Pack up the earth, mountains and rivers, go to the rear, and say that the country is broken and the family is destroyed.
With a grudge, a majestic city, looking at the country and mountains unharmed, who knows me to go to other places one by one?
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Anti-War Exile Series
:(01) Anti-Japanese general Song Zheyuan
】
There are many bamboo in Sichuan. Mianyang, where I have worked, is full of bamboo forests, especially in Fule Mountain, known as "Maolin Bamboo Cultivation".
General Song Zheyuan Cemetery
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Mianyang was the headquarters of the National Sixth Lieutenant Colonel. In 2001, when I came to Mianyang to work, I began to collect historical information on people and events related to the National High School of the War of Resistance.
During this time, I often went to the Mianyang City Archives and chatted with elderly local people. Whenever people and things in Mianyang in Shandong were mentioned in the past, people would mostly mention General Song Zheyuan.
Song Zheyuan, a patriotic general of the Anti-Japanese War
Song Zheyuan, nicknamed Song Room and Mingxuan, was born in 1885 to a family of readers in Zhao Hongdu Village (now part of Leling City) in Leling County, Shandong Province.
Song Zheyuan's great-grandfather and grandfather were both Qing Dynasty students (Xiucai), and his father Song Pu was a junior of the Qing Dynasty Leling (a student who was given silver subsidies by the government, prefectures, and counties on time during the Ming and Qing dynasties), who was knowledgeable and famous for his talents, but because his teacher was imprisoned by words, he could not become an official for life.
Song Zheyuan's mother, Shen Shi, was very virtuous and gave birth to three song zheyuan brothers (the second brother Song Chunyuan, the third brother Song Zhiyuan) and two younger sisters (the eldest sister Song Shuzhen, the second sister Song Shuzhen). A family of seven, coupled with the fact that his father has been studying since he was a child, can not do farm work, resulting in a very difficult family situation.
Despite his family's poverty, under the influence of his father, Song Zheyuan loved to read since childhood.
In 1907, Song Zheyuan joined the army, and soon after he was admitted to the Beiyang Army's Battalion Martial Arts Academy, after graduation, he served in the troops under Feng Yuxiang, successively serving as a sentry commander (the commander in charge of the sentry patrol in the old army), a company commander, a battalion commander, and a regimental commander. In 1922, Song Zheyuan participated in the Zhifeng War and was promoted to brigade commander of the 25th Mixed Brigade, one of the famous Five Tiger Generals of the Northwest Army.
Song Zheyuan during the warlord war
On October 23, 1924, after Feng Yuxiang launched the Beijing coup d'état, he reorganized his troops into the Nationalist Army, and Song Zheyuan served as the commander of the First Division of the First Army of the Nationalist Army. After the "Wuyuan Oath Division" (September 17, 1926, in the county seat of Wuyuan County in the present-day Bayannaoer League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Song Zheyuan led his troops to participate in the Northern Expedition.
In 1927, after the victory of the Northern Expedition, Song Zheyuan was promoted to chairman of the Shaanxi Provincial Government because of his bravery and meritorious service in battle. The Battle of the Central Plains in 1930 ended with the defeat of Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan, and Song Zheyuan was reorganized into the Third Army by Zhang Xueliang and incorporated into the Northeast Army. In June 1931, Song Zheyuan's troops were reorganized into the 29th Army of the National Revolutionary Army and served as its commander.
After the outbreak of the "918 Incident", General Song Zheyuan sent an anti-Japanese telegram to the whole country: "Zheyuan and others belong to the military, and the responsibility lies in protecting the country." Respectfully lead the pillow to be on standby, rather than be a ghost of war, not to be a slave to the country, to struggle and sacrifice, and to swear shame on the snow country. ”
On January 2, 1933, the Japanese captured Shanhaiguan. On February 22 of the same year, the four divisions of the Japanese Kou combined with the puppet Manchukuo army totaling more than 100,000 people and attacked rehe in three ways. On March 8, Song Zheyuan was ordered by Zhang Xueliang to take over the front-line position of xifengkou on the Great Wall.
In the area around the Great Wall and Luo Wenyu, Song Zheyuan ordered the officers and men of the Twenty-ninth Army:
"There are thieves without me, there are me without thieves, and non-thieves kill me, that is, I kill thieves."
”
The officers and men immediately fought a bloody battle with the Japanese army with a large knife with a desperate spirit.
In this battle, the Twenty-ninth Army annihilated more than 5,000 Japanese Kou, including enemy commanders.
After this, a folk song was spread around Pingjin:
"The palms of the hands, the back of the hands, the wolf heart and the dog lungs, the little Japanese are most afraid of the big knife team."
。 ”
So that the Invading Japanese Army slept at night, and many people wore an iron guard around their necks to prevent their heads from being cut off by the officers and men of the Twenty-ninth Army.
The great victory at the mouth of xifeng shook the whole country. Mao Zedong praised him in a letter to Song Zheyuan:
“
Mr. Yin resisted Japan, Yu Sheng admired, The Japanese entered the customs, Mr. Struggled to the frontier, insulted the emperor, the voice of righteousness was broadcast, and the Chinese and foreign countries were both qin.
Song Zheyuan's battlefield handwriting
In 1935, General Song Zheyuan was awarded the rank of second-class general of the Army, and served as the commander of the Pingjin Garrison, the director of jicha appeasement, the chairman of the jicha political affairs committee and the chairman of the Hebei provincial government.
In June 1937, the Japanese garrison in Pingjin was fierce, often provoking the Chinese army, and the officers and men of the Twenty-ninth Army commanded by Song Zheyuan were tit-for-tat.
During an exercise between Chinese and Japanese troops, the Japanese suddenly rushed into the queue of the machine gun company of the 217th Regiment of the 109th Brigade of the 37th Division of the 29th Army. The company commander of the machine gun company shouted, "Get on the bayonet!" ”
The officers and men of the three platoons raised their white bayonets " with a "bang." The Japanese army had learned the strength of the large knives of the officers and men of the Twenty-ninth Army in the Battle of Xifengkou, so they had to leave in sorrow.
On the afternoon of July 7, 1937, the "Lugou Bridge Incident" broke out. At that time, Song Zheyuan was in his hometown of Leling, Shandong, and when he learned of the report of the "Lugou Bridge Incident," he immediately sent a telegram to the troops: "Extinguish the current enemy."
At the Lugou Bridge in Wanping City, the officers and men of the Twenty-ninth Army fired the first shot of China's all-out War of Resistance.
On the evening of July 26, Kiyoshi Kazuki, commander of the Japanese Chinese garrison in Tun, issued an ultimatum to Song Zheyuan: the 29th Army was limited to withdrawing from Peiping before noon on the 27th. Although Song Zheyuan sternly refused, he also understood that the great war was coming. Therefore, Song Zheyuan urgently convened a military conference on the same day to prepare for an attack on the Japanese army on August 1.
Unexpectedly, the Japanese took the lead and launched a full-line attack in the early morning of July 28. The Twenty-ninth Army rushed to battle, the deputy commander Tong Linge and the division commander Zhao Dengyu were killed, and the direct subordinate units of the army and the 132nd Division were defeated. After the loss of Nanyuan, Song Zheyuan took Chiang Kai-shek's order to retreat to Baoding, and Pingjin completely fell into the hands of the Japanese army.
In March 1938, Song Zheyuan, then commander-in-chief of the First Army (expansion of the Twenty-ninth Army), commanded troops to counterattack the Japanese Kou in Handan, Hebei Province, and was transferred to the deputy commander of the First Theater. At this time, Song Zheyuan, suffering from liver disease due to years of conquest, came to Hankou in Hubei to recuperate, and resigned at the end of that year to concentrate on treatment.
Song Zheyuan and subordinates
In the spring of 1940, the National Sixth High School, which was trapped in a "spring famine" due to financial constraints, received a donation of 5,000 oceans, and it was Song Zheyuan who donated this heavy amount of money.
In March of that year, Song Zheyuan, who was recuperating from illness, traveled to Hengshan in Hunan, Yangshuo in Guangxi, and Guanxian County in Sichuan (present-day Dujiangyan City) to Mianyang.
Mianyang, located in northern Sichuan, is the hometown of Chang Shuqing, the wife of Song Zheyuan. Chang Shuqing's father was
The steward of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the late Qing Dynasty, who lost his wife at an early age,
Chang Shuqing was him
The only daughter.
In 1913, he became the sentry chief
Song Zheyuan was stationed with his troops in Beiping, and was introduced by people
18 years old
Chang Shuqing met.
Chang Shuqing's father learned that Song Zheyuan not only sent most of his military salaries back to his hometown in Leling, Shandong Province, to honor his parents and receive younger brothers and sisters, but also to be honest and loyal and liked to read, so he personally went to the military camp to talk to Song Zheyuan for a long time. After a thorough investigation, he said to the introducer: "Although this man is extremely poor, he will have a future in the future, and he is willing to give his daughter to him." ”
In 1915,
After Song Zheyuan and Chang Shuqing fell in love for nearly two years,
He entered Sichuan with his troops and stationed in Guangyuan, Mianyang and other places in Sichuan. January 1916,
Chang Shuqing
Accompanied by his father himself, from Beiping to the south to Mianyang and
Song Zheyuan
get married.
The wedding venue was chosen in the old city of Mianyang
Majia Lane Wen Mansion.
The Wen Mansion was built by Wen Qi (知州, equivalent to Zhi County) in Mianzhou (present-day Mianyang) during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. Wen Qi and his grandfather, father and great-grandchildren have been in charge of Mianzhou for three generations, and he has left two things to his descendants, one is the "Jiaqing Mianzhou Chronicle", which is the most systematic, detailed and comprehensive historical document of Mianyang in the Qing Dynasty;
Wen Mansion, until the early Republic of China, Wen Mansion is still one of the best buildings in Mianyang.
Wen Mansion three into the courtyard, very spacious,
Song Zheyuan and Chang Shuqing's new house was arranged on the side of the mansion
In the box.
Chang Shuqing's father, with a deep foundation in writing, personally wrote for his beloved daughter-in-law
A picture of Xi Lian, hanging on both sides of the door of the cave room: "Thrush anecdotes passed on Jing Zhao, and the east bed of tan belly was intended to be the right army." ”
The wedding ceremony was presided over by the brigade commander Feng Yuxiang, who came to congratulate the officers and men of the barracks and the local sages, and although the cave was small, it was very lively, which became a good story widely praised in Mianyang at that time.
This time, Song Zheyuan came to Mianyang to live in the Yong'an apartment on Yanshi Street. On the third day, he took his wife Chang Shuqing to the Majia Lane Wen Mansion in a rickshaw.
Li Lian, the landlord at that time, was the grandson of Wen Qi and a well-known local old Chinese medicine doctor, and he saw at a glance that Song Zheyuan's yuan qi was not good, so he immediately prescribed a medicine and quietly said to Wang Guihai, Song Zheyuan's entourage aide-de-camp: "The general's condition is very serious, and I am afraid that the medicine stone can not work." ”
As soon as the news of Song Zheyuan's recuperation in Mianyang due to illness spread, local officials and former friends visited the Yong'an apartment, including Ge Weidi, a fellow villager in Shandong and then the principal of the National Sixth Middle School (Rizhao, Shandong, graduated from the law department of Peking University, and the former chief of the second section of the Shandong Provincial Department of Education) before the outbreak of the War of Resistance).
In a conversation with Ge Weidi, Song Zheyuan learned that the National Sixth Middle School, which had moved inland to Mianyang, was in difficulty in funding, so he generously donated money and gave financial support, which was the cause of the previous Wen National Sixth Middle School receiving 5,000 oceans from Song Zheyuan.
These 5,000 oceans are Song Zheyuan's last donation to the country's education. Previously, the house he built in Yangshuo, Guangxi Province, was donated to Yangshuo Middle School, and the Bo'ai Mountain Villa built in Guanxian County, Sichuan Province, was also donated to Guanxian Junior High School.
Mianyang is the place where Song Zheyuan once stationed, but also the place where he was happily married, revisiting the place, the mood is naturally very happy, and his condition has not improved, although his wife Chang Shuqing invited two American doctors from Chengdu for treatment, but there is still no surgery.
General Song Zheyuan's Bade Pavilion
At noon on April 5, Song Zheyuan, a famous anti-Japanese patriotic general, passed away at the age of 56.
The stars will fall, and the whole nation will mourn. The National Government ordered the payment of 5,000 yuan for funeral expenses, the declaration of his life deeds to the History Museum, and the posthumous gift of a first-class general. The kuomintang and the communist parties and song Zheyuan's subordinates sent 592 pairs of salutations and 71 paintings.
Chiang Kai-shek sent the link:
Pillars stand in the middle of the stream, and finally the mighty ridge is intimidated; the stars are cold and cold, and they can't bear the pain of Yuanliang
。
Zhou Enlai's gift of the link is:
The lost land has not been recovered, and the tiger will shine on the Moon of Lu Gou; Mianyang cannot be frightened, and the sound of the crane breaks through the Spring of the Jinjiang River.
His generals Liu Ruming, Feng Zhi'an, and Zhang Zizhong's tributes were:
Lead the whole army to weep our father, although dead and alive, dare to carry on the ambition of the Guardian Society;
Feeling that you have repaid the motherland, this life is still there, never
Rich and noble
Life exists.
Mrs. Chang Shuqing's tie is particularly eye-catching:
North China resists the enemy, North China folds and rushes, often remembers the old mother of decline, and feels nostalgic for the heart;
Mianyang got married, Mianyang died goodbye, left these little children, and cried every inch of his liver and intestines
There is a local Mianyang man named Wu Kezhuang, who has several acres of feng shui treasure land in Fule Mountain, and because he admires Song Zheyuan's feats of the War of Resistance, he expresses his willingness to take it out for General Song Zheyuan to rest for a long time. The local commissioner (Zhong Tidao) and the county magistrate (Guo Yong) also believed that General Song Zheyuan was "buried here with loyal bones and mountains and rivers", so the government funded the purchase of a cemetery for Song Zheyuan at Fule Mountain.
Tomb of General Song Zheyuan
General Song Zheyuan's mausoleum is located under the Baogai Peak of Fule Mountain, sitting north to south, facing the mountain, with an elegant environment, and has now been listed as a patriotic education base by the Mianyang Municipal Government.
Entering the cemetery, the first thing that catches your eye are the rare treasures in the garden: the "Three Absolute Monuments" that combine li, Kai, and cursive writing, that is, Feng Yuxiang's "Former Admiral Song GongZheyuan's Shinto Monument", Shen Yinmo's Commendation And Compassionate Order on the Shadow side of the Shinto Monument, and Yu Ren's posthumous first-class general order in cursive writing on the left and right sides of the Shinto Monument.
There is a more touching place in the cemetery, but it has disappeared for many years. Originally, there were three grass huts on the right side of Song Zheyuan's tomb, which were the residence of Wang Guihai, Song Zheyuan's retinue during his lifetime. Wang Guihai guarded the tomb of General Song Zheyuan for 19 years until his death in 1959.
Guarding the tomb for General Song Zheyuan were also students from the Fifth Branch of the National Sixth Middle School. In the spring of 1939, the National Sixth High School moved to Mianyang. At that time, the Ministry of Education of the National Government gave the National Sixth Middle School a school headquarters and four branches. In addition to the first branch of Zitong, the second branch of Deyang, and the fourth branch of Luojiang, the headquarters and the third branch are in Mianyang City.
After the National Sixth Middle School moved to Mianyang, infectious diseases such as dysentery, scabies, malaria and tuberculosis were rampant in the school due to soil and water incompatibility, malnutrition, and tuberculosis, especially tuberculosis was an incurable disease at that time, and once it suffered from either death, it would die.
After General Song Zheyuan died of illness and buried FuleShan, the students who died of illness at the headquarters of the National Sixth Lieutenant General School and the Third Branch School were buried around the tomb of Song Zheyuan and named the Fifth Branch of the National Sixth Middle School. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, most of the national secondary schools had a branch school dedicated to burying exiled students who died of their own causes, which was unprecedented in the history of Education in China.
General Song Zheyuan swore before his death: "I would rather be a ghost in battle than a slave to the country!" ”
Song Zheyuan, Zhang Zizhong (left) and Chiang Kai-shek
The day before his death (April 4, 1940), Song Zheyuan, who was already dying, still remembered the War of Resistance, and when he was temporarily sober, he left this last word: "I hope that when I return the rivers and mountains, someone will tell me about the wine, then although Zheyuan died, he will be born." ”
In 2005, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Sun Jingsheng, the captain of the machine gun company of the 217th Regiment of the 109th Brigade of the 37th Division of the 29th Army, although he was 91 years old, still remembered the strict management of the army by the veteran commander Song Zheyuan.
"These diets, the people's supplies, we should, work for the people, imperialism, the enemy of our generation, save the country and save the people, my generation's duty..." This song must be sung by the officers and men of the Twenty-ninth Army every day before eating, even on the battlefield.
After the "Lugou Bridge Incident," the Twenty-ninth Army stationed in Nanyuan was forced to cut down the sorghum in the farmland near the camp in order to build a temporary trench on the edge of the camp.
At that time, the Twenty-ninth Army compiled more than a dozen songs, such as "Eight German Army Songs", "Repentance Songs", "Shooting Military Discipline Songs", "Use of Features", "Marching Songs", "Standing Whistle Songs", "Eating Songs", "National Shame Songs", "Sleeping Songs", "Getting Up Songs" and so on. Most of these songs are based on the theme of promoting national righteousness.
Such as "Getting Up Song": The night has passed and the sky is broken, the sunrise rises early, the national shame must not be forgotten, and in the future, the academic training will be high, and the rejuvenation of the nation will be heroic.
Such as "Sleep Song": Today's work is over again, go to sleep safely and happily. There are many foreign victims, lying on the back, everyone cheers up, works hard, not be lazy, save the Republic of China.
Elder Sun Jingsheng said that "National Shame Song" is the most unforgettable. September 18 is the "National Shame Day", the Twenty-ninth Army clearly stipulates that on this day every year, all the generals of the army, from the commander down to the ordinary soldiers, will eat only one meal, each of them will have a steamed bun, and the four big black characters of "Don't Forget the National Shame" are clearly printed on it.
After receiving the steamed buns, the officers and men should have a fixed dialogue with fixed content.
The officer asked, "Which country is the northeast?" ”
The soldier replied, "It's ours!" ”
The officer asked, "Do you hate the three eastern provinces that have been occupied by the Japanese?" ”
The soldier replied, "I hate it!" ”
The officer asked, "Our country is dying, are you not alert?" ”
The soldier replied, "We have already woken up!" ”
The officer asked, "What should you do?" ”
The soldier replied: "We must unite and fight together!" ”
General Song Zheyuan also often went down to the army and talked with grass-roots soldiers. Elder Sun Jingzhi remembers very clearly this conversation between Commander Song Zheyuan and the soldiers:
Song Zheyuan asked, "Are you a recruit or a veteran?" ”
The soldier replied, "Recruit! ”
Song Zheyuan asked:
"Who are we most afraid of?"
The soldier replied:
People!
Song Zheyuan asked:
Who are we least afraid of?
Japanese!
In July 2010, Sun Jingzhi, a veteran of the Anti-Japanese War who personally experienced the "Lugou Bridge Incident", died in Tianjin. It was also in the summer of that year that I came to Mianyang again.
Mianyang has the reputation of the mainland's "Western Silicon Valley" and is the only science and technology city in China approved by the State Council, and its changes can be described as rapid change. In my eyes, Mianyang, which has been separated for 8 years, seems to have not changed in the only places that have not changed is the cemetery of General Song Zheyuan and Majia Lane.
On the eve of leaving Mianyang, I came to Majia Lane.
Mianyang Majia Lane
Majia Lane is about 300 meters long and only 6 meters wide at its widest point, which used to be the residence of gentlemen and eunuchs, and the rich merchants and merchants frequently came and went. Nowadays, almost all the old alleys in Mianyang City have been transformed, and only the Majia Alley, where General Song Zheyuan once lived, is still preserved, becoming an old alley that cannot be copied in Mianyang.
Strolling through the ancient alley, when I walked to the door of a video store, I came to the familiar "Out of the Plug":
Please sing for me a song out of the plug, in the old language that has been forgotten;
Please call softly with that beautiful vibrato, the great rivers and mountains in my heart...
If you don't like to listen, it's because there's no desire for you in the song.
And we always have to sing and sing...
Heroes ride strong horses,
Ride a horse back to your hometown!
I don't know when I will be able to return to Mianyang, where I dream of night thinking, and once again pay homage to the patriotic anti-Japanese general- General Song Zheyuan!
With this article, I would like to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the death of Song Zheyuan!
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