51. Ovid
Biography: Ovid (20–17 March 43 BC), roman poet. He was one of the most influential poets of ancient Rome. In medieval times, the second most famous person to Virgil was Ovid. In fact, in the eyes of the more secular, Ovid is number one. He was already the first in the 12th century, because the 12th century, which was immediately followed by Carolingian's "Virgil era", was the "Ovid era"
Major works: representative works "Metamorphosis", "The Art of Love" and "Three Treatises on Love".
52 Hermann Hesse
Biography: Hermann Hesse, German writer and poet. Hesse received a variety of literary honors during his lifetime, notably the Vontainer Prize, the Nobel Prize, and the Goethe Prize. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1946.
Major works: The main works are "Peter Carmenqing", "Steppenwolf", "Journey to the East", "Glass Ball Game" and so on.
53. William Butler Yeats
Biography: William Butler Yeats (June 13, 1865 – January 28, 1939), also translated as "Yeats" and "Yates". Irish poet, playwright and essayist, famous mystic, leader of the "Irish Renaissance Movement" and one of the founders of the Abbey Theatre. Influenced by Romanticism, Aestheticism, Mysticism, Symbolism and Metaphysics, Yeats's poetry evolved into its distinctive style. Yeats's art represents the epitome of the transition of the English language from tradition to modernity. In Yeats's body, we can see Dante's "Divine Comedy", Goethe's "Faust", shakespeare's tragedy shown in the pursuit of truth and unremitting efforts for the pursuit of truth.
Major works: Yeats's works include the poetry collections "Poetry Collection", "Mysterious Rose" and "Wind Between the Reeds". His early poems were mostly based on native Irish legends and ballads. In particular, his collections such as The Wind Between the Reeds are still being recited by countless readers around the world.
54. Alexander Pushkin
Profile: Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin is a famous Russian writer, the greatest poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. Pushkin was also hailed by Gorky as "the beginning of everything." Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin is known as the "father of Russian literature", who continued to carry forward the fine traditions of ancient Russian literature while continuing to promote it. In Russian literature, he gained the dominant position for realism, thus influencing the realist literary wave of the 19th century.
Major works: The first collection of poems, The Collected Poems of Alexander Pushkin; Poem "Ode to Freedom", poem "Village". The first long poem " Ruslan and Lyudmila " , the long poem " The Prisoner of the Caucasus " . The short poem "If Life Deceives You.". The poetic novel "Evgeny Onegin", the long poem "The Bronze Knight", the novel "The Captain's Daughter". On 10 February 1837, he died of his wounds in a duel.
55. Scott Fitzgerald
Biography: Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940), one of the most prominent American writers of the twentieth century. The advent of The Great Gatsby established his place in the history of modern American literature, becoming a spokesman for the "Jazz Age" of the 1920s and one of the representative writers of the "Lost Generation". After Fizgerald became famous, he continued to work diligently, but after marriage, his wife paid attention to pomp and circumstance, and later became insane and profligate, which brought him great pain. He was unable to make ends meet financially, and at one point went to Hollywood to write scripts to earn a living. In 1936, he unfortunately contracted lung disease, and his wife was ill again, making it almost impossible for him to create, and his spirit was on the verge of collapse, and he drank heavily all day. He suffered a heart attack on December 21, 1940, and died in Los Angeles at the age of 44.
Major works: Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald's most famous novel is The Great Gatsby, which is a classic representative of the epitome of American society, and has written novels such as Paradise on Earth, Beauty and Iniquity, Gentle Night, The Last Tycoon (unfinished), and more than one hundred and seventy short stories.
56 John Keats
John Keats (1795–1821), born in London at the end of the 18th century, was one of the preeminent Writers of English Poetry and a major member of the Romantics. He abandoned medicine and literature, embarked on the road of poetry creation, and finally became a brilliant superstar in the British literary scene at that time. Keats is talented, on a par with Shelley and Byron.
Major works: "Isabella", "The Night of St. Agnes", "Sea Wall", "Ode to the Nightingale", "Ode to the Greek Urn", "Ode to Autumn" and other works. In particular, John Keats expresses his persistent pursuit of eternal love and beauty in five long narrative poems "Endimon", "Lamia", "Haibilang", "Eve of St. Ani" and "Isabella", representing the artistic achievement of Keats's poetry. These five long poems played a crucial role in keats' entire poetry.
57. George Bernard Shaw
Profile: George Bernard Shaw is one of the most outstanding representatives of Critical Realist literature in Western Europe, the greatest dramatist and critic in modern Britain, the most important british prose writer since the 18th century, the best modern theater critic, music critic, political, economic, sociological and other outstanding speakers and thesis writers. George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950). Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925 for his idealistic and humanitarian works, he was one of Britain's preeminent modern realist theatre writers, a world-renowned master of humour and satire, an active social activist and propagandist of Fabian socialism.
He studied Capital carefully and openly declared himself "an ordinary proletarian" and "a socialist". He advocated that art should reflect pressing social problems and opposed "art for art's sake." His ideas were heavily influenced by the German philosophers Schopenhauer and Nietzsche.
Major works: Joan of Arc, House of Sorrows, Mrs. Warren's Profession. In his more than 60 years of creative career, in addition to 5 novels and a large number of critical articles, a total of 52 screenplays have been written. Among them, "The Flower Girl" was adapted into the movie "Lady Lady" in 1964, and won the Oscar for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Music and other eight little golden people that year. His plays are widely disseminated around the world and span the long river of time, with strong vitality.
58. Robert Louis Stevenson
Biography: Robert Louis Stevenson, the great English novelist of the second half of the 19th century. Representative works include the novels "Treasure Island", "Doctor Incarnate", "Kidnapping", "Katrina" and so on. He devoted himself to the creation of novels in his later period and achieved great achievements, and his style of work was unique and changeable, and he had a great influence on modernist literature in the 20th century. By the mid-20th century, critics had made new evaluations of his work, beginning to examine Stevenson and incorporating his work into Western classics, listing him as one of the greatest writers of the 19th century.
Major works: Representative works include the novel "Treasure Island", "Doctor Incarnation", "Kidnapping", "Katrina" and so on. Stevenson was the first writer in the history of English literature to explore the short story as a genre. Stevenson's poetry collection Children's Poetry Garden is one of the best children's books in the UK. The Encyclopædia Britannica spoke highly of his children's poems as "unparalleled".
59. Emily Dickinson
Biography: Emily Dickinson (also known as Dickinson) (1830–1886) American legendary poet. Born into a family of lawyers. Adolescent life is monotonous and calm with formal religious education. From the age of twenty-five, she refused to go out of the social world, buried her head in solitude for thirty years, leaving behind more than 1,700 poems; only seven were published before her death, and the rest were published after her death, and were well known by the world.
She is regarded as one of the pioneers of twentieth-century modernist poetry. The most famous american poets are Owen, the father of American literature, as well as Whitman and Dickinson. Her vast collection of poems locked in boxes is the greatest gift she has left to the world. In her lifetime, her works failed to gain favor, but the incomprehension and misunderstanding of her by the people around her could not weaken her rich creative talent. According to statistics, Emily's amazing creativity has left the world with more than 1800 poems, including 1775 in the final version and 25 newly discovered poems.
Major works: "Wild Night" (or translated as "Night of the Storm - Night of Passion!) "This is the day when the birds come back", "The mind, wider than the sky", "I have always loved", "The Magic Book" and so on. Emily Dickinson's place and influence in the history of American poetry is second only to Whitman. In 1984, when the American literary community commemorated the bicentennial of the birth of Washington Irving, the "father of American literature", the "Poet's Corner" was opened at St. John's Church in New York, and only Whitman and Dickinson were selected.
60. Herbert George Wells
Biography: Herbert George Wells (1866-1946), a famous British novelist, journalist, politician, sociologist and historian. He is especially famous for his science fiction creations. In 1895, he published "Time Machine" and became famous. Wells wrote more than a hundred works in his lifetime, covering scientific, literary, historical, social and political fields, and is one of the most prolific writers in modern times.
Major works: He published "Dr. Morrow Island", "Invisible Man", "Star Wars" and many other science fiction novels. He was also a social reformer and prophet, an important member of the Fabian Society, meeting with Roosevelt and Stalin, and writing works such as Kips, Tono-Bongay, Monsieur Polly and His History, Mr. Breerlin Seeing Through Him, Favors, Predictions, and The Outline of World History. Wells's approach had an important influence on the development of science fiction fiction in England and the world at that time and in later generations. His "When the Sleeper Wakes Up" pioneered an important bloodline in science fiction: the "dystopian" novel. Later Russian (Soviet) writer Yamizatin's "We", The British Huxley's "Brave New World", and George Orwell's "Nineteen Eighty-Four" all inherited this tradition.
61. Thomas Mann
Biography: Thomas Mann (1875–1955), German writer. In 1929, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Thomas Mann was the most famous German realist writer and humanitarian of the 20th century, influenced by the philosophical ideas of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. Thomas Mann dedicated his glorious life to the cause of peace and democracy. With more than sixty years of diligent work, he enriched the treasure trove of German and world literature. Is a brilliant and talented writer.
Major works: The representative work is the long novel "Budenbrooks" (1901), which is known as the "soul history" of the German bourgeoisie, which is regarded as the artistic epitome of the social development of Germany in the second half of the 19th century. There are also "The Fall", "The Magic Mountain", "Joseph and His Brothers" and "Dr. Faust". Thomas Mann lived through major events such as the two world wars, but he completely excluded these experiences from his work.
62. Tang Xianzu
Profile: Tang Xianzu (1550-1616), Chinese Opera scholar and writer of the Ming Dynasty. The meaning of the word is still the same, the number Hai Ruo, Ruo Shi, Qingyuan Daoren. Han Chinese, Linchuan people, Jiangxi. The Tang clan was originally from Yunshan Township, Linchuan County, and later moved to Tangjiashan (present-day Fuzhou City). Born in Xiangmendi, he has long been famous, he is not only proficient in ancient Chinese poetry, but also able to understand astronomical geography and medicine. Among Tang Xianzu's many achievements, opera creation is the most important.
Major works: Theatrical works include "The Book of the Soul", "The Record of Purple Chao", "The Record of Nanke" and "The Record of Handan", collectively known as "Four Dreams of Linchuan", of which "Peony Pavilion" is his representative work. His plays are regarded as treasures of the world's theatrical art. Tang's monograph "Yihuang County Drama God Qingyuan Teacher Temple" is also an important document in the history of Chinese opera on drama performance, which has played a pioneering role in the study of directing. Tang Xianzu was also an outstanding poet. His poems include four volumes of the Complete Works of Yu Mingtang, 1 volume of Red Spring Yicao, and 2 volumes of Qing Thorny Postal Grass.
63. C.S. Lewis
Biography: C.S. Lewis was a prominent British writer, scholar, eminent critic of the 20th century, and recognized as one of the most important Christian authors of the twentieth century. He devoted his life to the study of literature, philosophy, theology, and especially the Literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and was a giant of English literature. He is hailed by the contemporary as "the greatest Oxfordian" and the most leading writer and thinker of the twentieth century. He is the real favorite author of Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling.
Major works: Lewis has published several critical works on English medieval and Renaissance literature. The most important works in academic research include The Fable of Love: A Study of medieval Traditions, Sixteenth-Century English Literature, The Heresy of the Individual, etc., the Question of Suffering, The Pure Christian Faith, etc. in terms of religion, and the science fiction "Space Trilogy" (Beyond the Silent Planets, Pierlandra and The Terrifying Force) and the Chronicle of Narnia.
64 Henrik Ibsen
Profile: Henrik Ibsen is one of the greatest names in the history of world literature. He was a central figure in the modern breakthrough of European intellectuals and is recognized as the father of modern drama. His plays still have great relevance. It is said that Ibsen was the most staged playwright in the world after Shakespeare. Norwegian dramatist and poet. His plays such as "Doll's House" and "Enemy of the People" have become classic works on the theater stage of various countries in the world, and his creation has a profound impact on European and American drama in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, so he is known as the "father of modern drama".
Major works: Ibsen published 26 plays and a collection of poems, including Katielyn (1850), The Man Who Coveted the Throne, Romantic Comedy, Brand, Pell. Kint", "The Emperor and the Galileans", "Pillars of Society", "The Doll's House" (1879), etc. It is worth mentioning that many of his plays were considered scandalous at the time, as Victorian family values and etiquette were social standards, and any view that questioned and challenged this standard was seen as immoral and abhorrent. Two of his plays, 1865's Blound and 1867's Pell Ginter, brought him the attention and financial success he had hoped for.
65. Roald Dahl
Profile: A prominent Norwegian British writer of children's literature, playwright and short story. Winner of the Edgar Allan Poe Literature Prize, The White Bread Children's Book Award, the British Children's Book Award, and the World Fantasy Literature Congress Award. The works are very well known among adults and children.
Major works: Representative works include: "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", "Charlie and the Big Glass Lift", "James and the Big Peach", "Matilda", "The Witch", "The Kind Eye Giant" and "Alone in the World". Roald Dahl's work is strangely conceived and tightly plotd. His works have a magic that makes people fall in love with them as soon as they read them. In 2000, in a "My Favorite Writers" poll held in the United Kingdom during World Book Day, the name Dahl topped the list, and even J.K. Rowling, the author of Harry Potter, was only ranked behind. This shows his place in the minds of British readers. Dahl's influence on world children's literature was enormous, and his works have been translated into thirty-six languages and published around the world.
66. Liu Zongyuan
Profile: Liu Zongyuan (773 AD – 819 AD). A native of Hedong (now the area around Yongji, Yuncheng, Shanxi), one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, Tang Dynasty writers, philosophers, essayists and thinkers were known as "Liu Hedong" and "Mr. Hedong", also known as "Liu LiuZhou" because of the official Liuzhou Assassination History. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu were called "Han Liu", Liu Yuxi and "Liu Liu", and Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, and Wei Yingwu.
Main works: Liu Zongyuan's poetry works reached more than 600, and his achievements in literature were greater than those of poetry. There are nearly 100 essays, and the prose is strongly argumentative. His works include "Mr. Hedong Collection", and his representative works include "Xiju", "Jiang Xue" and "Fisherman". Liu Zongyuan was a political innovator who promoted the "Guwen" movement. In Liu Zongyuan's philosophical treatises, he has a negative attitude towards the "Charm of the Order of the Xia Shang Dynasty" advocated by the Great Confucian Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty. He opposed the theory of heaven and earth, criticized theology, emphasized human affairs, and replaced "God" with "man."
67 Aeschylus
Character Profile: Aeschylus, born in 525 BC in Eleutherus of Attica, Greece. He is a tragic poet of ancient Greece, and together with Sophocles and Euripides, he is known as the greatest tragic writer of ancient Greece, the father of tragedy and a poet with strong tendencies.
Major works: Representative works include "The Bound Prometheus", "Agamemnon", "The Good One" (or "The Goddess of Vengeance") and so on. The history of ancient Greece gave birth to three famous tragic poets, who represented the highest achievements of the "rise-boom-decline" period of ancient Greek tragic art. Ancient Greek tragedy is not mainly about writing about sorrow, but about expressing the idea of lofty and heroic heroism. According to Aristotle' definition, ancient Greek tragedy "depicts serious events, imitations of movements of a certain length; The aim is to arouse pity and fear and to lead to the purification of these emotions; the protagonist is often unexpectedly unhappy, and thus becomes a tragedy, and thus the conflict of tragedy becomes a conflict of man and destiny".
68、J· K·罗琳 J.K. Rowling
Biography: J.K. Rowling, born in 1965 in Gwintershire, England, graduated from the University of Exeter, Uk. In 1989, at the age of 24, Rowling had the idea of creating Harry Potter.
Major works: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. In June 2003, she re-created her fifth book, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. In 2004, Rowling was named to the Forbes List of The Rich, and she was worth $1 billion.
Life for Rowling's mother and daughter was extremely difficult. Her first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, was written for 5 years, and Rowling often went to a café near her home because her house was small and cold. After the story was completed, Rowling repeatedly sent out manuscripts but was rejected. Still, her efforts paid off. After Bloomsbury, a small printer, took over the printing rights, her life changed dramatically as soon as it was published, including the Children's Fiction Award at the National Book Awards and the Smartie Book Gold Medal. She is known as the "Mother of Harry Potter".
69. Ouyang Xiu
Biography: Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072), Northern Song Dynasty politician, writer, and politically famous. He was a scholar of Hanlin, a deputy envoy to the Privy Council, and a counselor in government affairs, with the courtesy name Wenzhong and the world name of Ouyang Wenzhonggong. He was given to Taishi and duke of Chu. Later generations also referred to it together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi as the "Four Great Masters of ancient articles". Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Rui, Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong, they are known as the "Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Ouyang Xiu has an important position in the history of Chinese literature. He inherited the spirit of the Hanyu Ancient Literature Movement. As a leading figure in the Song Dynasty poetry reform movement, his literary theory and creative achievements had a great influence on the time and future generations.
Main works: Ouyang Xiu wrote more than 500 essays in his lifetime. Most of his prose is full of content, vigorous, in-depth and simple, concise and fluent, narrative reasoning, beautiful, lyrical writing, fascinating, allegorical and flat. His works include "TheOry of the Book", "Original Evils", "Book of Advice with Gao Si", "Theory of The Party of Friends", "The Preface to the Biography of the New Five Dynasties Of History", "The Preface to the Collection of Poems of the Interpretation of Secrets", "The Preface to the Sacrifice of Stone Manqing", "The Preface to the Su Clan Anthology", "The Record of Fengle Pavilion", "The Record of drunken Wengting" and so on. Ouyang Xiu was the first literary leader in the history of Song Dynasty literature to create a generation of literary styles. He led the Northern Song Dynasty Poetry Reform Movement, inheriting and developing Han Yu's ancient literary theory.
70, Bai Juyi
Profile: Bai Juyi was a great realist poet of the Tang Dynasty and one of the three major poets of the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Shu jointly advocated the Xinlefu Movement, known as "Yuan Bai" and "Liu Bai" with Liu Yuxi. Bai Juyi (772–846), also known as Xiangshan Resident and Mr. Drunken Yin, was born in Xinzheng, Henan, whose ancestral home was Taiyuan and who moved to Xia Yi by the time of his great-grandfather. Bai Juyi's poetry has a wide range of themes, diverse forms, and easy and popular language, and is known as "poetry demon" and "poetry king". Official to Hanlin Bachelor, Zuo Zanshan Doctor.
Major works: "Bai's Changqing Collection" has been handed down, and representative poems include "Long Hate Song", "Charcoal Seller", "Pipa Line" and so on.
71, Rumi
Biography: A famous scholar and poet of the Sufi school of Persian Islam, founder of the Mullavi Order. His full name was Geraluddin Mohammed bin Muhammad bin Hussein Rumi, nicknamed Jalhebi Avanti, and was born in Balkh (in present-day Afghanistan). Rumi enjoyed a high prestige in the history of Persian literature. Along with Ferdowsi, Sadie, and Hafez, he is known as the "Four Pillars of Poetry". His works include Masnavi and other works. He was buried in Konya in 1273, and his mausoleum is now a museum.
Major works: Works include "Masnavi" and so on. In their writings, the German philosopher Hegel and the poet Goethe spoke highly of Rumi's philosophical and literary contributions, arguing that Rumi had perfectly synthesized the Creator, spirituality, reason, and human ethics, and had unified man's "spirit and unique Allah." His writings had a great influence on the literary and religious movements of later Generations of Sufism. His major works include the narrative poem Masnavi, the lyric poem Schemsten's Collected Poems, The Ruby poems, and some prose. In particular, "Masnavi" is a long poem of two-line philosophical teachings, condensing all of Rumi's knowledge and wisdom.
72. Aristophanes
Biography: Aristophanes (c. 448 BC – 380 BC), ancient Greek comedy writer, citizen of Athens. He is regarded as the most important representative of ancient Greek comedy, especially the old comedy. Legend has it that he wrote forty-four comedies, known as the "father of comedy". Little is known about Aristophanes' life. It is estimated that he was born around 448 BC in a municipality in Athens, and his father may have been named Philippes. In the fifth century BC, Athens produced three major comedic poets: the first was Clattinos, the second was Opolis, and the third was Aristophanes, and only Aristophanes passed down some complete works.
Major works: "Ahana", "Knight", "Peace", "Bird", "Frog" and other eleven works. He wrote 44 comedies in his lifetime, won 7 awards, and passed down 11 of them. Aristophanes' comedies are sharp and profound, commonly known as old comedies, and are political satires that touch on major socio-political issues. There are many comedy writers before Aristophanes, but his eleven surviving plays are the earliest surviving Greek comedies.
73. Stephen King
Profile: Stephen King, king of contemporary thriller fiction and master of popular fiction. He was hailed by The New York Times as the "master of modern thriller fiction." Since the 1980s, his work has consistently topped the U.S. bestseller list over the years. Many of King's works have become sought-after by Hollywood producers. There are more than seventy films and television shows based on his work, including The Shining, Green Mile, The Shawshank Redemption, and more. At the age of thirty-one, he became the world's leading billionaire writer. Stephen King was also the first author to publish his work on the Internet and offer paid downloads. In 2003, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the National Book Awards. Stephen King (born September 21, 1947) is a prolific, award-winning American best-selling author who wrote screenplays, column reviews, and worked as a film director, producer, and actor. Stephen King's works have sold more than 350 million copies.
Major works: The Shawshank Redemption (which contains Nazi High, Corpse and Exhale-In-", "Dead Light", "Mysterious Flame", "Jerrod's Game", "Pet Cemetery", "The Other Half of Darkness" and "Suzanne's Song" in the "Dark Tower" series). Stephen King's works are probably sixty or seventy, and it is no wonder that the British writer Clive. Buck said that "every American family should have two books—one is the Bible and the other is probably Stephen King's novel." It is worth mentioning that according to Stephen King's novel, "The Shawshank Redemption", "The Shining", "The Mist", "Miracle in the Green" and so on, which have changed into the most perfect films in history.
74. Charles Baudelaire
Biography: Charles Pierre Baudelaire (9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867), the most famous French modernist poet of the nineteenth century, pioneer of Symbolist poetry, played an important role in European and American poetry.
Major works: His work "The Flower of Evil" is one of the most influential collections of poetry of the nineteenth century. From 1843 onwards, Baudelaire began to compose poems that would later be included in The Flower of Evil, and shortly after the publication of the collection, he was sentenced by a misdemeanor court for "obstructing public morality and morality". His works include "The Flower of Evil", "The Melancholy of Paris", "Aesthetic Treasures", "Poor Belgium! etc. Among the representative works is "The Flower of Evil". His collections of literary and fine art criticism, Aesthetic Pipes (1868) and Romantic Art, also have a place in the history of French literary criticism. As one of the most famous modernist poets of the nineteenth century in France, Baudelaire's masterpiece "The Flower of Evil" received widespread attention, and the great literary hero Hugo wrote to him praising these poems as "shining like stars in the sky".
75. Emily Brontë
Biography: Emily Brontë (1818–1848), English novelist and famous poetess. Known as the "Brontë Three Sisters" with their sisters Charlotte Brontë and Ann Brontë, they were famous in the 19th century British literary scene. The three sisters were born into poor pastoral families and grew up in boarding schools. In 1837, Emily Brontë taught at a village school and died of lung disease at the age of 30. Her works are philosophical and mysterious, with a fresh style and sonorous rhythm.
Wuthering Heights is the only novel in Emily Brontë's life, which established her place in the history of English literature as well as in the history of world literature. In addition, she wrote 193 poems and is considered a talented female writer in Britain. Emily Brontë was hailed as one of the 22 outstanding poets of the nineteenth century, and his representative works include "The Old Ascetic", "Souvenir", "Prisoner", "Evening Wind" and so on. The famous British poet and critic Matthew Arnold once wrote a poem called "Howarth Cemetery", in which Emily Brontë said that the extraordinary enthusiasm, strong emotion, sadness and boldness of her soul were "unmatched by no one after Byron".
76, Voltaire
Biography: François-Marie Aruère (1694–1778), pen name Voltaire, 18th-century French Enlightenment thinker, writer and philosopher. Voltaire was a titan of the French bourgeois Enlightenment in the eighteenth century, known as "the king of French thought", "the best poet in France", and "the conscience of Europe". Advocated an enlightened monarchy, emphasizing freedom and equality.
Major works: representative works such as "Philosophical Correspondence", "The Age of Louis XIV", "Honest Man", etc. The French Enlightenment of the 18th century was a glorious era in human history. Among the many thinkers of the time, Voltaire was recognized as a leader and mentor. Erudite and talented, he wrote a wealth of writings, making outstanding contributions to theatre, poetry, fiction, political theory, history and philosophy. Throughout his life he opposed absolutism and feudal privileges, pursued freedom and equality and a bourgeois constitutional monarchy, and played an important role in the changes in public opinion that eventually led to the French Revolution.
Voltaire's influence was not limited to France, his ideas represented the ideas of the entire Enlightenment, enlightened the minds of the people, and influenced an entire generation. Voltaire was the titan and soul of the French Enlightenment, and was recognized as a mentor by Enlightenment thinkers.
77 Marcel Proust
Biography: Marcel Proust (1871-1922), born in Paris to an artistic family. Twentieth-century French novelist and pioneer of stream-of-consciousness literature. As a psychologist, his great exploit was the description of himself. Proust is undoubtedly among the first class. Proust won the Goncourt Prize for "Beside the Maidens" (The Quest VOL II), and the Quest has a continuing place in French literature.
His major works, "In Search of Lost Time," completed in the last fifteen years of his life, is one of the greatest novels in the history of Twentieth-century Western and even world literature. The book is composed of seven novels that are interconnected and independent, and the conscious and subconscious activities of people who transcend the concept of time and space occupy an important position in the novel, opening up new ways for modern novels in terms of themes, techniques, and methods of expression.
78. Boccaccio
Biography: Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375), a translator of Boccaccio, was an outstanding representative of the Italian Renaissance movement and an outstanding writer of humanism. Together with the poets Dante and Petrarch, he is known as the "Three Masters" of Florentine literature. Dante ended one era, Boccaccio ushered in another.
Major works: the representative works "Decameron", "Filo Corot", "Tesseiida", of which "Decameron" is the first realist work in the history of European literature, which is regarded as the manifesto of the Renaissance. Boccaccio was a self-conscious stylist, and the prose of The Decameron was modeled after ancient Roman writers, laying the foundation for Italian prose. After the publication of the Decameron, it was immediately translated into the languages of Western European countries, which had a great influence on the realist literature of Western Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, and set a precedent for the modern European short story.
79. Luo Guanzhong
Character Profile: Luo Guanzhong (c. 1330 ( Gengzi year ) – c. 1400 ) , a novelist of the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties , was the originator of the Chinese Zhanghui novel. Luo Guanzhong single-handedly served as the originator (or at least one of the ancestors) of the four main categories of classical Chinese long-chapter Hui novels, which is of epoch-making significance for the development of Chinese novels. Some even called Luo Guanzhong "the king of ancient Chinese novels.".
Major works: Works include novels: "Sui and Tang Dynasties Chronicles", "History of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty", "The Legend of the Three Sui Ping Demons", and "The Complete Biography of water margin". The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) is Luo Guanzhong's masterpiece, and this novel has a profound influence on the literary creation of later generations. In addition to the creation of novels, there are still miscellaneous dramas "Song Taizu Dragon and Tiger Wind and Cloud Society".
80 Isaac Asimov
Profile: Isaac Asimov (January 2, 1920 – April 6, 1992) was a famous American science fiction writer, popular science writer, literary critic, and one of the representatives of the golden age of American science fiction. Asimov wrote nearly 500 books in his lifetime, covering many fields such as the natural sciences, social sciences, and literary arts, and was known as the big three in science fiction history along with Jules Verne and Herbert George Wells, and was also ranked as the big three of science fiction alongside Robert Heinlein and Arthur Clark. He was also a member of the prestigious Mensa Society and later served as Vice-President. He has won the Hugo Award, the highest honor in the science fiction world, and the Nebula Lifetime Achievement Master Award.
Major works: The works include the "Base Series", "Galactic Empire Trilogy" and "Robot Series" three series, and is known as the "science fiction bible". The most iconic work is George Lucas's masterpiece. Asteroid 5020, Asimov Science Fiction Magazine and two Asimov Prizes are all named after him. His proposed "Three Laws of Robotics" has been called "the cornerstone of modern robotics." As early as 1950, Campbell had already praised Asimov as "one of the greatest science fiction writers in the world." In 1974, book critic Joseph Parcchi Jr. said: "For many people, the name Isaac Asimov is synonymous with science fiction. Carl Sagan, a well-known American astronomer and popular science writer, once said of Asimov: "In this century of technology, we need a person who can connect science and the public." No one has done this work as well as Asimov, the great docent of our time.
81. Rudyard Kipling
Biography: Kipling (1865-1936), a famous British writer and poet, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1907 for "his works are distinguished by their observational subtlety, novel ideas, imposing and narrative excellence". His outstanding narrative and superb literary nature have been highly respected by later generations and have had a profound impact on world literature. Born in India, he was sent back to England to school in 1870 and returned to India in 1882 to become a journalist and begin writing.
Major works: Kipling wrote a total of 8 poetry collections, 4 novels, 21 short story collections and historical story collections, as well as a large number of essays, essays, travelogues, etc. in his lifetime. His work is concise and exotic, especially in the short story. Mark Twain once enthusiastically praised Kipling's work, saying, "I know Kipling's books... They never pale to me, they maintain a colorful color; They are always fresh. Because of Kipling's "ability to observe, novel imagination, majestic thought, and outstanding narrative talent", other works include poems: "Organ Oil Poems", "Barracks Ballads", "Seven Seas"; Short story collections: "The Story of the Mountain", "Three Soldiers", "Resistance to Life", "Book of the Jungle"; Novels: "Vanishing Light", "Kim", etc. Kipling is also increasingly respected for the high literary and complex nature of his work
82、T· S. Elliot
Biography: Tos Eliot (1888–1965) was a poet, playwright and literary critic who led the modernist movement in poetry. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Published in 1922, The Wasteland earned him international fame and is regarded by critics as one of the most influential poems of the twentieth century, and is still considered a milestone in modern British and American poetry. The Four Quartets, published in 1943, earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature and established himself as the greatest living English poet and writer of his time.
Major works: Representative works include "Wasteland" and "Wasteland". Turning to the history of modern and contemporary Chinese poetry, many poets have expressed their deep influence on Eliot, such as Xu Zhimo, who once imitated Eliot's poetic style to write "West Window". Bian Zhilin, Xia Ji'an, Mu Dan and others were also deeply influenced by it.
Eliot was also one of the most important critics of 20th-century Britain, and his ideal of "common pursuit of correct judgment" became a powerful slogan. His Selected Papers, 1917-1932 is one of the rare classics in the history of British criticism. The BBC organised an online poll in 2009 to ask listeners and viewers to nominate "the nation's favorite poet" (excluding Shakespeare), a title that was received by Thomas Sturnas Eliot.
83. John Steinbeck
Biography: John Steinbeck, 20th-century American writer. Steinbeck was born in California in 1902. In 1925, Steinbeck worked as a reporter for The New York Times. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1962.
Major works: Representative works include "Between Man and Mouse", "Grapes of Wrath", "The Moon Has Gone Down", "East of Eden", "Winter of Troubles" and so on. From Sinclair Lewis to Ernest Hemingway, Steinbeck was able to maintain his independent status and achievements. John Steinbeck was an important novelist who moved from "serious naturalism" to "mythological naturalism".
84. Walter Whitman
Biography: Walter Whitman (1819-1892), American poet and essayist. A representative of the transition period from transcendentalism to realism in the American literary world. Born on Long Island to a family of farmers and craftsmen. He has worked as a handyman, typesetter, teacher, newspaper editor and local party newspaper writer. As a teenager, he embraced democratic ideas and became a radical democrat.
Main works: The representative work is the poetry collection "". The longest of these, the poem that came to be known as "The Song of Myself." A total of 1336 lines. The content of this poem includes almost the main ideas of the author's life and is one of the author's most important poems. His works show a strong personality and are full of unbridled passion. The free poetry style he pioneered greatly influenced literary masters such as Guo Moruo and Wen Yiduo.
85. Bangu
Biography: Ban Gu (32 AD ~ 92 AD), Eastern Han Dynasty scholar and historian. His father, Ban Biao, was a well-known scholar at that time, who wrote 65 articles in the "Later Biography of Shi Ji" and supplemented the history of the Western Han Dynasty after the "Shi Ji". After Ban Biao's death, he wanted to complete the book, but someone later accused him of privately changing the history of the country and arrested him in Jingzhao Prison. His brother Ban Chao wrote a letter of defense and was released, and Emperor Ming of Han admired Ban Gu's talent, summoned Lantai Lingshi, and transferred to Lang, the secretary of the school.
Major works: Bangu wrote a lot in his lifetime. As a historian, the Book of Han is another important historical book in ancient China after the "Records of History", one of the "First Four Histories"; as a lexicographer, Ban Gu is one of the "Four Great Masters of Han Fu", and the "Two Capitals Endowment" has created an example and is included in the first part of the "Anthology"; at the same time, Ban Gu is also a theorist of classics, and he edited and compiled the "White Tiger Tongyi", which collected the great achievements of the classics at that time and theorized and codified the theology of Weiwei.
86. Wu Cheng'en
Wu Cheng'en (c. 1500–1582), an outstanding Chinese novelist of the Ming Dynasty, was the author of Journey to the West, one of the Four Great Classics. He was born into a family that had been reduced from a scholar to a merchant.
Major works: the works "Journey to the West", "Yu Ding Ji", "Sheyang Collection" four volumes and four volumes, "Spring and Autumn Column Biography" Wu Cheng'en's poems are scattered, and there are 4 volumes of "Surviving Manuscripts of Mr. Sheyang" collected by posterity. The first time "Journey to the West" written by Wu Cheng'en, "The Birth of the Monkey King", was selected into the twenty-first lesson of the second semester of the fifth grade of the human-taught version of Chinese. Journey to the West can be said to be a household name in China, and it is a masterpiece of famous history.
87. Guy de Maupassant
Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893) was a famous French writer born in De Éb, Normandy. Graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris. French critical realist writer, along with Russian Chekhov and American O. Henry, is known as the "World's Three Great Masters of Short Stories". Among them, Maupassant is known as the "king of the world's short stories" in modern literature.
He wrote six novels, three hundred and fifty-nine novellas and three travelogues in his lifetime, making him the most numerous and accomplished writer in the history of French literature.
Major works: Representative works include "Necklace", "Mutton Fat Ball" and "My Uncle Hule". Maupassant suffered from neuralgia and intense migraines, and the intensity of his labor made him gradually terminally ill. Until 1891, he could no longer write. After suffering brutally from the disease, Maupassant died on July 6, 1893, at the age of 43. Maupassant's language is majestic, clear, fluent, and full of local flavor, which makes people fall in love with it. He has three of the great virtues of a French writer: clarity, clarity, and clarity. Maupassant's short stories, novellas, are endlessly rich and colorful, all exquisite and breathtaking.
88, Murasaki Shikibu
Character Profile: Purple Shibu (c. 973 - 1014 or 1025), originally surnamed Fujiwara, because his father had been an official of Shibu Shōjo, and the heroine in his masterpiece "The Tale of Genji" was named Shigami, so he took "Purple" and "Shibu", called Zishibu. She was a female writer of the middle Heian period, a japanese song writer, and one of the Thirty-Six Song Immortals of the Middle Ages. The Tale of Genji Monogatari is the world's earliest long-form realistic novel, the immortal national literature of 30 million Japanese families, the world's recognized top ten ideal collections of Asian literature, and an indispensable treasure in the treasure house of world literature, which opens up a new path for Japanese monogatari literature.
Major works: The Tale of Genji and The Purple Chronicles. Dozens of japanese songs she composed were included in the collection of edicts that followed the "Collection of Later Collections of Waka Songs". In April 1004, Zi Shibu was widowed and widowed, and in the autumn of the same year, he began to write the Tale of Genji. In the winter of his 36th year, Zi Shibu was summoned to serve in the middle palace of an emperor.
89. Leine Maria Rilke
Biography: René Maria Rilke, famous Austrian poet. A prominent figure in the poetry world, his poems have been loved by poetry lovers. René Maria Rilke, along with Yeats and Eliot, is hailed as the three greatest poets of modern Europe.
Major works: Representative as "Life and Poetry" (1894), "Dreams" (1897), "Advent" (1898), etc.; His representative works in the mature period include The Book of Prayers (1905), The New Poetry Collection (1907), The New Poetry Sequel (1908) and The Lamentations of Duino (1922). In addition, Rilke has a diary-style novel, The Marte Notes. Rilke's existential poetic thought deeply influenced the later existential masters Heidegger and Sartre and others, and can be said to be a major poetic source of existentialism. Rilke's poetry, though full of lonely and painful emotions and pessimistic nihilistic thoughts, is highly accomplished in art. It not only shows the musical beauty and sculptural beauty of poetry, but also expresses some content that is difficult to express, expands the field of artistic expression of poetry, and has had a great impact on the development of modern poetry.
90. Ados Huxley
Biography: Ados Huxley (1894-1963), born in Surrey, England, is the third son of the family, the grandson of the famous biologist Thomas Huxley. He graduated from Eton College and Oxford University. The first half of his life was dominated by social satire novels, and after middle age, his creations began to reflect the phenomenon of the development of science and technology erasing human nature.
Major works: He wrote more than fifty novels, poems, philosophical works, and travelogues, the most famous of which is the dystopian classic Wonderful New World, which has left him famous. Notable works include Chrome Yellow (1921), Funny Round Dance for Men and Women (1923), Bare Leaves (1925), Point-to-Point (1923), Blind Eyes in Kaza (1936), After a Few Summers (1939), Time Must Stand Still (1944), Genius and Goddess (1955), Island (1962), etc.
Huxley acted as an interrogator of social morality, standards, and ideals, and sometimes as a critic. Huxley was a humanist, but in his later years he was also interested in psychic topics such as parapsychology and philosophy and mysticism. In the final stages of his life, Huxley was considered a leader of modern thought in some academic circles, ranking among the most prominent intellectuals of his time.
91. Friedrich Schiller
Biography: Johann Christopher Friedrich von Schiller (10 November 1759 – 9 May 1805), often referred to as Friedrich Schiller, was a famous German poet, philosopher, historian and playwright of the 18th century, and one of the representatives of German Enlightenment literature. Schiller is a representative of the famous "Wild March Movement" in the history of German literature, and is also recognized as a great writer in the history of German literature second only to Goethe. The lyricist of Ode to Joy, Goethe's close friend, was buried with Goethe after his death.
Major works: "The Robber", "Conspiracy and Love" (1784), "Ode to Joy" (1785), poetry drama "Don Carlos" (1787) and so on. Among them, "William Retreat" is an important play by Schiller in this period. The play is based on the legend of the 14th-century Swiss hero Hunter William Schul. This subject was originally collected by Goethe in Switzerland, and he selflessly gave it to Schiller. Goethe's creative style had a great influence on Schiller. In 1796, the two wrote thousands of poems, and Goethe's masterpieces Wilhelm Meister and the first faust were formed during this period. It is worth mentioning that the period of cooperation between Schiller and Goethe is known as the "classicist" era in the history of German literature.
92. George Elliott
Biography: George Eliot (1819-1880) was one of the famous British Victorian writers, formerly known as Marry Ann Evans, one of the most influential novelists in 19th-century English literature and one of the greatest novelists in the history of world literature. It is on a par with the sisters Thackeray, Dickens, and Brontë.
Main works: Elliot began writing at the age of nearly forty. In 1859, she actually published her first novel, Adam Beide, which was reprinted eight times in a year and was not to be underestimated. Notable are the Biography of Manan the Weaver and the Mill on the River Floss, which established its place in the British literary scene. Later, "Romula" in 1863, "Felix Holt" in 1866, "Middlemarty" in 1872, and "Daniel Delonda" in 1876 were classics and extraordinary achievements. George Eliot is a master of depiction, and she is good at describing not only the appearance of the characters, but also the hearts of the characters.
93. George Gordon Byron
Biography: George Gordon Byron (1788–1824) was the great English romantic poet of the early 19th century. George Gordon Byron is universally recognized as the premier exponent of 19th-century Romantic literature. He wrote a large number of poems in his lifetime, he advocated enthusiasm, advocated imagination, his poems were praised by the world as "lyrical epics", rebels with the characteristics of the author's own ideological character, known as "Byronic heroes". It has a profound impact on future generations.
Major works: Representative works include "Child Harold's Travels", "Don Juan", "She Walks in Beautiful Glory", "I've Seen You Cry", "To a Weeping Lady" and so on. It is worth mentioning that Byron's daughter Ada Lovelace is the founder of the computer program.
94. Gustav Flaubert
Biography: Güsstère Flaubert (1821-1880), an important French critical realist writer of the mid-19th century. Zola, the representative writer of 19th-century naturalism, considered Flaubert to be the "father of naturalism"; In the 20th century, the French "New Novel" school called him the "originator".
Major works: Representative works include "Madame Bovary" and so on. On May 8, 1880, the French writer Flaubert died. Flaubert's "objective depiction" has not only Balzac-like realism, but also the realism of naturalistic literature, especially his admiration of language, the form of the work of art, which has included some postmodern consciousness. As a great French novelist in the mid-19th century, Flaubert's works have always been highly valued by literary critics around the world.
95. Sappho
Biography: Sappho (c. 630 or 612 BC – c. 592 or 560 BC), a famous female lyricist in ancient Greece. Sappho was a groundbreaking female poet in the history of Western literature, living in Greece in the sixth century BC. Sappho was the great cattle of poetry at that time, and even Plato praised her for writing poetry as a muse possession.
Major works: The history of the poet's poetry is as confusing as the poet's biography. She is known only as a great poet of antiquity: the ancient Greeks praised her so much that the male poet had Homer, the female poet had Savo, and Plato once called her the "tenth muse.". Her poems had a considerable influence on the creation of the ancient Roman lyric poets Catullus and Horace, and have since been revered in Europe. The poet's portrait was once on a coin. The poet's poems were first compiled in 9 volumes around the 3rd century BC, but very few have survived to this day, and only one poem of 28 lines has been well preserved, and until the 19th century, the poet was mainly known through quotations from other authors.
96, Xin abandoned the disease
Biography: Xin Shuyi (28 May 1140 – 3 October 1207), a Chinese Southern Song Dynasty poet of the Haofang faction, known as the Dragon of Words, was collectively known as "Su Xin" with Su Shi and "Jinan Er'an" with Li Qingzhao. Born in the Jin Dynasty, Xin abandoned his illness and returned to the Song Dynasty as a teenager, and served as a pacification envoy in Jiangxi and a pacification envoy in Fujian. There are more than 600 extant words, and strong patriotic ideas and fighting spirit are the basic ideological content of his words.
Main works: famous lyrics "Water Tune Song Head", there is a collection of words "Jiaxuan Long and Short Sentences".
97, Liu Yong
Biography: Liu Yong (c. 984 – c. 1053), a famous lyricist of the Northern Song Dynasty, was a representative figure of the Eun-y y. Liu Yong was born into a family of officials and eunuchs, studied poetry when he was young, and had the ambition to use his meritorious name in the world.
Liu Yong was the first lyricist to carry out a comprehensive innovation of the Song dynasty. He is also the person who created the most used words in the two Song Dynasty. Liu Yong vigorously created slow words, transplanted the assignment method of chen qishi to the words, and at the same time made full use of slang colloquialisms, with unique artistic personalities such as customary imagery, vivid laying out, and plain white paintings, which had a profound impact on the development of Song ci.
Main works: "Collection of Movements", "Raining Bells". Liu Yong is also the word person who created the most inflections in the two Song Dynasty, according to statistics, among the more than 880 tones of song words, there are more than 100 that belong to Liu Yong's initiation or first use. The word to Liu Yong, the system began to prepare, order, citation, near, slow, monotonous, bi-tone, three-fold, four-fold and other long-tone short orders, increasingly rich. The perfection of the formal system provided a precondition for the development of song ci and the development of content by successors.
98. Dorne
Biography: English poet (1572-1631). Dorne was the founder and main exponent of metaphysical poetry, and his creation inspired the so-called "metaphysical poetics" including a large number of outstanding poets such as George Herbert and Andrew Marvell. Dorne is thus regarded as a precursor to modernist poetry. His works include love poems, satirical poems, aphorisms, religious poems, and sermons. It is worth mentioning that Dorne and the metaphysical poetry he pioneered were snubbed in the 18th century, and by the 20th century, the modernist poets, T.S. Eliot, etc. all drew extensively from Dorne's poetry.
Major works: works include, love poems, religious poems, Latin translations, sayings, elegy, lyrics, etc., representative works include "Sunrise", "Ballads and Sonnets", <The Sacred Sonnets", "Hymns to the Father", etc
99. William Black
Profile: Britain's first important Romantic poet, printmaker, one of the most important great poets in the history of English literature, a devout Christian. His great paintings of the inspired style were gradually recognized by the world, and the lofty position of the poet and painter Blake in the art world was established.
Major works: The main poems include the poetry collection "Poetry Sketch", "Song of Innocence", "Song of Experience" and so on. Throughout his life, Blake maintained religious, political, and artistic radical tendencies. His strong religious consciousness, artist's talent and rich life experience provide an inexhaustible source of creation for his poetry, and make his poetry have several major characteristics such as obvious religiousity, prophecy, philosophical rationality and artistry. His contribution to English poetry, especially Romantic poetry, is evident to all.
Blake's poetry broke free from the shackles of 18th-century classical dogma and pioneered Romantic poetry. His romantic atmosphere was far more profound than that of the Romantic poets who followed him, such as Wordsworth, Keats, Shelley, etc. Blake was a poet of unique style, hailed by 20th-century scholars as one of the most important great poets in the history of English literature. Black's printmaking also has its own unique progressive content and religious color, occupying a very high position in the history of British printmaking.
100. Henry James
Biography: (April 15, 1843 – February 28, 1916), the greatest American novelist of the 19th century after Hawthorne and Melville, and a great writer in the history of American and even world literature. James' major works were novels, but he also wrote many literary reviews, travelogues, biographies, and plays. His novels often deal with the problems of interaction between Americans and Europeans; how the sins of adults affect and destroy pure, intelligent children; the contradiction between the material and the spiritual; the loneliness of the artist, the life of the writer and the artist, etc.
Major works: Representative works include the novel "An American", "Portrait of a Lady", "Pigeon Wing", "Envoy", "Golden Bowl" and so on. James is hailed as the pioneer of modern psychoanalytic fiction in the West. From the European perspective, James was a "literary master" who crossed borders. James likes to use obscure adverbs and long sentences, pile up metaphors, and the dialogue is overly sculpted and ambiguous. As a result, he and his work were criticized for a time, and it was not until two world wars before the emergence of the "Second Renaissance" in the United States that James, as a novelist and critic, was fully valued. He is widely regarded as one of the preeminent psychological realist novelists in the United States.