Wherever there is well water to drink, it is possible to sing willow words.
This is the famous Southern Song Dynasty lyricist Ye Mengde in the notes of the popularity of Liu Yong's lyrics record, from Ye Mengde's record can be seen that Liu Yong's words were widely circulated in the Song Dynasty, deeply loved by the general public at that time.
Liu Yong, a native of Chong'an, Fujian, was a famous lyricist of the Northern Song Dynasty and a representative of the Gentle Sect. Liu Yong was born in a family of officials and eunuchs with a strong academic style, his grandfather was a well-known literati in the township, his father was born into a jinshi, an official to the Ministry of Works, known for filial piety, and several of his uncles were also civil servants of the Great Song Dynasty.
Liu Yong also had two older brothers, who also passed the entrance examination and entered the sequence of civil servants of the Great Song Dynasty. Liu Yong was born in such a family of generations of Confucianism and full of scholars, and the family environment atmosphere gave Liu Yong the life path of studying, imperial examination, and becoming an official, and then like his father and brother, he entered the army with the imperial examination and realized the counterattack of life. Step into the ranks of the scholars.
However, Liu Yong's road to the imperial examination was full of ups and downs, Liu Yong first participated in the imperial examination at the age of 23, that year, he relied on his full talent, full of enthusiasm, and carried the expectations of his family to come to Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. Liu Yong was full of self-confidence, thinking that he would be able to win the title of the list, but the olive branch of the chief examiner did not favor this young talent, and Liu Yong tasted the bitter taste of falling off the list for the first time.
In disappointment and helplessness, wandering and hesitation, Liu Yong wrote "Endure the floating name, change the shallow and low singing" to express his full belly complaints.
Liu Yong's talent is obviously enough to cope with the imperial examination, but he seems to be a little bit of luck, and in the next three imperial examinations, he has always rubbed shoulders with the title of the golden list. After falling off the list four times, Liu Yong, in desperation, left kaifeng, the city where he had lived for many years, and it seemed that he could not find a sense of belonging in the city, so he lived a roaming life.
But when he was 51 years old, the triennial imperial examination came as scheduled, and this time the imperial examination adopted a relaxed admission system for students who had fallen behind in the past. Liu Yong heard the news, and immediately rushed from Ezhou to Kaifeng, in this scientific expedition, he finally won the title of gold list, and finally realized his long-cherished wish in life in the science field, and was awarded the post of training officer of the Muzhou regiment. Twilight and the first, let Liu Yong rejoice.
Liu Yong's road to the imperial examination was long, and in the years when he painstakingly prepared for each imperial examination, the cities of Kaifeng, Ezhou, Yangzhou, and Hangzhou became the cities he had settled in for many years. Although Liu Yong is in his twilight years, his path to eunuchs is also full of ups and downs, he has not been reused for a long time, and his talents have not been able to show the opportunity, so he has issued a life sigh of "eunuchs becoming a bondage brigade".
Liu Yong is familiar with musical rhythms and is good at filling in lyrics and composing music. At the same time, The long-term failure of the examination made Liu Yong have to change his way to seek fame and fame, constantly running between cities for his career. Whether it is before entering the career or during the eunuch period, the city is the place where Liu Yong has lived the longest. The bustling urban life ignited Liu Yong's pursuit of life, the city's lively wealth made Liu Yong nostalgic, and the description of urban life naturally became a theme of his lyrics.
Because of such life experience and life experience, Liu Yong is very familiar with the living customs of the citizens, and his words are inevitably stained with the smell of fireworks.
When Liu Yong was in Hangzhou, he wrote the popular "Looking at the Tide of the Sea". The phrase "Southeast Shape Victory, Three Wu Metropolis, Qiantang Prosperous since Ancient Times" has become a stereotype of people's impression of Hangzhou city since the Song Dynasty; "City Column Zhujie, Household YingLuoqi, Competitive Luxury", is a portrayal of Hangzhou's citizens' rich life and economic prosperity.
West Lake is a business card of Hangzhou. And Liu Yong praised the charm and charm of the West Lake with a large number of exquisite words in "Looking at the Tide of the Sea": the heavy lake is stacked with Qingjia. There are three autumn guizi and ten lotus flowers. Qiangguan makes it clear, Lingge pans the night, and plays fishing for Lotus Baba.
The inner lake and the outer lake overlap, and the clear water reflects the overlapping mountains, which is beautiful and beautiful. Hangzhou has beautiful scenery, autumn has the fragrance of dangui, summer has a full of lotus flowers; on sunny days, the qiang flute is melodious, the song is all night, the sound is in the ears, and the music sets off the peaceful atmosphere very well; the old man who fishes and the lotus girl smile and smile, and the people living here are stable and rich. Hangzhou's customs and customs jumped on the paper, and Liu Yong vividly expressed the feelings of life in Hangzhou in the word "Wanghai Tide".
Liu Yong's "Wanghai Tide" is a model of the Song Dynasty's urban words, the lyricist with profound literary attainments and extraordinary artistic wrist strength, vividly, concretely and vividly describes the prosperity of Hangzhou city, describes the real feelings of seeing and hearing, and shows the prosperity of the Song Dynasty city: not only a large population, a huge scale, a prosperous commercial trade, an economically developed economy, rich culture, exquisite buildings, convenient transportation, and a beautiful ecological environment, a variety of entertainment activities, people's life is rich, the spiritual world is full, and man and nature are harmoniously integrated.
In Liu Yong's lyrics, many words are aimed at urban scenery and urban life. Of course, the city that appears most often in its words is Kaifeng. Since his youth, Liu Yong came to the capital city of Kaifeng as a student, and he traveled all over Kaifeng, filling in lyrics and composing music everywhere he went, praising Kaifeng.
The Northern Song Dynasty literary scholar Chen Shidao recorded in the "Poetry of Houshan" that Liu Yong traveled to appreciate kaifeng: "Liu Sanchang (Liu Yong) traveled to the south and north of the eastern capital of the second lane, as a new music house, the dice followed the customs, the world chanted, and then passed on the forbidden." ”
Among the many lyrics describing the cityscape of Kaifeng, his "Looking at the Flowers" can be said to be an outstanding work of the same kind, the original words are as follows:
Jade Ridge Golden Step Dance Shungan. There are many joys in the wilderness. The scenery of jiuqu and three cities is beautiful, and it is a thousand families and a busy pipe. Fenglou Linqi Mo, Jia Qi non-smoke.
Elegant and hee-hee. Bear with it. The laughing feast and singing are even at dusk, and the flag pavilion and the fighting wine are ten thousand. Where it is good to appreciate, only the front of the honor.
The opening of the lyrics sets off a stable and joyful atmosphere: it is a place with convenient transportation and beautiful scenery; people here live and work in peace and contentment, and people here are immersed in a prosperous, lively, prosperous and rich urban life.
The opening sentence "Yucheng Jinjie Dance Shungan", the lyricist first wrote from the court in Kaifeng, the court at this time is a scene of singing and dancing. The Jade City and the Golden Steps are intertextual, both referring to the steps in the court.
The next "asano rejoicing" is an extension of the description of the previous sentence. The unspoken meaning of the writer is that there is an atmosphere of joy at all levels of the government and the public, inside and outside the court. Due to the view that "the multi-accumulation of gold and the field house is left behind by the descendants, and the singers and dancers are all day long", the treatment of the scholar class in the Song Dynasty was very high.
The imperial court not only provided generous treatment to the scholars, but also allowed them to hold large-scale song and dance banquets at home, which formed the atmosphere of the scholars' timely entertainment of "not tasting a day without feasting and drinking", and this atmosphere became a very popular thing in the Song Dynasty scholar class.
The northern Song Dynasty economy developed, the new pattern of the integration of fang and city injected vitality into urban life, and the urban commercial economy mushroomed like mushrooms, providing more convenience for the lives of citizens. The development of the city is inseparable from the development of culture, and cultural and recreational activities are indispensable factors for urban development, so in order to meet the needs of the citizen class, cultural and entertainment activities have also shown a rich and colorful new look.
At that time, Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was like an international metropolis. The cultural and entertainment activities here are very prosperous, and here are first-class writers and artists, who gather here from all directions to pursue art and fame and fortune, and Liu Yong is also one of them.
In the next "Beautiful Scenery of Jiuqu And Three Cities", the lyricist will focus on the traffic and urban scenery of Kaifeng. The streets are bustling with people, and it's a picture of the city full of flowers.
Liu Yong lived in Kaifeng for many years, and many of his lyrics have descriptions of Kaifeng streets, such as "Feng Guiyun" "Love Emperor Li, Jingu Garden, Pingkang Lane Strange, Touch Bustling", these words and phrases describe the lively scene of Kaifeng with the street as the axis, the street runs through the development of Kaifeng, and a large number of people are concentrated here, injecting fresh vitality into it.
The prosperity of the streets and the convenience of transportation have greatly improved the development space of the city, thereby meeting and enhancing people's living needs. The expansion of roads has made the city no longer a simple gathering place for people, and the activities of relatives and friends, trade exchanges, festivals and other activities on the streets have made the city a public facility for people.
"Zheng Wanjia, urgent pipes and strings", the streets are bustling with traffic, the streets are lined with high-rise buildings, and the pleasant silk and bamboo orchestras coming out of the Gelou Restaurant are a microcosm of the prosperity of the city. The development of the city has enriched people's cultural and entertainment life.
The prosperity and development of the urban economy led to the prosperity of urban culture and entertainment, and the urban cultural and entertainment industry achieved unprecedented prosperity and development in the Song Dynasty. The song house and the restaurant became an important performance venue, and various cultural and artistic performances such as small singing, miscellaneous opera, history telling, novels, scattered music, shadow drama, palace tune, and business mysteries that arose in the Song Dynasty were concentrated here.
In the song building and restaurants, people from all walks of life in Kaifeng may meet friends in poetry and exchange literature and art; or listen to music and singing, watch various artistic performances; or sit quietly and spend a day in the comfort of a glass of wine and a cup of tea.
Liu Yong is also a member of this city, so he has a deep sense of identification with their lives from the bottom of his heart, which is a prosperous urban scene of Liu Yong's "Ten Thousand Families Competing for New Voices". Therefore, Liu Yong is willing to fill their fleeting beauty into the words, and freeze this beautiful picture in the form of words.
"Fenglou Linqi Mo, JiaQi non-smoke", or the lyricist's narrative of the prosperous cultural and entertainment life in Kaifeng, Fenglou here refers to the Qinlou Chuguan. When Liu Yong lived in Kaifeng, he once lingered in fireworks alleys, and he wrote a large number of lyrics in the song building, and the life of the song building brought a lot of inspiration and materials to the lyricist.
Ye Mengde said in the "Summer Escape Record": "When Liu Yong was a son, he was more narrow and evil, and good was a lyric. Every time the musicians get a new voice, they will seek eternal words and begin to walk in the world, so the sound is spread for a while. ”
Liu Yong's relationship with the singers is extremely close, and his interaction with them is also very sincere. What is particularly valuable is that Liu Yong praised the singer's beautiful appearance, graceful style, kind quality and various skills with sincere emotions, flowing writing and flying talent. These lyrics reflect the prosperity of Kaifeng culture and entertainment at that time from one side.
The lyrics composed by Liu Yong are deeply appreciated by the singers, who love Liu Yong's words and regard Liu Yong as a confidant. Liu Yong also calls them confidants in the words, willing to give them his love, sympathy, love, and love, he is willing to share joys and sorrows with them, he is willing to witness the bits and pieces of life with them, and he is willing to feel the fireworks of the city with them.
Therefore, Liu Yong would say that "the belt gradually widened and there was no regret in the end, and the people were haggard for Yi Que", so he would write "Ya Vulgar Xi Xi Material Yan." Bear with the burden of the year", the situation is self-evident: it contains not only a piece of affection of the lyricist, but also a sense of identity of the lyricist and the singers who are "the same fallen people at the end of the world".
And Liu Yong's lyrics have also become popular songs that have swept the north and south of the river through the singing of singers, once causing the grand situation of "where there is well water, that is, you can sing willow words".
"Laughing feast song xi even dim, Ren flag pavilion, fighting wine ten thousand" is the lyricist's description of the night scene of Kaifeng. People held banquets all night long, laughter and laughter echoed through the sky, and everyone was indulging in joy. In the restaurant, people drink and fight freely, and the joyful atmosphere reaches the extreme under the brewing of wine.
The poet's Kaifeng lights are red and green, and the night market lights are all night long, which is a grand situation of a city that never sleeps, and the prosperity of the night market is also a portrayal of the economic prosperity of Kaifeng.
In Liu Yong's lyrics, the night scene of Kaifeng is also one of the scenes often described by the lyricist. The night view can not only see the prosperity of the city's nightlife at that time, but also allow people to feel the nightlife atmosphere of Kaifeng from the words of LiuYong's emotions, temperature and fireworks after a thousand years.
Only by witnessing the prosperity of the city can we write a magnificent urban word. If Zhang Zeduan's "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty" expresses the urban scenery in the form of painting, then Liu Yong vividly reproduces the urban scenery of the Northern Song Dynasty in the form of lyrics.
For example, in the term "Sauvignon Blanc", Liu Yong described the night scene of Kaifeng as follows: "Painting drums and noisy streets, orchid lights full of the city, the beginning of the moon shines on yancheng." "The lyricist shows the light of the first lights and the street scene reflected by the moon in two different colors, which has a strong sense of nightlife ritual.
In the word "Look at the Flowers", Liu Yong wraps up the whole word with "where it is good to appreciate, only zunqian", these two sentences are harmonious in rhyme, both emotional and rhyme, and the aftertaste is timeless. Holding the wine in front of the bottle and singing in a low voice, this is the most pleasant and romantic thing in life realized by the lyricist. In the eyes of the writer, no matter how magnificent life is, it will eventually be wrapped in a steaming fireworks world, and it will still be treated tenderly by the world.
The word "Looking at the Flowers" shows the vigorous vitality and prosperity of Kaifeng, and the words reveal the lyricist's love and nostalgia for Kaifeng, and this heartfelt nostalgia and nostalgia for Kaifeng accompany the lyricist's life.
In his later years, this emotion was even stronger, Liu Yong said in the word "Pouring Cup", "Want to see the emperor, the famous garden and the fragrant trees, the flowers are good", perhaps there are people he loves deeply, there are the city scenes he loves deeply, there is the pyrotechnic smell of his attachment, all of which converge into a powerful magnetic field, which deeply attracts Liu Yong.
Through Liu Yong's emotions between the lines in "Looking at the Flowers", we can't see that he is a frank, willful, romantic lyricist. His lyrics were widely accepted and sung to this day, perhaps it was really his innermost innocence and softness that held him up.
Liu Yong is a milestone in the history of Song Dynasty, and its words mark a new stage in the development of Song words. Liu Yong boldly innovated the writing mode of urban words, pioneering the introduction of fu techniques into words, and showed the scenic spots and worldly feelings of the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty with exaggerated rhetorical techniques. Liu Yong lived in the city most of his life, personally experiencing the customs and bustle of the city, and these became the source of Liu Yong's urban words.