In the previous article, the author and you talked about a series of stories about the adjustment of the division between Hebei Province and Liaoning Province, and today, the author talked to you about Qingyun County and Ningjin County in Shandong Province, which were once divided into Hebei Province for 13 years. However, 13 years later, it was reassigned to the management of Shandong Province. So, why did Ningjin County and Qingyun County leave Jiguilu? Today, we're going to talk about that. Among them, there have been several stages of change.
First of all, let's talk about the basic situation of Hebei Province and Shandong Province. Both provinces are northern provinces of the mainland and both are coastal provinces. Shandong Province and Hebei Province are the most populous and grain provinces in the mainland, with a total population of 101 million people, ranking second in the country. The total population of Hebei Province is more than 70 million, ranking 6th in the country. Both provinces have very high grain production and belong to one of the main grain producing areas on the mainland. The border area between the two provinces is very distinctive, basically bounded by the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.
Speaking of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, we have to mention the Sui Emperor. In 589, after the Sui Dynasty unified the world, how to connect the north and south has always been a big problem. Relying on traditional land transport is not only very inefficient, but also the volume of transportation is not large. After the Sui Dynasty Emperor ascended the throne, he devoted his efforts to excavating the famous Grand Canal. With Luoyang as the core, the Grand Canal connects the north China and Jiangnan regions of the mainland. After this, grain and porcelain from the Jiangnan region were continuously transported to the north.
At the same time, horses and various specialties from the north can also be transported in large quantities to various parts of the south. Although the Sui Dynasty did not exist for a long time, the role of the Grand Canal has continued to this day. Due to the weather, river channels and many other reasons, at the end of the Tang Dynasty's rule, the river channel to Luoyang was no longer available. Kaifeng replaced Luoyang as a transit center, establishing Kaifeng's position during the Song Dynasty. In 1279, after the Yuan Dynasty unified the whole country, the capital was set as the capital of Yuan Dadu. The Grand Canal continues to transit through Henan, but it is willing to seek far and near.
The Yuan Dynasty adjusted the waterway of the Grand Canal, and the Grand Canal began to enter the territory of Hebei and Shandong directly from Jiangsu, and no longer passed through Henan Province. As for the division of the provinces, it was gradually formed in the Ming and Qing dynasties. For the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Grand Canal was of great importance, and the Qing Dynasty also set up a special governor of Caoyun. In the mid-17th century, the Qing Dynasty gradually eliminated the peasant rebels and the Southern Ming regime in various places, and established its rule over the whole country. According to its own needs, the Qing Dynasty adjusted the division of provinces, and finally, established the pattern of 18 provinces.
In the province directly under the province, the Qing Dynasty established 12 provinces and 6 prefectures directly under the prefecture, namely: Shuntianfu, Baodingfu, TianjinFu, Zhengdingfu, Damingfu, Shundefu, Guangpingfu, Hejianfu, Chengdefu, Chaoyangfu, Xuanhuafu, Yongpingfu, Zunhuazhou, Yizhou, Jizhou, Zhaozhou, Shenzhou, and Dingzhou. At the same time, Shandong Province was divided into 10 provinces, namely: Jinan Province, Yanzhou Province, Dongchang Province, Qingzhou Province, Dengzhou Province, Laizhou Province, Wuding Province, Yizhou Province, Tai'an Province, and Caozhou Province.
Since the late period of Qing dynasty rule, due to the destruction of war and the diversion of the Yellow River, the channel of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has been fragmented. At the same time, the Western powers launched a series of wars against the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty had to pay compensation for the land. At this time, the Qing Dynasty was unable to maintain and repair the Grand Canal, and by the end of the Qing Dynasty's rule, the Grand Canal was even basically paralyzed. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty began the famous Cao grain shipping. In 1912, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the mainland entered a complex situation of warlord chaos.
In 1928, zhili province was renamed Hebei Province. As various warlords attacked each other, it caused serious damage to the local economies. The warlords were so busy fighting for territory that they didn't care about the Grand Canal. During the wars of the 1930s and 1940s, it was even more impossible to govern the Grand Canal. In 1949, after the founding of New China, the mainland entered the stage of post-war reconstruction, resumption of production, and economic development. The work of harnessing the Yellow River, the Grand Canal, and Hongze Lake has begun to be put on the agenda one after another.
The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal passes through Shandong Province and Hebei Province, and there is a situation of staggered teeth on both sides of the Grand Canal. From the perspective of managing the Grand Canal, these areas are under the management of two provinces, which is not conducive to the deployment of manpower and material resources in all aspects. In 1952, five counties in Hebei Province, including EnXian County, Xiajin County, Wucheng County, and Guantao County, were placed under the administration of Shandong Province.
In order to make up for the losses of Hebei Province, Shandong Province has placed six counties, including Wuqiao County, Dongguang County, Nanpi County, Yanshan County, Qingyun County, and Ningjin County, under the administration of Hebei Province. In fact, such situations abounded in the large-scale projects of the 50s. For example, in the subsequent process of harnessing Hongze Lake, in order to better manage Hongze Lake, Anhui Province put its Own Sihong County and Xuyi County under the administration of Jiangsu Province. In order to compensate for the losses of Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province placed its own Xiao County and Yanshan County under the administration of Anhui Province.
At the same time, Henan Province and Shandong Province, Henan Province and Hebei Province have also carried out similar "land exchange" divisions. Thirteen years after the "land exchange" between Hebei Province and Shandong Province, in 1965, the second phase of the Grand Canal began. Due to the need for river channel changes, the two sides carried out a second round of "land change." "Hebei Province has placed its own Qingyun County and Ningjin County under the administration of Shandong Province. In fact, these two counties were originally assigned to Hebei Province 13 years ago, and 13 years after leaving Hebei to return to Lu, it is equivalent to returning things to their original owners.
In order to make up for the losses of Hebei Province, Hebei Province put its own Guantao County, as well as the townships of Jianzuka, Lüzhai, Laoguanzhai, Xiabao Temple, and Tongcun in Linqing, under the administration of Hebei Province. A very interesting situation has emerged, Guantao County was originally assigned to Shandong Province 13 years ago, and this time it left Lu to return to Ji, and it was also returned to the original owner. These townships in Hebei Province, which Linqing incorporated, formed Linxi County because they were west of the main urban area of Linqing. Linxi County and Linqing County-level cities are separated by only a grand canal, and the relationship between the two sides is very close.
The two sides were originally "one family," and many relatives lived across the Grand Canal. The only difference is that Linxi County, which belongs to Xingtai City, Hebei Province, and Linqing County-level City, belongs to Liaocheng City, Shandong Province. In the 1950s, due to various large-scale projects, most provinces on the mainland had zoning adjustments. For example, the regional changes in Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province are closely related to Panzhihua City and Shuifu City.
There are many more stories about the adjustment of the various regions of the mainland, and the author will talk to you slowly in future articles.