As an imperial official and a famous artist in the painting world, Yan Liben also had an inferiority complex.
One day, Tang Taizong Li Shimin took a hundred officials to the Chunyuan Pond for a boat trip, and saw a bird emerging from the pond that he had never seen before. Li Shimin felt new and ordered his courtiers to write poems praising the bird, and then felt that he was not addicted, and ordered someone to summon Yan Liben to come and paint for the bird.
In the Manchu Dynasty, Yan Liben's painting skills can be described as one of the best. He was on duty in the office at the time, when he suddenly heard a palace person's message: "Painter Yan Liben, the emperor ordered you to go and paint birds." ”
▲ Portrait of Tang Taizong
Yan Liben put down his official duties, rushed to Tang Taizong in a hurry, and could not rest for a while, so he lay down by the edge of the pool and buried his head in painting, like a painter. Halfway through the painting, Yan Liben looked up and found that those around him who were officials in the same dynasty as him were looking at themselves with high spirits at the moment.
Yan Liben successfully completed the work arranged by his boss, but he always had a grudge against the contemptuous eyes of his colleagues.
Back at home, Yan Liben warned his sons: "When I was young, I also liked to read, but now I am famous for painting, and I can only serve others like a slave, which is a great shame." You should take this as a warning and stop learning this skill! ”
However, Yan Liben's self-deprecating painting skills have been immortalized throughout the ages with masterpieces such as "Step Map" and "Diagram of Emperors of Past Dynasties", and those who despise him have long been wiped out in the river of time, and even their names have not been left.
Yan Liben was born into an artistic family, or more precisely, an aristocratic artistic family.
The Yan clan was famous and often held high positions since the Han Dynasty.
Yan Liben's father, Yan Bi, was a talented man with a deep knowledge of calligraphy and painting, and was appreciated by Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou at a young age, and married Princess Qingdu, the daughter of Emperor Wu. That is to say, the Northern Zhou Emperor Yuwen Yong in the "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties" was actually Yan Liben's grandfather.
▲ Yan Liben's "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties" in the Northern Zhou Emperor Yuwen Yong
Emperor Wen of Sui was honored as emperor by Zen, and Yan Bi was appreciated by the crown prince Yang Yong for his talents. The costumes and utensils used by Yang Yong are extremely gorgeous, most of them are from Yan Bi's hand. However, Emperor Wen of Sui was most unaccustomed to the prince's extravagant life style. Later, Yang Yong was deposed, the designer Yan Bi was implicated, Emperor Wen of Sui punished him with a hundred scepters, and the family was demoted to official slaves, and it took two years to pardon the people.
There is a way that Saion lost his horse and knew that it was not a blessing. Yang Guang, who had originally replaced Yang Yong as the crown prince, was also fascinated by luxury goods after taking the throne, so he revived the art master Yan Bi and asked him to design a car for himself.
When the Sui Dynasty Emperor built the Grand Canal, Yan Bi was responsible for the engineering design of the Hebei section and supervised the dredging of water transportation, which can be described as outstanding. Therefore, Yan Bi, who had suffered great hardships, did not suffer from the suspicion of yang Guang, the Sui Dynasty Emperor, because he had belonged to yang yong group, but relied on his superb skills to step through the clouds, and after his death, he was deeply mourned by Yang Guang, and was given a knighthood and a title, which was extremely honored and favored.
▲ The Sui Emperor in Yan Liben's "Map of the Emperors of Past Dynasties"
Different from Yan Liben's self-denial in the future, Yan Bi, who tasted sweetness in the art world, let the children follow themselves on the road of art. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Yan Bi and his sons Yan Lide and Yan Liben were known for their achievements in craftsmanship and painting.
Yan Liben's older brother, Yan Lide, is also a national-level celebrity.
In his early years, Yan Lide accompanied Li Shimin on the battlefield and became a member of the Qin Wang clique. He entered the army with the shade of his door, and like his father, he was known for his artistic achievements, and was therefore a high-ranking official.
After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, the emperor's crown dress was designed by Yan Lide. After the death of Tang Gaozu, the first Tomb of the Tang Emperor was dedicated, which was also presided over by Yan Lide. When Emperor Taizong conquered Goguryeo, yan Lide was responsible for building the large ships and pontoon bridges used for navigation.
Later, Yan Lide and his younger brother Yan Liben designed the Zhaoling Tomb for Tang Taizong, and the famous "Zhaoling Liujun" relief is the masterpiece of the brothers.
▲ Zhaoling Liujun's Green Horse. Image source: Figureworm creative
During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, Yan Lide served as a Gongbu Shangshu for several years with his merits, and after his death, he was buried in Zhaoling, and the position of Gongbu Shangshu was succeeded by his brother Yan Liben. The people of the time were envious of the Yan clan's "eight brothers in their place" and praised them madly (eight seats, referring to the six Shangshu and Shangshu left and right servants and other high-ranking officials).
In his book "On Painting", the Tang Dynasty Li Sizhen commented on the paintings of The Yan Lide and Yan Liben brothers: The Yan brothers have revitalized the paintings since the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At that time, the images of the envoys who came to the capital to worship and offer treasures, the ceremonies arranged for receiving these envoys, and the customs displayed by these envoys were all painted by their brothers, and they were strange and deeply charming.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, whenever there was a major event in the capital, the emperor would order the Yan brothers to paint, for example, when Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, Yan Liben created the "Step Map" that has been handed down to the present day, and Yan Lide painted a "Map of Princess Wencheng Descending", but unfortunately it was later lost; when Xie Yuanshen of the Eastern Barbarians went to Chang'an for a pilgrimage, Yan Lide was also ordered to paint the "Four Yi Dynasty Map" to praise the strength of the Tang Empire.
It is precisely with the yan liben brothers' clever hand Danqing that history has been passed down in another form.
They are witnesses of history and recorders, engraving the style of the Tang Dynasty with an immortal brushwork.
Yan Liben grew up under the inspiration of his father and brother and the influence of art, and although he was later summoned by Emperor Taizong of Tang to paint and said a few words, he actually loved painting.
When Yan Liben was young, he studied under the famous Northern Dynasty master Zheng Fashi.
Zheng Fashi is not only skilled, but his virtue has also been passed down as a good story. It is said that once, Zheng Fashi and another painter, Yang Sheng, painted pagodas for temples in the capital. Yang Sheng was more devoted when he worked, using bamboo mats to cover the place of painting, and after Zheng Fashi peeked at them a few times, he initially thought that Yang Sheng's paintings were not remarkable, and there was no need to block them with bamboo mats.
After a period of time, Zheng Fashi and Yang Sheng became acquainted, and only then did they truly understand Yang Sheng's paintings, and they were deeply impressed by it, and turned to Yang Sheng humbly asked Yang Sheng for the secret of painting characters and horses. Yang Sheng generously explained his confusion and took Zheng Fashi to the front of the palace, pointing to the clothes and clothing of pedestrians on the street and the carriages and horses, saying that this was his source of inspiration.
Yan Liben had a similar experience to Zheng Fashi, and also learned the teacher's eclectic mind.
The Sui and Tang Jia Dialect records an anecdote: At that time, there was also a great monk in the painting world, Zhang Shengxuan, who was good at painting figures, and he had authentic murals in the ancient temples of Jingzhou. Yan Liben, in order to learn skills, searched around for famous paintings of past dynasties, heard the great name of Zhang Monk, and traveled thousands of miles to Jingzhou to find the ancient temple and watch the murals.
The first time, Yan Liben glanced at it a few times, and at once he didn't see where the painting was good, and he thought that Zhang Shengxuan had a false name, so he hurried back.
Back at the place where he was staying, Yan Liben thought about going, always feeling that something was missing, and after a few days he ran to observe the mural. This time, Yan Liben carefully tasted, and Fang knew that this painting had a profound artistic conception and exquisite pen and ink, and it was indeed a good product worthy of the name. Standing in front of the painting, he muttered to himself, admiring Zhang Shengxuan, whom he had never met before, and exclaimed: "You are a good hand in modern times!" ”
Later, Yan Liben entered the temple for the third time to see the painting, and with a reverential heart, stayed in the apse of the ancient temple for more than ten days in a row, from day to night, carefully pondering every stroke on the painting, and memorizing Zhang Shengxuan's painting skills.
Yan Liben was preparing to leave after the famous painting of "Three Gu", when the abbot of the temple told him that there was a painting of Zhang Shengxuan's "Drunken Monk" in the nearby Taoist Temple, which was painted in a wonderful way, and the Taoist monks often used this painting to ridicule the monks, you have just learned the technique of Zhang Shengxuan painting characters, can you please make a painting for us.
Yan Liben listened, some black humor, and immediately drew a "Drunken Taoist Figure" to stay in the temple, and "PK in the air" with Zhang Shengxuan.
▲ The image of Yan Liben in film and television dramas. Source: TV stills
After integrating and absorbing the painting styles of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yan Liben had a number of talents, good at painting Taoist interpretations, figures, landscapes, Kurama and other subjects, especially known for his portrait paintings, good at portraying the appearance of characters, with rounded brushwork and vivid charm.
During the reign of Tang Taizong, Yan Liben was the number one "photographer" of Zhenguan Junchen, and was repeatedly ordered to create portraits for the founding heroes, such as "Eighteen Scholars of Qin Province" and "Twenty-four Figures of Lingyange Heroes", etc., which depicted the famous generals under Tang Taizong, and the image was vivid and conveyed, so it was praised by the people of the time as "Danqing Deification".
N years later, Du Fu also chanted the portrait of Ling Yange in the "Danqing Introduction": "Liang Xiang enters the crown of the virtuous on his head, and fiercely shoots a large feather arrow around his waist." Gong Gong (Qin Qiong) Duke E (尉迟恭) Mao launched, heroic and sassy to fight. ”
Today, the palace mausoleums built by the Yan brothers for the Tang Dynasty have long disappeared with the wind, but Yan Liben's paintings are collected in major museums, and future generations can trace the era he depicted from the paintings.
The "Diagram of The Emperors of Past Dynasties" written by Yan Liben is a representative work of his portrait paintings, in which the portraits of thirteen emperors have their own characteristics and express the mental state of different historical figures.
This scroll is divided into a group of each emperor independently, namely: Liu Fuling, Emperor Zhao of Han, Liu Xiu of Emperor Guangwu of Han, Cao Pi of Emperor Wen of Wei, Sun Quan of Wu, Liu Bei of Shu, Sima Yan of Emperor Wu of Jin, Emperor Chen Xuan of Chen, Emperor Chen Xuan of Chen, Emperor Chen Bozong of Chen, Emperor Chen Shubao of Chen Hou, Emperor Yuwen of Northern Zhou, Yang Jian of Emperor Wen of Sui, and Yang Guang, Emperor of Sui.
▲Yan Liben's "Map of The Emperors of Past Dynasties"
Among these thirteen emperors, there are founding emperors, there are lords of Zhongxing, and there are also kings of subjugated countries.
According to their political actions and different positions in the situation of unification, division and partial security, Yan Liben portrayed postures, faces, skin, etc., depicting completely different imperial appearances.
We can look at the appearance of several emperors in his writing.
As the founding emperor of Cao Wei, Emperor Wen of Wei, Cao Pi, accompanied his father Cao Cao on his southern expedition to the North from an early age, and after inheriting Cao Wei's foundation, he was proclaimed emperor of The Han Dynasty. As a result, Cao Pi has a provocative vision in the painting, grandeur and aggressiveness.
Cao Cao sighed before his death: "When you have a son, you should be like Sun Zhongmou." In the "Map of The Emperors of Past Dynasties", The Wu lord Sun Quan is elegant and generous, smiling, showing the image of this emperor who is good at checks and balances and full of ambition.
▲ Yan Liben's "Map of The Emperors of Past Dynasties" in the Shu lord Liu Bei, wu lord Sun Quan, Wei Wen emperor Cao Pi
Among the Emperors of the Three Kingdoms in the "Map of The Emperors of the Past Dynasties", Liu Bei, the Emperor of Han Zhaolie, was the oldest and had the most tortuous experience, he had the ambition to revive the Han Dynasty, but he had more than enough heart and insufficient strength, and after losing Jingzhou, he suffered a fiasco at the Battle of Yiling, and finally died with hatred. It can be seen that Liu Bei in the painting has a depressed and tired look in his eyebrows, and there are attendants around him who are carefully supported, showing that he is physically and mentally exhausted after a lifetime of conquest.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yan Liben's maternal grandfather Yuwen Yong of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, also a man of great talent, regained power from his vassals and further unified the north. In order to highlight the majesty of this strongman, Yan Liben focused on portraying his fierce personality, and his eyes looked majestically ahead, with an invincible spirit.
On the contrary, most of the Emperors of the Chen Dynasty in the southern part of the Jiangsu Province lacked heroism, especially when painting Chen Shubao, the king of the Southern Chen Dynasty, Yan Liben painted him as a lewd state with sleeves to cover his mouth, with no god in both eyes and a relaxed posture, which showed the weakness and incompetence of Lord Chen Hou.
▲ The Four Emperors of the Chen Dynasty in Yan Liben's "Map of The Emperors of Past Dynasties"
The Sui Dynasty usurped the throne of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and unified the world, ending the nearly 300-year division between the north and the south, but quickly moving towards the fate of the fall of the country. Yan Liben was full of mixed emotions about the fleeting Sui Dynasty.
In the "Diagram of The Emperors of Past Dynasties", the Sui Emperor Yang Jian holds the handle of his sword and slowly moves forward, calculating and worrying, showing the difficulties of the Sui Dynasty at the beginning of the founding. The Sui Dynasty Emperor Yang Guang was a literary and artistic emperor with a "beautiful appearance", and he was also exaggerated, utopia, and absurd, and Yan Liben also truthfully portrayed his image and restored his "literary and artistic youth" side.
Over the centuries, the wind and clouds have changed, from a picture scroll.
▲ Emperor Wen of Sui in Yan Liben's "Map of The Emperors of Past Dynasties"
The time of history, frozen in Yan Liben's pen and ink, has a clear appearance.
In the fourteenth year of Tang Zhenguan (640), Tubo Zampu Songzan Gampo sent envoys to the court to propose marriage, requesting to marry a Tang princess into Tibet. Yan Liben's famous painting "Step Map" is a testimony to this historical event.
Unfolding the "Step Map", you can see a picture of the Tubo envoys visiting Tang Taizong:
On the right is the emperor surrounded by several palace women, he is handsome, solemn, looking ahead, next to the petite palace women or holding fans, or lifting, or tending to walk, showing the youth and beauty of tang dynasty girls.
On the left side of the picture, the three people stand respectfully to each other. One of them was wearing a big red robe, the introducing official of the ceremony, and next to him was a Tang Dynasty official in a white robe, who should be a translator. Standing in the middle was Lu Dongzan, an emissary sent by Tubo to seek affection.
Unlike the Tang Dynasty monarchs who looked at each other with a relaxed demeanor, Lu Dongzan's face was full of sorrow, as if he was afraid that he had missed the important event of Tubo Zangpu.
According to legend, Tang Taizong's "six trial marriage envoys", Lu Dongzan stood out and passed the layers of tests. When Emperor Taizong of Tang learned that Tubo did have admiration for The Tang, he gave princess Xu of Wencheng, who was both talented and beautiful, to Songzan Gampo.
▲ Yan Liben's "Step Map"
When Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, she brought a large number of skilled craftsmen and craft classics, and transported the advanced culture and technology of the Central Plains to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which was deeply loved by the Tibetan people.
During the Zhenguan period, in addition to Tubo, the surrounding ethnic minorities came to Beijing to pay tribute, and the grand situation was unprecedented, and the envoys of kangguo, anguo, Khotan, Gaochang, Yanqi, and Linyi came to see the court one after another and fell under the prestige of the "Heavenly Khan". Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, as an international metropolis with a population of one million in the world at that time, could see visitors of various nationalities and colors on every street.
Yan Liben's "Step Map" records the historical events of the Han and Tibetan families, and the "Gong Tu" passed down to him depicts the scene of various rare and exotic objects from a small nanyang country coming to Chang'an to pay tribute.
The team of foreign emissaries in the picture, barefoot and bare-chested, is very local, and the tributes they pay tribute to are also strange.
▲Yan Liben's "Gongtu"
In addition, even some of the lesser-known imperial secrets were painted by Yan Liben.
The "Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting Tu" written for Yan Liben tells the story of Tang Taizong's search for the authentic manuscript of the "Orchid Pavilion Preface".
Shi Zai, Tang Taizong loved calligraphy and painting, especially Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, but there was no "Orchid Pavilion Preface", so he sent people to search the world to ask for this book.
According to He Yanzhi's "Records of Lanting", Wang Xizhi's descendants passed on the "Orchid Pavilion Preface" as a family treasure, and when the seventh generation of descendants Wang Faji and his brother were involved in war, the two were defeated as monks and brought the "Orchid Pavilion Preface" to Shaoxing Yunmen Temple. Before Wang Faji (Fa Zhiyong) died, he passed on the true deeds to his disciple Jiecai.
After Li Shimin heard about it, he asked the debater to go to Beijing and entertain him, and after a few days, he inquired from him about the whereabouts of the book. The debater lived up to his trust, pretending that the real handiwork had long been unknown, and Li Shimin asked several times repeatedly, so he had to let him go back.
Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Yingming, speculated that the original manuscript of the Orchid Pavilion Preface should be at the place of debate, but he did not know how to seek it. At this time, Fang Xuanling, the prime minister, recommended a talent named Xiao Yi to him and asked him to outwit the Orchid Pavilion Preface.
After Xiao Yi received the order, he borrowed several calligraphy posters from Tang Taizong (the father and son of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi), dressed up as a scrawled scholar, and followed the merchant's ship south to the temple where the debater was located.
After chatting with Xiao Yi, the debater was very speculative, and the two became friends, playing the violin, throwing pots, and poetry together, and then talked about calligraphy and painting.
Seeing that the time was ripe, Xiao Yi took out the "Erwang" calligraphy poster borrowed from the emperor and gave it to the debater to watch, and the debater also relaxed his vigilance, took out the original manuscript of the Orchid Pavilion Preface, and conducted friendly academic exchanges with Xiao Yi.
After some time, the debater went out to the banquet, and Xiao Yi took the opportunity to enter his study and take away the original copy of the Orchid Pavilion Preface. After the debater returned, he finally knew the origin of the matter, but Xiao Yi had already taken the "Orchid Pavilion Preface" to Chang'an to resume his life.
Tang Taizong knew that his methods were disgraceful, and he also remembered that the debater was old, and did not pursue him for the crime of deceiving the king, and also rewarded him with some property, and the debater used this money to build a three-story pagoda.
▲ Yan Liben's "Xiao Yi Earn Lanting Map"
Yan Liben depicted this story in "Xiao Yi Earn Lan Ting Tu". In the picture, the monk Debater and the scholar Xiao Yi sat and cooked tea, talking and talking, and had a deep friendship, but they did not think that Xiao Yi came prepared with the emperor's secret order.
Later, the original manuscript of the "Orchid Pavilion Preface" was lost, and many people speculated that it should be buried in the Zhaoling Tomb accompanied by Tang Taizong.
Yang Yang Tang, prosperous Fanghua. The world pursues the glory of the Tang Dynasty and the glory of the world empire, but it is difficult to know what kind of picture it is. Yan Liben's self-doubting "uselessness" gives the most intuitive answer.
However, Yan Liben's identity as a painter has made many people have a grudge against him.
During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, Yan Liben succeeded his elder brother Yan Lide as Shangshu of the Ministry of Works, and later became the official to the right minister, and jumped from the rank of minister to the premier of the State Council. At that time, Zuo Xiang was a general with military merits, Jiang Ke, so some literati made up a sentence to slip through the mouth: "Left Xiang Xuanwei Desert, Right Xiang Chi Reputation Danqing." ”
At first glance, I thought that I was praising Yan Liben, but in fact I was satirizing Yan Liben, who was only good at painting and had no talent for Zaifu.
One year, there was a famine in Guanzhong, and the imperial court had to let the students of the Guozijian go home on vacation. One by one, these students were very "angry", and after going out, they spread this oil poem everywhere: "Left Phase Xuanwei Desert, Right Phase Chi Praise Danqing." The students of the third hall were scattered, and the five orders shi jingming. ”
This means that our left phase is a mighty desert general, the right phase is a well-known painter, the students of the three halls have been driven home, and the clerks of the three provinces, the six ministries, and the imperial history must also be familiar with the scriptures. The implication is that the person who paints is not worthy to be the prime minister.
The students admired the highly accomplished ministers, and they thought that Yan Liben, who was good at painting, was nothing more than a vain name.
The emperor reused him, the literati mocked him, but Yan Liben never defended himself.
Some people say that language will always become pale and weak when it is most needed. But silent hard work is destined to leave immortal achievements.
While Yan Liben carefully depicted the major events of the country that he personally experienced or witnessed, he worked tirelessly to deal with trivial official affairs and never failed to do the right thing.
While serving as an envoy to Henan Province (a commissioner sent by Tang Chu to inspect various places), Yan Liben met another misunderstood young man.
At that time, the young man had just entered his career and was conscientious, but he was falsely accused and imprisoned for the ulterior motives of the officials in his department.
Yan Liben attached great importance to this matter, personally responsible for the interrogation, and found that although the young man had not been in office for a long time, he had outstanding political achievements and high moral character, and the crime he had committed was purely false accusation.
Yan Liben examined the case file and always remembered the young man's name, Di Renjie.
After summoning Di Renjie, Yan Liben apologized to him on behalf of the local officials and praised him: "Confucius Ziyun: 'Seeing and knowing Renyi. 'Foot under the foot can be described as 'the pearl of the sea song, the treasure of the southeast'. ”
After rehabilitating Di Renjie, Yan Liben went to the imperial court and recommended that he be promoted and reused. It was with Yan Liben's insight that Di Renjie gradually emerged in the imperial officialdom and later became the mainstay of saving the Li Tang Dynasty.
▲ Portrait of Di Renjie
Yan Liben once ridiculed himself, so that future generations would no longer learn to paint.
However, when other high-ranking officials and magnates have long been reduced to a piece of loess, the works of Yan Liben, the "Prime Minister Painter", have become a symbol of the prosperity of Zhenguan and Yonghui, and have passed through more than a thousand years of wind and rain, such as the pulse of Datang culture, which is still beating actively.
Datang, with someone like Yan Liben, is really remarkable.
▲Tang Sancai. Image source: Photo Network
For thousands of years, not many dignitaries and dignitaries can make people remember names, but in the Tombs of the Tang Dynasty, those "Tang Sancai" fired by unknown craftsmen became handicrafts representing the Tang Dynasty, shining brilliant colors in the dust.
In the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, craftsmen and painters from all over the world passed through Kurama Lawton and carved eternal paintings on the side. Some painters from the folk and low social status can only live in the dark and damp caves all year round, and even leave their lives here, but their artistic achievements have achieved immortality in stone carvings and murals.
▲ Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Cave 45, a Buddha statue in the Tang Dynasty. Image source: Photo Network
Tang people Still Law, calligraphy for a while brilliant, there appeared Ouyang Qing, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and other people; Tang paintings are also colorful, with Wu Daozi who "Wu belt is the wind", Zhang Xuan and Zhou Fang, who are good at painting ladies, Li Sixun, Li Zhaodao, father and son who are good at painting landscapes, as well as Han Gan painting horses, Xue Ji painting cranes, and Han Zhuo painting cattle...
The Danqing pen and ink between the paper veils, such as the ancient rivers, will always be passed down.
▲ Han Gan's "Wrangling Map"
As the Chinese writer Liu Cixin said, "Give civilization to the years, not to the civilization." ”
What is Immortality?
This is immortality.
References: [Later Jin] Liu Xun: "Old Book of Tang", Zhonghua Bookstore, 1975 [Song] Ouyang Xiu, Song Qi: "New Book of Tang", Zhonghua Bookstore, 1975 Chen Shouxiang: "History of Sui and Tang Painting", People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 2000 Fan Bo: "Chinese Painting Art History and Character Volumes", Jiangxi Fine Arts Publishing House, 2008 Shen Wei: "Research", Zhejiang University Press, 2019