmenxia City.
The fourth archaeological excavation of the Yangshao village site not only found a wealth of relics and relics, but also found a wealth of relics and relics, and after multidisciplinary comprehensive archaeological research, not only clarified the blue-gray "concrete" composition found in the Yangshao village site, but also detected silk residue information in human bone soil samples, and found grain fermentation wine in the residue of pointed bottom bottles.
In August 2020, in order to dig deeper into the cultural connotation of the Yellow River and carry out the project of "Research on the Civilization Process of Archaeological China and central plains", with the strong support of the Henan Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and the approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, together with the Sanmenxia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the Shichi County Cultural and Tourism Bureau, launched the fourth archaeological excavation of the Yangshao Village site. Zhengzhou University, Henan University and Henan Normal University participated in the excavation.
Ivory bracelets, jade bracelets, etc. appeared in Yangshao
Li Shiwei, the person in charge of the fourth excavation site of yangshao village site, introduced that after more than a year of work, the fourth archaeological excavation and research of yangshao village site has made significant progress. It is found that the ruins are relatively rich, including housing sites, trenches, tombs, ash pit burials, cellars, ash pits, ash ditches, roads, pillar holes and so on. A large number of cultural relics have been excavated, including pottery, jade, stone tools, bone tools, ivory products, etc., and the remains seen include the early, middle and late Yangshao culture, as well as the Miaodigou PHASE II culture and the Longshan culture period.
The excavation found remnants of house buildings such as blue-gray "concrete" floors and reddish-brown mud walls painted with vermilion stems. High-grade relics such as staggered parallel patterned faience pots, ivory bracelets, jade pendants, jade rings, and jade huang are all new archaeological discoveries.
A slightly broken jade ring unearthed from this excavation has attracted the attention of Liu Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, who believes that this is a typical production style of jade from the Northeast Hongshan culture, with the outer edges thinly sharpened and sharpened, thickened inward, and very precious. Yangshao faience pottery has deeply influenced the Hongshan culture faience pottery, and the appearance of Hongshan cultural style jade at the Yangshao site shows that there was a closer cultural exchange and interaction between the Central Plains and the northeast more than 5,000 years ago. There is also an ivory bracelet, exquisite and beautiful, fully using drilling technology, which should be a rare relic of a higher grade.
The small-mouth pointed bottom bottle was originally used for winemaking
It is particularly noteworthy that the typical artifacts of yangshao culture are usually considered to be water-drawing vessels, but scientific analysis of the residues of pointed bottom bottles found at the site of Yangshao village shows that things are not so simple. The Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology commissioned researchers from Stanford University and Northwest University in the United States to conduct a scientific analysis of the residues of the pointed bottom bottles at the Yangshao Village site, and the researchers conducted a preliminary analysis of the residues of eight pointed bottom bottles (6000-5000 years ago) excavated from the fourth archaeological excavation of yangshao village site in Yangshao Village, Henan Province, and used the method of non-destructive and multidisciplinary comprehensive analysis of pottery (starch grains, phytosilicas, yeast and mold) to obtain evidence of ancient brewing grain bud wine and koji wine technology. Comprehensive research proves that the pointed bottom bottle of the Yangshao village site is used to ferment grain wine. Preliminary analysis suggests that the cullus residues are likely to be fermented wines made from millet, millet, rice, coix, wild wheat and root plants, using two winemaking techniques: sprouted grains and koji fermentation. Two types of wine are recorded in the Oracle, namely "wine", the former being fermented with moldy grains, and the latter being brewed from sprouted grains with relatively low alcohol content. Both brewing processes have been found in the remnants of the pointed bottom bottle at the Yangshao Village site, and this study provides direct archaeological evidence for the brewing and consumption of grain wine in the neolithic Yangshao Cultural Center, and the pointed bottom bottle at the Yangshao Village site is consistent with the function of similar Yangshao pottery in the surrounding area, such as the site of Henan Shichiding Village, etc., and its winemaking method is likely to represent the technology and development of the core area of Yangshao culture.
The hard ones have "concrete" and the soft ones have silk
In recent years, silks of different ages in archaeological work have appeared in various places, and the ruins of Yangshao Village do not want to be left behind. Researchers at the China Silk Museum conducted a scientific analysis of 14 soil samples from the Yangshao village site tomb, and found silk protein residues from two of them, indicating that silk objects may have existed in the tomb.
The "concrete" found at the yangshao village site has attracted widespread attention, and there have been new advances in the study of its composition. Scientific testing shows that the ancestors of the Yangshao period have begun to use fired stone plus clay as a cementitious material, firing ceramic particles as aggregates, with a certain degree of hydrocoagulation "concrete" as a building material, dating back about 5,000 years, is currently seen in the country is one of the earliest and more mature concrete house building materials.
Liu Haiwang, president of the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said in an interview with reporters that the fourth archaeological excavation of the Yangshao village site is of great significance for in-depth understanding of the cultural connotation of the Yangshao village site, the layout of the settlement, the development and evolution of the settlement form, and the process of social complexity and civilization in western Henan.
He said that the discovery of remains of house buildings such as blue-gray "concrete" floors and reddish-brown painted vermilion stem mud walls provides new materials for studying the ruins of Yangshao Village and the types, shapes, and construction techniques of houses in the Yangshao cultural period in western Henan. The emergence of large artificial trenches in Yangshao culture reflects the complete defense facilities of yangshao village sites and the flourishing development of settlements. The test results of "concrete", "silk", "fermented wine" and so on show that the production and life at that time had reached a certain height, on the other hand, it showed that our level of archaeological scientific research had reached a new level.
First excavation (1921):
In 1921, with approval, the Swede Anderson and Chinese scholars conducted the first excavations of the yangshao village site. The excavation lasted one month, 17 excavation sites, and obtained a wealth of physical materials, laying the foundation for the study of Yangshao culture.
The first excavation of the Yangshao village site marked the birth of Chinese archaeology, and yangshao culture became the first archaeological cultural name to appear in the history of Chinese archaeology. The first excavation of the Yangshao Village site, which began in the context of the country's poverty and weakness, confirmed the existence of a very developed ancient culture in China, which had a strong impact on the "West of Chinese Civilization".
Second excavation (1951):
In June 1951, led by the famous archaeologist Mr. Xia Nai, the second excavation was carried out in Yangshao Village, which was one of the earlier archaeological excavations carried out after the founding of New China, and this excavation deepened the understanding of the cultural connotation of yangshao village sites. The excavation found nine densely arranged tombs, and the excavated cultural relics include black color on a red background, dark red pottery pots, pottery bowls, small-mouth pointed bottom bottles, gray-brown sand pottery, etc., and also found polished black pottery and checkered gray pottery from the Longshan period. Through this excavation, the nature and appearance of Yangshao culture were basically clarified.
Third excavation (1980):
From 1980 to 1981, the third excavation jointly conducted by the Henan Provincial Institute of Archaeology and the Cultural Center of Shichi County basically clarified the cultural connotation of the Yangshao Village site.
The excavation excavated a total of 4 exploration parties and 4 trenches, covering an area of more than 200 square meters, and found 4 house foundations, 41 cellars, and 613 excavated artifacts. This excavation basically clarified the connotation of Yangshao Village cultural sites, further confirmed the existence of two archaeological cultures of Yangshao and Longshan in Yangshao Village Cultural Sites, clarified the relationship between stratigraphic superimposition, and provided information for the in-depth study of Yangshao culture.
Fourth Excavation (2020):
After 40 years, in August 2020, the fourth archaeological excavation was launched at the site of Yangshao Village.
——Found blue-gray "concrete" houses, reddish-brown painted vermilion stem mud walls and other housing architectural remains, which is one of the earliest concrete house building materials seen in China;
- The discovery of large artificial trenches reflects the complete defense facilities of the Yangshao Village site and the flourishing development of the settlement;
——Found "silk", in the Yangshao culture and Longshan culture tomb human bone soil sample, detected silk protein traces, indicating that there may be silk in the tomb.
——Discovery of "fine wine", and the residue of fermented grain wine was detected in the samples of small-mouthed pointed bottles in the middle and late stages of the site.
-- For the first time, a large number of cultural relics such as ivory products, jade rings, jade rings, jade cymbals, agate, painted pottery, and carbonized fruit cores were found.
The fourth excavation has realized the combination of digital informatization, multi-discipline and multi-technology, which fully reflects the progress and high-level development of excavation and archaeology in the new era. It has comprehensively enriched the understanding and understanding of the site of Yangshao Village, and deserves to be the first archaeological culture.
Comprehensive reporting