I am Tang Di, a history buff. Welcome everyone [attention] I, let's talk about the past and the present, and discuss the general trend of the world. Gentleman I, just to learn and make friends!
First, the background of the sub-production administration
After the alliance of the armies, the central plains princes generally showed a stable situation.
The state of Qi was turbulent in the early days of Jing Gong's reign, with the ruling ministers Cui Zhu and Qingfeng falling one after another, one after another; the chancellor Gao Zhi was also expelled in 544 BC, and the two grandsons of Duke Hui of Qi, Jing Gong's uncles ZiYa (Gongsun Zao) and ZiWei (Gongsun Qi) held great power, the two were shrewd and strong, and they were close and intimate, and at the same time loyal to the government, the situation of the State of Qi gradually improved; the Song State not only had a stable state, but also contributed to the Jin-Chu Army Conference; the pattern of the rule of the Three Huans of the State of Lu had long been fixed and had few waves; the wei rebellion was quelled before the soldiers.
Only Zheng Guo was still struggling in the pre-dawn darkness.
In July 546 BC, Zhao Wu, who had returned to China after the battle of the soldiers, also set out for China, passing through the State of Zheng, and Zheng Jian took all his important ministers (Zizhan, Boyou, Zixi, Zichan, Zi uncle, Yinduan, and Gongsun Duan) to a grand hospitality at Chuilong (northwest of present-day Zhengzhou, Henan Province).
At that time, Zheng Guo was controlled by the "Seven Mu". Qimu is the family of the seven princes of Zheng Mu Gong Ji Lan (that is, Xia Ji's father), namely the seven major families of Han, Si, Feng, You, Yin, Guo, and Liang, and now the "Seven Mu" are already the sons of the princes.
At that time, the ruling was the Xianchen Zizhan ( Xianchen Zizhan ) , the fourth generation of famous courtiers ranked fourth, the son uncle ranked fifth , and the situation in the Zheng kingdom was moving from chaos to stability.
But the contradictions between the seven families are still very acute. At this banquet, Zhao Wu invited the seven important ministers of Zheng Guo to give poems one by one (that is, to chant the chapters in the "Three Hundred Poems") Ming Zhi, one is to enhance the atmosphere of the banquet, but also to investigate the personalities of the "Seven Mu". As a result, Zi Zhan (Han Shi), Zi Xi (Si Shi), Zi Chan (Guo Shi), Zi Da Uncle (You Shi), Yin Duan (Yin Shi), and Gongsun Duan (Feng Shi) were appreciated by Zhao Wu.
At the end of the banquet, Zhao Wu and Shu Xiang discussed: Bo You (Liang Clan) was arrogant and rude, and it was rare to have a good ending. The Han clan of the Seven Mus finally perished, followed by the Yin clan, and several other families could also be passed down for several generations. Shu Xiang agreed.
Second, how chaotic was there in the Zheng kingdom before the son came to power?
In May 544 BC, the ruling zizhan died of illness, and his sons Zipi (罕皮, Hanhu) came to power. At that time, Zheng and Song were both causing famine, and Zipi, the ruler of Zheng Guo, and Zihan, the ruler of Song, took the lead in helping the hungry people, and Zihan did not even collect IOUs when borrowing grain. The crisis passed quickly. Shu Xiang commented in the Jin Kingdom: "The Han clan of the Zheng Kingdom and the Le clan of the Song Kingdom are probably the last families of the two countries to die, right?" Both families will probably eventually be in charge of state affairs, right? This is all because the people are willing to belong to them. The Le clan of the Song Kingdom does not take it as its own kindness to help others, and if it is better, this family will probably be with the Song Kingdom. ”
But the seeds of contradiction are still sprouting and spreading. Zi Xi of the Si clan died of illness, his son Si Dai was Made Qing, and his disciple Gao (Gongsun Hei) was made Shang Dafu. In November 544 BC, Bo You (LiangXiao) sent Zi Hao to the Chu State, and Zi Hao felt that Chu and Zheng were fighting against each other, and Bo You was harming himself by appointing such a mission, and resolutely refused to go. In the end, it was necessary to send out family armed forces to attack the Boyou family. The Liang family and the Si family are incompatible. Everyone hurried to dissuade them.
On December 7, Zheng Guo's secretaries of state formed an alliance with the Boyou family, and the matter was barely settled. The doctor predicted that chaos was still to come. After the great chaos, the offspring will be in power, and then the country will be better.
Sure enough, not long after, the Liang and Si families finally caught fire. Bo had an alcoholic, and he drank drunk every day. On July 11, 543 BC (庚子), Bo youshang (伯有上朝), again ordered Zi Hao to go out to the Chu state, and after retreating from the dynasty, he began to drink heavily. Zi Hao led the Si clan to attack the Liang clan and set fire to the Liang clan. Bo is guilty of alcohol, so the Liang clan is difficult to stop, and when he wakes up, he finds that he has been driven out of the capital under the protection of his family, and has to flee to Xu Guo.
On the morning of the 24th, Bo You secretly infiltrated the capital of Zheng Guo to take revenge, and the Liang and Si families fought a bloody battle in the city, and both sides asked zichan (guoshi) to help, and zichan lamented: "Brothers actually got to this point, I support the side blessed by heaven", so they strictly observed neutrality. In the end, Bo had been defeated in the battle, and was killed in the sheep shop (the sheep market), and no one cared. Zi Chan personally dressed Bo You, wept bitterly on his thighs, and collected the bodies of the slain Bo You family members and buried them. The Si clan again wanted to attack the child, but was stopped by the ruling son Pi.
This time of civil unrest, the whole Zheng kingdom was in chaos, and people's hearts were scattered. After the first fight between the Liang and Si families, the son wanted to run away, but was dissuaded by Zi Pi, and the second time he faced the danger of being attacked. In August, another sage uncle (You Ji) sent an envoy to the Jin Dynasty, and on the way, when he heard of the fire in the country, he prepared to go into exile in the Jin Dynasty, walked to the sour jujube (southwest of present-day Yanjin County, Henan Province), and was chased by the donkey and persuaded to return.
Internal strife and external troubles often follow each other. This time the Liang clan was destroyed, and Bo You's nemesis, Sima Yujie of the State of Zheng, went out to the Jin State, and the Jin people appointed him as the Grand Master of Ren (任, in present-day southeastern Ren County, Hebei Province), and constantly brewed revenge.
As early as 570 BC, Zheng Guo's grand master Le Cheng defected to the Chu state, and later came to the Jin state as a subordinate of Zhao Wu. Yu Jie approached Zhao Wu through Lecheng's relationship, and the two colluded to persuade Zhao Wu to take the opportunity to send troops to attack Zheng, but Zhao Wu categorically refused.
In the winter of that year, Zipi took the initiative to cede the ruling power to Zichan, who refused: "Zheng is a small country, sandwiched between the two big powers of Jin and Chu, with a large domestic family and many favored subjects, which is really difficult to govern." ZiPi said: "I take the lead in obeying you, who else dares to disobey?" You do a good job, the country is not afraid of small, as long as you can serve a big country well, Zheng Guo's situation may improve. ”
In this way, the offspring began to govern the Zheng state. Zi chan appeared on the political stage of the Zheng state as early as 565 BC, and in 563 BC, his father and son were killed in civil unrest, becoming the head of the Guo family, and in 554 BC, he became the governor of the country.
Even so, it is still dependent on Zipi, a wise and generous boss. From then on, the first minister in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period began to exercise his will, and Zheng Guo also began to walk towards its golden age in hesitation.
Third, the off-child property is the government
As soon as the son came to power, he began to adopt a series of good governance. But the country's shortcomings are too deep, and it still needs to go through the last deep obstacle of turmoil.
1. Unsatisfactory picture
Zheng Guo's political turmoil lasted for decades, after two generations, and the fundamental reason was that there were too many Mu Gongzi and Grandson families, and it was difficult to centralize state power. After Bo You's death, the situation still did not fundamentally change, and the offspring could only seek compromise and balance of interests between the various families, and seek to make a difference in dissatisfaction.
After Bo You's death, Zi Chan recommended Bo Shi (Gongsun Duan, Zi Shi) as Qing, second only to himself. In doing so, it is not a child who likes Bo Shi, this man is hypocritical and greedy. When Taishi read out the appointment, Bo Shi knew that the son needed his assistance, and hypocritically resigned three times before accepting the order to merge into the pilgrimage.
Once, the sub-property had an administrative affair that needed to be handled by Bo Shi, and presumably this Bo Shi shi shied it again, and the sub-property had to give him a city. Uncle Zi was very opinionated, and Zi Chan explained: Everyone has selfish desires, and satisfying Bo Shi's selfish desires and prompting him to actively do things is also a pragmatic expedient. Afterwards, Bo Shi again pretended to return the city, and the child was still given to him. Hidden forbearance, even now, the child must be hidden.
But after all, forbearance cannot reach the point of losing the fundamental principle. In the winter of 543 BC, the chancellor Fengxuan (also grandson of Zheng Mugong) wanted to worship his ancestors and asked for hunting to obtain sacrifices. The offspring refused, because only the monarch could use newly killed animals, and ordinary people could only use ordinary sacrifices. Toyomaki was furious and went back to gather the forces of the Toyo clan to attack the children. The child was again ready to flee. Fortunately, Zipi once again came to his aid and expelled Fengjuan to the Jin Kingdom. The son requested that feng's field house not be confiscated, and after three years, he was allowed to return to Toyokaki, and returned the field house and even the harvest for three years to Toyokan.
In 541 BC, Zi Hao (Gongsun Hei) got into trouble again. The sister of Xu Wucheng, the grand master of the State of Zheng, was very beautiful, and Zi Nan (Gongsun Chu, also the grandson of Zheng Mugong, the younger brother of the Zi Uncle clan) had already given the dowry, but Zi Hao also wanted to marry a beautiful woman, and the two did not give in to each other. When it came to the childbirth, the child decided to let the beautiful woman decide for herself, and the result was that the child was caught.
Zi Gao was angry and prepared to kill Zi Nan and take the beautiful woman, but unexpectedly Zi Nan won the martial arts, chased Zi Hao all over the street, and finally Yi Ge injured Zi Gao. Zi Hao then found a complaint again: "I was going to wish him a happy new marriage, but he actually beat me!" "Offspring ruling: Both have a reason, so the young and low-ranking Zinan should be responsible." After consulting Uncle Zi, Zi Nan was expelled and took this beautiful bride into exile in the Kingdom of Wu.
In the autumn of 540 BC, Zi Hao again premeditated rebellion, and Zheng Guo was on the verge of falling into another civil war. The child rushed to apologize for committing suicide.
2. Off-child reform
Although the country was still in turmoil, reform measures were immediately launched as soon as the offspring came to power.
The new reform has three main contents.
The first is the hierarchy system: to clarify the hierarchy and etiquette norms between the upper and lower levels of the countrymen.
The second is regional management: establish and improve the rules and regulations for the management of urban (capital) and rural (despised) areas; demarcate the boundaries of fields and ditches, and unify the layout of houses and wells between villages;
-- The establishment of new rules was the starting point of all reforms, and later, Zizhan took the lead in promulgating written laws in Zheng Guo, leading the way of the times.
The third is the employment system: approaching and reusing loyal and simple doctors, and punishing proud and extravagant doctors.
The idea of reform of the offspring is probably to centralize the management and to benefit the country with a mandatory new economic management policy.
Because the new reform measures had brought about great changes in the way of social life, a year later, the common people sang: "Take away my clothes and hide them, take away my fields and arrange them randomly; if anyone wants to kill their children, I will not follow them!" ”
In the third year, everyone saw the benefits of centralized management and sang: "I have children, children and teachings; I have fields, and children are managed." After the birth of a child, who will continue? ”
3. Freedom of public opinion
Two thousand years ago, the people of Zhengguo could sing songs to judge those in power, thanks to the special state system of Zhengguo: a regime formed by the combination of nobles and merchants. It also benefits from the foresight and open-mindedness of the great politicians of the sub-industry.
There is a place in the capital of Zhengguo: the township school. Zhengguo's township school is not only a place of education, but also a place where Chinese people gather and make speeches. New ways of reforming the children's property have emerged, and the township schools have naturally become more and more lively, and everyone has talked about the new policy of the new consul, and since it is free speech, the voice may not be so pleasant, I am afraid that the scolding is higher.
So much so that ran Ming, a doctor who had always been wise and wise, also proposed to the children: If the township school is sealed, it will not be counted. The offspring are not impressed:
"Why seal? People gather there in the morning and evening to relax and discuss the quality of government decrees. If they think it's good, I'll put it into practice; if they think it's bad, I'll improve it. From this point of view, the remarks of the Chinese people are my teachers, why should they be banned? I've only heard of loyalty to dispel resentment, never of being able to block resentment with wist. Of course, high pressure can quickly block complaints, but this is like waterproofing, once the river is opened, there must be many victims, and then we will not be able to save. Therefore, it is better to open a small opening than usual, because of the situation. Therefore, for the remarks of the Chinese people, it is best to listen to them often to remedy my mistakes. ”
A clear statement: you are really the material for doing great things!
The words of the child industry incisively discuss the dual value of freedom of speech: the substantive value of freedom of speech lies in supervising politics and promoting national politics to constantly abandon evil and turn to good; the procedural value of freedom of speech lies in the fact that the process of speech itself makes the people feel a kind of expression satisfaction, even if the content of speech is not adopted, as a commoner, people can also obtain a sense of satisfaction and happiness through expression.
After hearing about this, Confucius commented: "People say that children are not benevolent, and I do not believe in them!" In fact, Confucius may not have really understood the words of the son, because he said in the Analects: "If there is a way in the world, then the common people do not discuss it". In fact, for more than 2,500 years, there are really too few people who can really understand the power of childbirth.
4. Talented
Tang Taizong wanted to promote talents, and a flattering minister played: There are no talents now. Emperor Taizong said: There are no talents now, do you want me to borrow from ancient times? There is no shortage of talents in any dynasty, and the key lies in whether the superiors can be discovered and appointed. Emperor Taizong's words are truly the most reasonable sayings.
The sub-production is in power, not only selecting capable people, but also employing people for their strengths. Zheng Guo's court also suddenly appeared to be full of talents.
Feng Jianzi can judge big things; Uncle Zi describes it as beautiful and literary; Gongsun Huai (pedestrian Zi Yu) is good at predicting the activities of the princes of the four directions, and at the same time knows the surnames, ranks, nobles, and talents of the ministers of various countries, and is also good at diplomatic rhetoric; there are many ideas, but this guy has a strange problem: in the quiet field thinking, he always expects things like gods, and once he is in a prosperous city, his brain does not work well.
Therefore, whenever there is a major event in the world, Zi Chan always first asks Gongsun Huai to judge how the princes and countries will act, and asks him to prepare multiple sets of words of response in advance; then, he drives to the suburbs with Qi Chen and asks him to consider whether his plan is feasible; then, he tells Feng Jianzi the plan and asks him to make a decision; everything is ready, and the task is entrusted to Uncle Zi to carry out concretely. In this way, Zheng Guo's things are rarely done badly.
Confucius also left a similar record in the Analects: "For fate, The grass is created, the uncle discusses it, the pedestrian ZiYu modifies it, and the Dongli Zi produces and polishes it." ”
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