Most of the Ming Dynasty inherited the political system of the Yuan Dynasty, but such organizations as the Jinyi Wei were not available in the Yuan Dynasty.
This must start from the character of Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, a man of great talent, good knowledge, thriftiness, and tenacity. These are all advantages, and the shortcomings of Taizu's personality are not many, that is, they are suspicious of the wolf in the use of people. Knowing people and being suspicious of wolves seem to be contradictory, but in fact, it is not, for ordinary people, these two contradictory personalities cannot coexist.
But Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, yes!
For example, the use of Talents such as Liu Ji, Xu Shanchang, Xu Da, Tang He, Hu Weiyong, and Lan Yu is not to give them sufficient power to gallop and promote their achievements. But in the end, how many people can escape the butcher knife he raised?
He is a pragmatist, as long as it is useful, first use it and then doubt it, use it while doubting it, and discard it when it is doubtful. Emperors of the past, who does not want to pass on the throne for thousands of generations? But no one can design it, like JinyiWei, a genius organization that collects bags to inquire, stare behind, and exceed the law. (Taizu's political and military design ability is super strong, and the design of taxes and health centers is extremely wonderful and beautiful)
"Hu Weiyong Case"
Later (The last prime minister in China), Taizu took advantage of the situation to abolish the xiang power of Zhongshu Province, and in order to fill the lack of restraint of the six ministries and local officials, it was necessary to control the private dynamics of the hundred officials.
So, the existence of phase power is conducive to controlling officials, why is it canceled?
Because xiangquan has a characteristic, it will compete with the imperial power for power and profit, and it is easy to confront and transgress. In short, Zhu is suspicious of good power and will be abolished. But what about the lack of control? Just organize the Jinyi Guard outside the law to make up for it.
What is an extrajudicial organization? The structure of the Daming government included the Punishment Department, the Metropolitan Inspection Yuan, the Dali Temple (three legal divisions), a complete set of public procuratorial and legal institutions, and also set up six sections that could be used to give officials such as Shizhong and Yushi to visit the hundred officials. According to normal needs, it is sound enough.
But Old Zhu was suspicious and cunning, and he knew that people's public and private deeds could be completely separated. I think it is really right, the majority of the people in the country, who does not mix the official field so duplicitously.
Perhaps, you go up to the mountain and shout long live, and when you go down, you will scold and grin; perhaps, you are calm in front of people, and men dress up as women after people. Therefore, as an emperor, we must always know your private movements, and then compare it with your public performance to see if the public and private are consistent, and whether words and deeds are consistent. Inconsistent, inconsistent, if the threat of imperial power, in time to prevent and replace you.
Thus independent of the government and the law, the royal private secret service law enforcement agency, Jinyiwei, was born.
In order to seek the power of the imperial power to suppress the government, Taizu gave Jinyi Wei zai
"Straight Driver Guard"
In addition to normal authority, a private power that overrides public power -
"Patrolling and Arresting"
right.
"Fifteen years of boycott of the government and the division, the establishment of the Golden Guard." It belongs to the fourteen offices of the North and South Town Comfort Division, and the generals and soldiers are subordinated
The lieutenant, who is in charge of the guards, patrols and arrests. --History of the Ming Dynasty.
Such transcendence of the law is unprecedented even in thousands of years of feudal society.
Jinyiwei set up the South and North Town Fusi, and the South Town Fusi was in charge of the crimes and equipment within the Jinyiwei, and the focus was on the North Town Fusi, which had jurisdiction over the prison. For the six ministries and local governments, the power of investigation, surveillance, arrest, trial and punishment is exercised without any evidence, and the three legal departments do not need to be questioned and supervised.
The transcendent dharma is here. In fact, with such a reform, the Jinyi guards have transformed from royal honor guards and guards into the emperor's private police, judges, and spies.
But after all, at this time, it was not yet the Yongle Dynasty or the Chenghua Dynasty, nor was it the Zhengde Dynasty, and the power of eunuchs had not yet participated in the private power of the royal family. Therefore, the East Factory, the West Factory, and the Inner Factory, which are private secret service organizations with greater private power and more severe disasters, have not yet appeared.
Moreover, because Lao Zhu also adhered to the mentality of using it well and discarding it when it was finished, Jinyi Wei also did his job as a royal honor guard. In order to reflect the majesty and magnificence of the royal honor guard, the dress of the Jinyi guards is very magnificent and soft, and the Jinyi guards wear exquisite python costumes, flying fish costumes, and bullfighting clothes, with light and narrow, elegant and feminine embroidered spring knives, and the waist is suspended from the double-sided seal"
Guard", "Ride"
The gold medal.
Gold medals, flying fish suits, embroidered spring knives, known as the formal dress of the Jinyi Guard. When performing the task of bag inquiry and staring behind the scenes, formal attire is not required. Because the execution is either lurking in the house to do things, or civilian clothes are stalking and pursuing.
In order to distinguish it from the other yamen in their official duties, the Jinyi guards attacked and called
"Ti Ride"
。 The generally dressed guard appeared in front of the official, and the official even if he had completed his career in advance, or had no way to live.
Later, Taizu also realized that in the process of Jinyiwei's performance of his royal private rights, there were abuses of power, excessive lynching, and excessive encroachment on public power. Looking around at the Manchu Dynasty's civil and military officials, all of whom were already in danger and extremely panicked, they issued an edict to abandon the use of mianyi guards, and all the unresolved cases and criminals in the prison were transferred to the "Three Laws Division" and dealt with according to the Ming Law.
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