At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the royal family declined, the princes competed for hegemony, and the world was in chaos, and Confucius called this period "bad etiquette and happy collapse". Many of the intellectual sages fell into deep concern and bitter contemplation, trying to find a cure for China. And this period is also the period of the outbreak of civilization in the world, so there are many philosophers in the West of ancient Greece, shakyamuni appeared in ancient India, and in China, Confucius, Mencius, Mozi, Laozi, Yang Zhu, Shang Martin, Han Fei and a large number of pre-Qin sons have appeared, Confucianism, Ink, Taoism, Law and other hundreds of ideas have competed, creating the most brilliant and splendid history in the history of China's ideology and culture!
The reason why Mencius scolded Mozi for being "inferior to the beast" was not that the vixen scolded the street, but that it was based on the huge differences between Confucianism and Mojia thought. Interestingly, the two families agree that the root cause of the world is the lack of "love", but in the proposed solution, it is going in two directions that are incompatible!
The crux of the social contradictions between the Confucian and Mexican families is attributed to "not loving"
Some people compare the late Spring and Autumn Period to the end-of-the-world society, although it is a bit exaggerated, it cannot be said to be completely unreasonable. We know that the existence and development of a society depends on social order, the establishment of social order, and the construction of systems and culture. Without these two weapons, society is bound to go to chaos.
The collapse of the social order in the late Spring and Autumn period stemmed from the collapse of the patriarchal system founded by the Duke of Zhou!
Patriarchy and sub-feudalism
The patriarchal system is the first and most important system in our country, which has influenced the history of our country for thousands of years, and then evolved into a cultural gene that has penetrated deep into the marrow of the Chinese people. In short, the patriarchal system is a social order established by ethical relations, which takes the system of sub-feudalism and the system of primogeniture as the core, and divides the social population into several levels: tianzi, princes, secretaries, scholars, commoners, and slaves, forming a "stars arching the moon" structure with clear distinction between honor and inferiority and strict hierarchy, in order to make the world eternally solid.
However, over time, this seemingly unbreakable social structure has slowly loosened. The princes turned a deaf ear to Zhou Tianzi's orders, and The Qing Emperor was above the princes, and the courtiers even bullied the lords at will! As a result, down to the family, up to the princes and sons of heaven, those who should speak cannot be the Lord, the unqualified subordinates point fingers, the government decrees do not work, and the etiquette is bad! Therefore, the whole world attacked each other, and the princely states and the princely states had to fight, and the Qing Doctor and the Qing Doctor also had to fight, and even the princes and the Son of Heaven also fought!
This is the so-called "Spring and Autumn War without Righteousness", and it is the common people who suffer!
Confucianism believes that this social phenomenon is due to the lack of love. The basis of ethical relations is the distance of blood relations, and from the perspective of human nature, love is the core. Why didn't the Heavenly Son, princes, and secretaries of state who loved so fiercely love it? Quite simply, as they have passed, their blood relationship with each other has faded! It turned out that the monarchs of the various princely states were all Zhou Tian's uncles and brothers and sons, and now they were relatives of Zhou Tianzi many generations ago, how could they still have such deep love?
The Mo family also believes that society lacks love, they believe that all levels do not love each other, do not love each other, the superior exploits the subordinates, wastes social resources for no reason, and only by rebuilding the "order of love" can the problem be solved.
Why is the dispute between "benevolence" and "simultaneous love" intolerable?
Although they all found the same root cause, they prescribed different prescriptions, Confucius prescribed "benevolence", and Mozi prescribed "both love".
"Benevolent love" is love based on ethics, love based on blood relations, that is, love with differences. "Simultaneous love" is the love of equality, that is, the love of no difference, which eliminates all levels and blood relations.
To explain this, Confucianism believes that the order of love is based on ethics, and the closer the blood relationship, the deeper the love. For example, father and son are the closest, so love should be the deepest, the uncle relationship is farther away, love should be lighter, and the neighbor relationship is farther, so you can be indifferent. The Mo family opposed this Confucian view, and MoZi believed that between people and people, equal distance of love must be established to solve the problem.
Mo Zhai
As soon as Mozi's voice fell, he was immediately reprimanded by Confucianism, which is why Mencius scolded Mozi for "being inferior to animals": the ethics between people and people based on blood relations are nature, even animals know, how can you Mozi even erase nature? Doesn't this mean that there is no father in the heart? Isn't it better than even beasts? Therefore, Mencius's criticism is not a scolding street, but is indeed the result of deduction based on Mozi's theory!
Of course, saying this does not mean that the Confucian "benevolence" is impeccable, in fact, Mozi also grasped the Confucian pigtails!
"Moderately prosperous society" and "cosmopolitan world", who can solve the problem?
If the dispute between Confucianism and Ink is only regarded as a fight, it is too superficial, in fact, the dispute between the two families of Confucianism and Ink is far more wonderful than this!
The Confucian "benevolence" is, to put it bluntly, to restore the patriarchal system of the Zhou Gong and regress history to the "rule of virtue" society of the early Western Zhou Dynasty, also known as the "moderately prosperous society"! The Mo family's "simultaneous love" is, to put it bluntly, to restore the order of the Yao Shunyu period, and to regress history to the "primitive communist society" of the tribal alliance, that is, the "Datong society"!
Kong Qiu
The structure of the Western Zhou Dynasty was a patriarchal system based on ethics. Confucius believed that this order was fine, the problem was the degeneration of human nature, so he emphasized the education of "benevolence" and the need to rebuild the old order.
Mozi, on the contrary, believes that there is a problem with the "rule of virtue" of the Western Zhou Dynasty, precisely because the dignity and inferiority established by ethics leads to social injustice, resulting in the exploitation of the lower layer by the upper layer and the parasite by the upper layer. At the same time, it is precisely because of the "weekly ritual" that it leads to the waste of various senseless social resources.
Mozi advocates that everyone is equal, all people must participate in labor, and there is no privileged class! In order to practice his theory, the children of the Mo family paid a price unimaginable to ordinary people, and the hair on their legs was worn out by long-term labor!
Despite this, the Mo family was still in decline, and so was confucianism. That is to say, neither the Confucian nor The Mo families succeeded, and the later success of Confucianism was attributed to the neo-Confucianism of Dong Zhongshu in the Western Han Dynasty.
Why can't both Rumo and Mo solve the problem? The reason is that these two are driving history backwards, not facing the future! Society is developing, and the reason why history has become history is because the old system does not meet the requirements of development, has been eliminated, and tries to return to the past in vain, which can only be a failure!
Mozi, who is "inferior to animals and animals", also shines in China
Mencius believed that Yang Zhuzhi's theory and Mozi's theory were both heresies, and the result was "eating people with beasts"! Why did Mencius keep an eye on the Daomo family? Because at that time, the popularity of these two families completely overshadowed Confucianism, and reached the point where "the words of Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai are in the world, and the words of the world do not belong to Yang and return to Ink." "It can be seen that the influence of the Mo family's doctrine is great!
Meng Ke
Mozi is the most unusual of the hundred families of the sons, his identity is actually a commoner (even, some scholars believe that Mozi is likely to be a slave who has been tortured), and the other sons are all scholars, which is probably the basis for the birth of Mozi's idea of equality.
In addition to being a great thinker, Mozi was also a great social practitioner and scientist, and he founded a whole set of scientific theories with outstanding achievements in geometry, physics, and optics.
In addition, Mozi is good at construction machinery manufacturing, inventing a variety of weapons and siege equipment. The kite was invented by Mozi, and the transport vehicle he modified had a large weight and low effort. In addition, he was an important pioneer in logic and epistemology, as well as a pioneer in cosmology.
There is no shortage of great people in China who span disciplines, but it is indeed rare for a person like Mozi to have such a large span and such a prominent success! Therefore, later generations also called Mozi "Kesheng".
Although Mojia Thought has not become a governing concept, it, like Confucianism and other sub-ideas, has become an inaccessible factor melted in the blood of Chinese national culture, and they have jointly shaped the spiritual world of the sons and daughters of China! Therefore, Mozi is in our blood, in the depths of our souls, Mozi is immortal!