Among the many neighboring countries bordering China, Myanmar's sense of existence is relatively weak, except for Jade, the most critical memory point of most netizens is probably only kokang.
Kokang was Chinese territory for a long time in ancient times, and in 1894, the Qing Dynasty and the British signed the Sino-Burmese Boundary Treaty in London, stipulating that the Kokang area was Chinese.
Unfortunately, in 1897, when China and Britain discussed the border issue in Beijing, the British forced the weak Qing government to sign the "Sino-British Treaty on The Renewal of Burma" again, which included Kokang in British Burma, and the consequences of this dare to belong to Burma. For the next half century, Burma was still under British colonial rule, so Kokang was indirectly controlled by the British.
It was not until the rise of the global national liberation movement after World War II that britain was unable to maintain its huge colonies, so in 1948 the British parliament officially recognized Burma's independence.
Curiously, Myanmar has since become independent, but its authorities did not declare control of Kokang until 2015, and even in 2015, the areas of dare are still in conflict.
The answer to this question is multifaceted, starting with the fact that people in kokang have no sense of belonging to Myanmar and a lack of national identity.
The total population of Kokang is about 250,000, more than 90% of which is kokang, and this kokang ethnic group has very deep roots with China, and can be divided into four groups in general:
1. Descendants of the Ming Dynasty who entered Burma with the Yongli Emperor, Li Dingguo and others at the end of the Ming Dynasty; 2. Descendants of the Qing soldiers who qianlong marched on Burma three times; 3. The Taiping Army after the defeat of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom; 4. The Remnants of the Chinese Expeditionary Force during the Second World War and the remnants of Li Mi in the late Liberation War.
Therefore, they accept Confucian culture, use Chinese more in their daily lives, and do not think of themselves as Burmese. Before 2015, Kokang's teaching materials were the same as those in China, teachers were teaching in Chinese, and the streets and alleys were full of Chinese.
Moreover, its electricity, network, and communications are all from Chinese companies, and the local circulating currency is mainly in the renminbi. (This has changed a lot since 2015.
Whether it is ethnic or educational, Kokang's sense of identity with Myanmar is really not high.
The second is the historical reason for the boldness. Kokang was first subordinated to Yongchang Commandery of the Central Plains Dynasty during the Qin and Han Dynasties, and subsequent Tang, Yuan, and Ming dynasties all had administrative bodies here.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the world was in chaos, the Southern Ming Yongli Emperor was unable to defeat the Qing army, had to retreat to Burma, and then Wu Sangui chased after him, the Yongli Emperor was killed, and hundreds of people fled to the Kokang Mountains under the leadership of Yang Gaoxue to take refuge, and since then this group has been fighting against the Qing army on the Sino-Burmese border.
The Qing court was overwhelmed and wanted to suppress the cost of the larger, so it chose Zhao'an, and by the eighth year of Yongzheng, Yang Youcai, a descendant of Yang Gaoxue, ruled Kokang under the name of "Fengfeng Zheng Dafu", and since then Yang's toast has ruled Burma for nine generations for more than two hundred years!
The closest thing to the return was in 1942, when after the Japanese army occupied Burma, they called a meeting of major toastmasters and leaders, and used interests to lure and threaten with force to demand that these people obey The Japanese command.
At that time, some toastmasters agreed, but Yang Wenbing, the kokang toastmaster, went to Kunming and proposed to the Nationalist government to lead the return of the land and jointly attack the Japanese.
Chiang Kai-shek replied, however, that Kokang was a British territory, Yang Wenbing was a British official, and the Chinese army could assist in defending Kokang from the perspective of an ally (China and Britain were allies at the time). Subsequently, Yang Wenbing was appointed colonel commander of the Kokang Self-Defense Forces, under the command of Song Xilian's 11th Army.
At this time, Kokang has actually been cut out for nearly half a century, but it is still yearning for China. Further ahead, for more than two hundred years, The Yang Toast has not been dependent on Burma, and is actually semi-independent. Such a long history has made the Kokang people submit to Burmese rule in their hearts, resulting in constant conflict.
Finally, the armed forces of Kokang are not weak, any appeal must be supported by strength, Kokang had a toast arm in ancient times, and later formed the Toast Self-Defense Force during the anti-Japanese period, which made no small contribution to the great cause of anti-Japanese resistance.
After the Japanese surrendered, the British returned to Burma, and the Kokang Self-Defense Forces recruited many Chinese and began an anti-British campaign. At that time, Kokang already had a military school, and most of the instructors were Chinese Huangpu cadets, like the later Kokang real power figures Luo Xinghan and Peng Jiasheng from this school.
These figures later developed a good influence, and the courage was also chaotic, and after yang Zhencai, the last toast of the Yang family, was arrested by the Burmese government in 1963, Luo Xinghan, Peng Jiasheng, Yang Maoliang and others sang and sang on the stage.
After several changes of hands, the actual rule of Kokang was finally obtained by Peng Jiasheng, who established the "Kokang Allied Army", with more than 3,000 people, making Kokang highly autonomous, so it was called "Kokang King".
In 2009, the Burmese government announced that it would reorganize all the armed forces in the Kokang area, Peng Jiasheng immediately refused, the two sides launched a fierce firefight, and finally the Kokang Allied forces were defeated, and Peng Jiasheng himself fled abroad. Since then, his armed forces in Kokang have often fought against government forces.
In 2015, when large-scale bloody clashes between kokang allies and the Burmese government broke out, Peng Jiasheng made a comeback and mobilized more than 3,000 people to resist, and the Burmese government immediately mobilized 12,000 people to suppress it.
The end result resulted in the deaths of 61 government soldiers and 72 Kokang armed men, and the casualty rate on both sides was similar when the government forces were in full advantage. It can be seen that the military strength of the Kokang region should not be underestimated.
In 2017, the Kokang Allied Forces launched an attack on a Burmese military barracks, killing about 30 people.
Even today, sporadic fighting has been found, and more than 70 years later, Burma has been unable to quell the bold resistance.
Speaking of the source of the conflict in the Kokang region, it lies in britain, which has not stopped making bad progress since the colonial era, and has created many conflicts around the world.