Hello everyone, I'm Lantai.
Lenin once said that the Tsarist Empire was a great prison for all ethnic groups in Russia, but in fact the Qing Dynasty was also a great prison for all ethnic groups in China, including of course the Manchus.
Many friends believe that the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty was a Manchu, so he was suspicious of the Han and reused the Manchus.
In fact, this is a fact, because the Yongzheng Emperor has said that he employs people under the same conditions: "the first clan room, the second Manchu, the Han army again, and finally the Han people." ”
However, this does not mean that the Qing emperor did not suspect the Manchus, and it can even be said that the Qing Emperor was more jealous of the Manchus than the Han Chinese.
Some friends will ask, you said that the Qing Emperor gave priority to reusing the Manchus, and said that the Qing Emperor was jealous of the Manchus? Isn't that contradictory?
This is not a contradiction.
The Qing emperor reused the Group of Eight Banners, but that did not mean that he was not jealous of individual ministers under the Eight Banners.
Even because the emperors of the Qing Dynasty despised the armed forces of the Han People, they were more suspicious of the able Manchu ministers in their hearts.
The Qing emperor's suspicion of the able Manchu ministers was not on the surface, and there was no so-called "workplace ceiling" for these ministers; the Qing emperor would use the method of manipulating the descendants of these capable Manchu ministers to weaken the influence of these individual Manchu families as much as possible.
Portrait of Ortai
Take the Manchu minister Ortai of the Yongzheng Dynasty, for example, Ortai was deeply trusted by the Yongzheng Emperor in the Yongzheng Dynasty, and the Yongzheng Emperor even said that Ortai was his confidant:
Looking at it with tears, Qing Is really a confidant of Yuan.
After the Qianlong Emperor ascended the throne, he also said that Ortai was the leader of the Manchu and Mongolian ministers of the Yongzheng Dynasty and a giant crocodile in the political arena:
Among them, the giants have been diligent and proclamated for a long time. At the beginning of the government, the prime minister was appointed, and the advisers were prepared to be left and right.
The Draft History of the Qing Dynasty also says that Ertai was one of Yongzheng's most trusted ministers:
Later, Ertai sent and sent to Xiangli. Shu Zheng Xiuju, Uchi Jun'an, Sui Nai was ordained, and he could be described as the weight of the extreme heart and stomach.
So, how did the Qing emperor manipulate Ortai's sons?
As we all know, Ortai's political legacy is mainly in the system of "civil officials", assuming that Ortai's son wants to inherit Ortai's political legacy, is it necessary to at least take the entrance examination?
In fact, Ortai's eldest son, Erong'an, himself was a jinshi in the eleventh year of Yongzheng, and in the eighth year of Qianlong, he also served as the overseer of the State Son. Of course, this should be a preferential treatment given to ortai face.
The Qianlong Emperor
However, as soon as Ortai died, Erong'an's preferential treatment was gone, first from the outside as an inspector, and then on the grounds that "Nian Li Fangsheng, brave and strong Xiaochang" was not a reason, he appointed Erong'an, a Manchu scholar, as a general of Dingxi, and as a result, he died on the battlefield in the twenty years of Qianlong. Eun Rong'an's wrist was weak and could not be lowered, so he ordered his servant to slash the blade in his abdomen, but died. ”
When the news of Erong'an's death reached Beijing, the Qianlong Emperor had to say something false."
To use one's talents is to fail
”。 Because the Qianlong Emperor sent a Manchu courtier who had no power to tie the chicken to the front line to fight, it was really outrageous.
However, on the other hand, once Eun Seol dies, there will be no one who can inherit Ortai's political legacy; because All of Ortai's other sons are military officials.
In the Qing Dynasty, the army system and the civilian system were completely two unsociable systems, and the eldest son who could best inherit Ortai's political legacy died on the front line, and the other sons were all military, which was equivalent to the complete dissipation of the political influence left by Ortai.
Let's take a look at Zhang Tingyu, a Han colleague of Ortai, Zhang Tingyu has been a civilian leader for three generations, Zhang Tingyu's father is Zhang Ying of the Kangxi Dynasty Wenhuadian University Scholar Ceremony Department, Zhang Tingyu himself is how prominent I will not say more, friends who have read the "Yongzheng Dynasty" know that Zhang Tingyu's sons are all from the Jinshi, and the concubine has also achieved the Libu Shangshu.
Let's look at Yin Jishan, another famous Manchu official of the Qianlong Dynasty, and I believe that people who have read Mr. February River's novels should not be unfamiliar with this name.
Qianlong
Yin Jishan was a very highly educated Manchu official, and like Erong'an, he was a serious scholar, successively serving as the governor of Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Liangjiang, and a scholar of Wenhuadian University and the head of the Hanlin Academy.
Especially during the term of governor of Liangjiang, Yin Jishan was the most satisfied governor of Liangjiang by the Qianlong Emperor, because his talent was indeed extraordinary, even if it was placed in Jiangnan, it was not inferior, and the Qianlong Emperor even personally praised Yin Jishan as a "reader of the Eight Banners".
However, Among Yin Jishan's sons, Qingyu, who was most similar to Yin Jishan's concubine, could no longer pass the jinshi after passing the examination, and later the highest only achieved the Hubei envoy (clan division) and returned to Beijing for recuperation due to illness.
On the contrary, Yin Jishan's fourth son Qinggui changed his martial post, but his career path was very smooth, and in the Jiaqing Dynasty, he also became a military minister and a scholar of Wenyuange University, and it should be known that Qinggui was a pure martial post.
The emperor of the Qing Dynasty used this kind of culture and martial arts to change back and not let any Manchu family "sit big".
Some people asked, what about Fu Huan and Fu Kang'an of the Qianlong Dynasty?
Fu Huan and Fu Kang'an were favored for two generations, and that was because the Qianlong Emperor was still alive and he was confident that he could control it.
As soon as the Qianlong Emperor died, Fu Kang'an's son was tortured by the Jiaqing Emperor in every way, much like the Qianlong Emperor tortured the second generation of Yi Prince Hongxiao; and almost none of Fu Huan's grandsons were used seriously, although Fu Huan's father and son were prominent in the Qianlong Dynasty for a while, but when they arrived in the Jiaqing Dynasty, they quickly fell silent.
In fact, the above is quite good, and what is even more tragic is the first fierce general of the Qianlong Dynasty, Hailancha.
As the Sauron horse armor (Sauron cavalry), Highlander can achieve first-class super bravery from a small soldier, which can be said to not make Di Qing comparable to the front.
However, because Hailancha was actually the first brave general of the Qianlong Dynasty, and had been in the army for nearly forty years, it can be said that the protégés were all over the army, and the Hailancha was a Solun, and the Solun people were the most important force in the Qing court in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, because Hailancha had too much influence in the army, and the result was that his heir, The concubine An Lu, was inexplicably killed in an ordinary battle against bandits in Jiaqing in four years.
After his death in battle, the Jiaqing Emperor also said in the edict that Hailancha had performed meritorious deeds during the imperial examination. Now that An Lufu arrived in the army, he was desperate to pursue the thief and die, and he should also be proud of having a son under the Nine Springs of Highland.
The most obvious manifestation of the Qing emperor's suspicion of the Manchu ministers was the killing of the Manchu minister Shengbao during the Taiping Rebellion.
In fact, during the Taiping Rebellion, there were many ministers who supported the army and respected themselves, and there were many ministers who violated the yin and yang of the imperial court, and Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang often did this kind of thing; even in the Second Opium War, in the face of the edict of Asking Zeng Guofan to lead the army to the north to serve the king, Zeng Guofan tried to prevaricate the past, and the Qing court did not do anything afterwards.
Shengbao's mistake was much lighter than Zeng Guofan's refusal to go north to serve the king, he just wanted to transfer Miao Peilin, who was appeased by him, to Xi'an to suppress the rebellion, and as a result, his attempt to "support the army and respect himself" violated the qing emperor's taboo, and as a result, he was put to death by the Qing emperor.
Really, isn't Katsuho's greatest sin being a Manchu and wanting to support the army and respect himself?
To sum up, the Qing emperor as a whole is of course suspicious of the Han people reusing the Eight Banners, which is not wrong; but specific to "people", the Qing Emperor instead trusted the Han ministers and suspected the Manchu ministers.
There are many civil officials in the three generations of Han ministers, such as Zhang Tingyu, Zeng Guofan, and Li Hongzhang, but among the Manchu ministers, there are not many civil officials of the three generations, that is, there are not many military officers of the three generations, and the Qing Emperor will never let any Manchu family easily expand its influence.
END