Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei's "Longzhong Pair" can be said to be the biggest strategic idea in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, but many people often cannot taste the real idea of Longzhong Pair, Longzhong Pair is ostensibly a strategic deployment step to unify the world, but at a deep level of thinking, Longzhong Pair is an offensive and defensive thought, why is it called offensive and defensive thought?
In fact, if you are purely from the strategic goal of unifying the world, there is no doubt that Cao Cao has the best advantage, Cao Cao's forces are strong, and this person is trying to achieve great things, it is impossible to start from Cao Cao's territory, then thinking about it, it is only by occupying Jingzhou and Yizhou as a strategic defensive position in the early stage, and when there is a change in timing in Cao Cao's regime, he can send troops to unify the world.
Zhuge Liang's true thought of "Longzhong Pair" is "waiting for the times to change"
Everyone should keep in mind that one of the core ideas of Longzhong is "waiting for the times to change". If the political power in the Central Plains is as solid as a mountain, then even if it is waiting for Jingzhou and Yizhou, it is difficult to unify the world, which is also an idea made by Zhuge Liang in order to set off his own strategy, simply an idea, in the later period Liu Bei occupied Jingzhou, and later sent troops to fight Yizhou, Yizhou was not fully digested, Jingzhou was lost by Guan Yu, this is the plan can not catch up with the change. So what is the real content of Longzhong Pair?
Tianshi: Waiting for changes within Cao Cao's regime
The core content of Longzhong needs to be elaborated from three aspects: time, location, and people, the first is the heavenly time, which is the heavenly time of "the world is changing", after all, Cao Wei is strong, if it is hard to hit hard, it will not gain any benefits; even if the battle between Hanzhong is also between each other, you can't help me, I can't help you, and finally got a lose-lose situation.
Therefore, we must wait until there are great changes in Cao Wei's country before we can send troops; this is the view of Tianshi in the "Longzhong Pair", if there is no change within Cao Cao's regime, then no matter how much troops are sent, the final result will be failure.
Geographical advantage: the spear of Jingzhou's attack; the shield of Yizhou's defense
Secondly, above the geographical advantage, the geographical advantage described in "Longzhong Pair" refers to occupying Jingzhou and Yizhou, with Yizhou as the rear area and Jingzhou as a springboard for troops. Jingzhou is the "country of martial arts", that is to say, Jingzhou is used to attack rather than defend, because this is the land of four battles, connected to Wei and Wu, and is a good place to send troops.
You may ask, if it is a place of four wars, it will suffer from the pressure of the four sides, yes, but Jingzhou is a spear used for attack, not a shield for defense; if you only want to protect yourself, Jingzhou is not a good place. But how can you withstand the pressure of the four parties to hold Jingzhou in the process of changing from weak to strong? Then you need to follow these steps:
Occupy Yizhou can be inside and outside
First of all
It was necessary to occupy Yizhou, the country of Yizhou Tianfu, and its lord Liu Zhang was weak, strong and disobedient to bully the lord, and internal contradictions intensified, so Liu Bei later occupied it at a price that was not too high; and was able to play its role to the extreme, Yizhou has always been the grain powerhouse of the Central Plains.
then
According to Zhuge Liang's opinion, "the west and Zhurong, the south Fuyiyue", can fully develop the economy without almost any worries, which is the most basic value of Yizhou. For Jingzhou, Yizhou, as Liu Bei's sphere of influence, not only relieved the pressure on the western side of Jingzhou's "Land of Four Wars", but also served as a solid backing for Jingzhou during the Annei period, and in the external stage, it was more able to cooperate with Jingzhou's troops from Hanzhong, so that Cao Wei could not take care of each other.
Marry Sun Wu and consolidate the achievements
secondly
Sun Wu was the foundation of the third dynasty, and was supported by the local warrior clan, the foundation was solid, and when Liu Bei was weak, it was a big arm to contain Cao Wei; and Yangzhou, where Sun Wu was located, was the other side of Jingzhou's "land of four wars", so since it could not plot Against Jiangdong, let it be used as an ally, it was also a relief of the pressure on the east of Jingzhou.
Then, it is necessary to fuyiyue in the south, and the southern area of Jingzhou is also the last rear; it can be said that in the southern central area, Zhuge Liang also succeeded in smoothing out later, at least in the stage of Zhuge Liang's northern expedition, without setting off too big a storm, proving that the Shu Han forces are fully capable of achieving this goal.
Unfortunately, the "Yue" in "Yiyue" had no chance, because Jiaozhou was occupied by Eastern Wu. In fact, if Liu Bei had been able to use force against Guan Yu in the future before he first went to Yizhou, Sun Quan would not have dared to use force against Guan Yu in the future; from a geographical point of view, Jiaozhou, especially the Jiaotong area, was close to Jingzhou and far away from Yangzhou, and if Liu Bei had this area, he would be able to directly involve his troops when Sun Quan attacked Guan Yu, and if he implemented the plan to encircle Wei and save Zhao, he might not lose the treasure land of Jingzhou. However, when Guan Yu lost Jingzhou, Jiaozhou was not beaten down by Liu Bei.
Renhe: Liu Bei connived at his two younger brothers, and the Interior of Shu Han was not monolithic
Finally, there are the key people and people, I don't know if the readers feel that there is real harmony within the Shu Han regime? In fact, the Shu Han Dynasty was the most chaotic regime in the Three Kingdoms, why do you say so? The first point is to talk about the entrepreneur Liu Bei, although Liu Bei has great ambitions, he is sometimes too easily swayed by emotions, and what his second and third brothers look like, I think he knows better than anyone, but what?
Liu Bei indulged his two younger brothers to do wrong, Zhang Fei whipped his subordinates, and Guan Yu bullied the nobles, which was the most taboo event during the Three Kingdoms Melee; but Liu Bei did not pay attention to these, but instead connived at them, Guan Yu's loss of Jingzhou could actually save his life, but because of the previous grudges that offended Liu Feng and Mi Fang, this led to his defeat of Maicheng and no one to rescue him, which had a lot to do with Guan Yu's arrogance.
Moreover, these two brothers were under the command of their brother Liu Bei, and all kinds of generals and strategists who looked down on Shu Han, even Zhuge Liang was almost angry with Guan Yu several times; therefore, in the early days of Shu Han, because of the existence of these two brothers, they caused great damage to internal unity. Furthermore, after Liu Bei took control of Yizhou and Jingzhou, the internal political power split into two factions of competition, and the rivalry between the Yizhou native faction and the Jingzhou Shi faction continued until the demise of the Shu Han Dynasty, so it can be seen that the "people" envisioned by Longzhong were unlikely to be realized within the Shu Han Dynasty.
Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Sun Quan, the three-way strategic game
If Liu Bei occupies two places and operates very well, can he conquer the world? Yizhou, the rear of the Shu Han Dynasty, is also said to be a dangerous place, so the area around Jingzhou is the main battlefield. It is conceivable that if the Shu Han really could occupy six or three counties in Yi, Jiao, and Jingzhou at that time.
When the "world is changing" when attacking Cao Wei, on the one hand, send troops from Hanzhong, occupy Chang'an, cut off the connection between Liangzhou and the Central Plains, and stabilize the western rear of the west and Zhurong, and advance from the Hangu Pass; on the other hand, troops from Jingzhou, in coordination with Eastern Wu, the soldiers are directly pointing at Wan and Luo, and at the same time Jiaozhou can also stabilize Eastern Wu's dishonest moves, then entering the Central Plains is really a matter of time.
After Liu Bei's conquest of Yizhou and Hanzhong, the powerful cliques in the world were left, Cao Cao and Sun Quan, Cao Cao Wentao was very strong, and although Sun Quan's forces were weak, he could still protect himself with the natural dangers of the Yangtze River and a strong water army; whether it was internal development or external survival, naturally there were plans for the future.
In line with the law of "more calculations and more victories, less counts of victory, and no loss", after Cao Cao led the Cao Wei clique to pacify the Central Plains, it was inevitable that after taking the unification of the world as its own responsibility, then the annexation of the south would become the strategic goal of the Cao Wei clique. In the first step, Cao Cao was bound to seize Jingzhou, a strategic military stronghold in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and submit to Liu Zhang and Sun Quan in order to achieve the strategic goal of great unification. Later, with the development of the situation and the formation of the situation of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao implemented the strategy of "Shu's death of Wufu".
In the Sun Quan clique that ruled across the river, the control of the Jiangdong army was actually in the hands of Zhou Yu, who proposed to first put Liu Bei under house arrest, and then separate Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to divide Liu Guanzhang's joint forces; but in the face of the threat of Cao Wei in the north, the strength of Liu Guanzhang's clique could not be underestimated, and Sun Quan had no way to control the situation at all, but only between Cao Wei and Shu Han, so don't get angry.
Later, Zhou Yu made a strategic plan to capture Yizhou, and after obtaining Shu land, he annexed Zhang Lu and then held on to it. Zhou Yu's strategic vision is not weaker than Zhuge Liang at all, the only drawback is that Zhou Yu is too confident, but also because self-confidence hurt him, and Zhou Yu also has one of the biggest drawbacks is that the prestige in the army is too high, it can be said that the Jiangdong army only listens to him and does not listen to Sun Quan, which is the most taboo place for the emperors, we can even think that Zhou Yu's death is largely related to Sun Quan.
Zhuge Liang "internal cultivation of political reasoning", first Wei and then Wu
We are back to the main topic, Longzhong's design goal is to unify the whole country; Zhuge Liang is in accordance with the "
First rationalize strong, then rationalize weak
The principle of chaos control, that is, compared to the powerful Cao Wei, the weak state can only be the State of Wu, and the Shu Han first has to deal with the State of Wei as a powerful country, and the State of Wu is only a slow plan. Zhuge Liang's weak policy was to use diplomatic means as much as possible (diplomacy is one of the important military means) so that the two sides of Wu and Shu would not have a confrontational situation, so as to deal with Cao Wei with peace of mind.
However, even if the plan is meticulous, the changes in the situation are always unexpected, the tripartite game, alliance and taiwan dismantling, complex and changeable situation is changing rapidly, then, how did Zhuge Liang face the rapidly changing situation during the Three Kingdoms game? In the early Shu and Han dynasties, "military expansion" and "internal revision" went hand in hand rapidly.
However, since the Battle of Hanzhong, although Liu Bei went on to claim the title of king and his strength reached its peak, after that, the Internal Strife of Shu Han, the military company was severely damaged, and there was a phenomenon of carelessness and arrogance and complacency in the army, and in the ensuing war, the loss of Many Generals such as Guan Yu, Liu Feng, and Meng Da, the loss of troops in a short period of time, and the stalemate in the external expansion of the Shu Han army.
brief summary
In view of the predicament faced by shu han, Zhuge Liang adhered to the principle of "ruling chaos inside and outside the outside world" of "reasoning inside first, and then outside the outside", first majored in internal affairs, stabilized the hearts and minds of the army and the people, and then carried out military expansion, waiting for opportunities; the internal goal of "internal revision of political theory" has also been achieved, and the southern expedition to quell the rebellion of the barbarians is urgent for Shu Han.
Shu Han believed that Zhuge Liang should not risk in the name of a country, after all, the two major rivals, Cao Wei and Eastern Wu, were still looking at the tiger, and "FuyiYue" was a very tricky period, involving the whole body, once there was a mistake, it would affect the future strategic process of Shu Han.
Zhuge Liangnan's conscription was divided into three ways, and the result was a complete success; but unfortunately, the Shu Han regime had lost its greatest advantage and had become the weakest regime in the Three Kingdoms era. In fact, looking at the whole idea of "Longzhong Pair", we can know that Zhuge Liang's thought is based on the smooth progress of everything
, basing one's own success on the failure of "others"
If there is a mistake in a certain ring because of "people", then this strategic idea is completely crippled, so this strategic plan is actually not feasible in practice; and many of the errors in "Longzhong Pair" are fatal, and the illusion that is divorced from reality is the flower in the mirror, the moon in the water, and the doomed end of the Shu Han.