Forward, forward. The responsibilities of warriors are heavy, and the grievances of women are deep. In ancient times, Hua Mulan went to the army for her father, and now there are women and daughters who carry guns for the people.
In 1960, a movie called "Red Detachment of Women" swept the country. The film tells the story of Wu Qionghua's growth from a slave to a qualified female warrior during the Second Civil Revolutionary War and the battle story of the Hainan Red Women's Army.
Wu Qionghua in the movie is the handmaiden of the coconut grove village tycoon Nan Batian, who has escaped several times and has been caught and tortured. Nanba's Mandate of Heaven was going to beat her to death, and when she passed out on the ground, she met Hong Changqing, a Red Army cadre disguised as a wealthy overseas Chinese businessman. And saved Wu Qionghua. Under the guidance of Hong Changqing, she embarked on the revolutionary road. In fact, the Red Women's Scout Army and Wu Qionghua all have real character archetypes. The Red Women's Army is also recorded in the history of the Party, but the record before the 1950s is only 30 words: there was a female soldier company under the Qiongya Independent Division of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and the whole company had 120 people. In 1957, Liu Wenshao, a propaganda officer of the Hainan Military Region, created a documentary literature called "The Red Women's Army" to enrich this historical fact.
The Red Women's Army was founded in May 1931, and its full name is "Special Agent Company of the Women's Army of the Third Regiment of the Second Independent Division of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army". This is a real combat unit, not a hygienist or a member of the cultural corps that we think of. This is rare. However, the Red Detachment of Women only existed for more than 500 days, was scattered by the enemy, and has not been reorganized since. Except for some of them who died on the battlefield and a few who were captured, most of the rest returned to their original lives. , hidden without revealing. It wasn't until many years later that their story was accidentally discovered and made into a movie that people noticed the presence of this group of female soldiers.
According to the information of the Red Women's Army, in March 1931, the women of Hainan Lehui County established a "Red Women's Army" under the leadership of the local party organization, which was mainly responsible for the logistics and propaganda work of the Red Army troops. At that time, the team did not have guns, nor did they have uniform Red Army clothing, and in May, in order to arouse the awakening of women and increase the revolutionary force, the Qiongya Special Committee issued a notice in Lehui County to recruit women's troops, calling on women to pick up guns and fight side by side with men. The Qiongya Special Committee selected more than 100 people from more than 700 applicants and established a women's special agent company, that is, the Red Women's Army.
The first company commander of the Red Detachment of Women is pang Qionghua, which is the prototype of Wu Qionghua in the movie "Red Detachment of Women". Pang Qionghua was born in 1911 to a poor peasant family in Lingxia Village, Yangjiang Town, Hainan Province, and was betrothed by her parents at the age of 4. Pang Qionghua's brother was a revolutionary, and under his influence, Pang Qionghua joined the Young Pioneers at the age of 16, joined the Communist Youth League at the age of 17, and was later transferred to the county women's federation. In 1930, Pang Qionghua joined the Red Army, and in the battle, she was bold and careful, brave and strategic, and made many achievements. Therefore, in May 1931, the Women's Secret Service Company was formed, and the 20-year-old Pang Qionghua became the first company commander of the Red Women's Army.
The Red Women's Army led by Pang Qionghua fought several representative victories, such as ambushing Sha Hat Ridge, attacking the Wenshi Artillery Tower, pulling out the Yangjiang stronghold, and the Ma'anling Blockade Battle.
In the battle of ambushing Sand Hat Ridge, the main force decided to adopt the policy of enticing the enemy to penetrate deeper and annihilate in an all-round way, and the important task of luring the enemy army was entrusted to the Red Women's Army. The main force pretended to be pulled out, while the only remaining troops were the Red Lady Scouts. In fact, the main force returned that night and set up a siege at Sand Hat Ridge. When the enemy saw that only the Lady Scouts were left behind, they looked down on the Women's Army to fight, so they poured out of their nests and pounced on the Lady Scouts. Immediately, he was fiercely counterattacked by the Lady Scout Army. Pang Qionghua commanded the Niangzi Army to deliberately retreat, retreating all the way to Sha Hat Ridge, and the enemy army smiled and chased after it, saying that it was necessary to capture the Niangzi Army alive. Suddenly, the charge horn sounded, the killing sound was tremendous, and the main force killed hundreds of enemy troops, captured more than 70 people, and captured a large number of weapons and ammunition. The Girl Scout Army became famous in world war I and made collective achievements.
If it is said that the ambush battle of Sha hat Ridge is to cooperate with the main force, then the defense of Wenkui Ridge is the independent side of the Girl Scout Army. At that time, the main regiment of the Red Army was transferred, because there were military strongholds such as the Red Army's ordnance factory, ammunition factory and The Red Army hospital, and the enemy army saw the opportunity and came with a large group of people and horses to destroy. The military situation was urgent, and the Red Third Regiment, which was hundreds of miles away, planned to return to the division in the night of the stars to help. Pang Qionghua's army of women took the initiative to ask for battle and volunteered to defend WenkuiLing. Believing that the Detachment of Women had the ability to fight independently, the regimental commander agreed to their request and decided not to return to the main force of the Red Army for the time being.
Pang Qionghua
Pang Qionghua led the team to Wenkui Ridge overnight, digging trenches to build fortifications and preparing to meet the enemy army. Early the next morning, the enemy soldiers pounced in three ways, and the women's army hidden in the fortifications fired together, and the enemy's three consecutive charges were repelled. At this time, the charge horn sounded, and Pang Qionghua led the women's army to pounce on the enemy. The enemy collapsed and fled in a hurry. The victory in the Battle of Wenkuiling showed the combat ability of the Lady Scout Army alone.
In August 1932, the main force of the Qiongya Red Army was "encircled and suppressed" by a large number of enemy troops, and the enemy was outnumbered and lost the battle. In order to cover the retreat of the troops, the 10 female soldiers of the first company of the Niangzi Army were ordered to stay with the First Battalion of the Red Army to block the attack at Ma'anling, the battle was very fierce, the Niangzi Army showed great bravery, after the bullets were finished, they were stoned, and finally all died.
In the continuous encirclement and suppression of the enemy army, the headquarters decided to break the remaining Girl Scout Army into pieces, disperse and conceal, and the Girl Scout Army was forced to disband. Later, the Qiongya Red Army was basically scattered, and Pang Qionghua and 8 other cadres of the company platoon of the Niangzi Army were arrested and imprisoned, and later sent to Guangzhou for imprisonment. A photograph of Pang Qionghua being captured was published in the Shanghai pictorial magazine "Times" published in February 1933, in which Pang Qionghua wore a light-colored top, short hair, and hands tied behind her back, calmly addressing the people of Haikou.
In prison, Pang Qionghua was tortured and imprisoned for five years, only to be released in 1937 after the formation of the anti-Japanese united front. Pang Qionghua and most of the Girl Scout Army returned to their hometown, because the Girl Scout Army had been disbanded for many years and could not find an organization. According to rural customs in Qionghai, girls have children before the age of 15, and if they are not married after the age of 25, they are removed from the family tree. And these girl scouts were all over 25 years old when they came back, and with their special status, few people wanted to marry them.
Pang Qionghua is beautiful in appearance, outstanding in people, and lucky to marry a cultural person with backbone. Later, the Japanese army wanted to establish a maintenance association in her hometown, forcing Pang Qionghua's husband to become the president of the maintenance association, and he preferred to die unyieldingly and was killed by the Japanese army. The Japanese officers again took a fancy to Pang Qionghua and wanted to marry her, pang Qionghua refused to die, hiding in the mountains dozens of miles away, but unfortunately was found and killed by the Japanese army, only 31 years old.
The only female cadre in the Red Detachment of Women was Feng Zengmin, who married a Red Army soldier and was killed in battle after becoming pregnant. She continued to go up the mountain to find the party organization. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, she became the director of the Qionghai County Women's Federation. In 1958 she was also received by Chairman Mao and presented her with a fully automatic rifle, which was very famous at the time.