Qi Feast Gongzi, Embroidery Lady, Flower Note of Leaf Leaf, Wen Shu Li Jin; Lift the Jade Finger of Fiber, And Press the Champagne.
Not without words of clarity, with a pampered attitude.
——Five generations of lyricist Ouyang Jiong, "Flower Collection Sequence"
As it is said in this passage, words were chanted in the form of songs in the late Tang Dynasty and the Fifth Dynasty; moreover, words were mostly a form of entertainment used to entertain guests during wine and banquets, so the words at this time obviously had a fragrant and gentle style.
Huajian lyricists led the wave of word style at this time, and after the Huajian word school, after the inheritance and development of lyricists such as Feng Zhengzhong and Li Houzhuan of the Southern Tang Dynasty, the paradigm of word creation based on XiaoLing was basically established. The lyrics of this period are mainly based on female tenderness, and soft and feminine is also the main popular element of the lyrics of this period.
This trend directly had a direct impact on the poetry circle of the early Song Dynasty, so that even Wang Guowei could not help but say: "Feng Zhengzhongzi, although it does not lose the style of the five generations, but the hall is very large, opening up the atmosphere of the Northern Song Dynasty." ”
The first is the Song Dynasty poet Yan Shu, Yan Shu is the representative of the Song Dynasty word circle, Yan Shu's words are mostly lyrical between the feast of leisure and elegance and men and women miss each other, parting between the love of the grievances, so leisure and elegance and resentment have become the two major styles of Yan Shu words, such as "a new word wine a cup", "it is better to pity the people in front of you", these far-reaching, well-known words are Yan Shu's handwriting.
Yan Shu (晏殊), courtesy name Tongshu, was a native of Linchuan (present-day Fuzhou, Jiangxi). At the age of 14, Yan Shu took the temple examination as a child prodigy and was born as a scholar, and he held important positions in his lifetime, and was known as Yan Yuanxian. The most eye-catching achievement of Yan Shu's eunuch career is that he has been promoted many times, such as Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Ouyang Xiu and others have all left his door.
Yan Shu was a young man with a smooth career, he had served as the prime minister, and most of his circle of friends was the same scholar class as him, so feasting, singing and dancing, and gathering were the main entertainment and leisure methods after their work; coupled with the entertainment and entertainment nature of "Words for Yanke", this also determined that Yan Shu's lyric creation was developed around a leisurely and leisurely life.
There is a famous story in the history of words about a conversation between Yan Shu and Liu Yong, and it is said that after Liu Yong passed the examination for the rank of jinshi, the official position given to him by the officials was far from Liu Yong's expectations, and Liu Yong went to Yan Shu for help.
At that time, Yan Shu held the position of prime minister and was a famous rich lyricist; while Liu Yong was the representative of grassroots lyricists, and his lyrics were popular in Qinlou Chuguan.
Yan Shu asked Liu Yong if he could fill in the lyrics and compose music recently, Liu Yong replied that like Yan Gong, he often filled in some lyrics, Yan Shu said that although he filled in the lyrics and composed, he did not fill in such vulgar words as "color line lazily accompanied by Yi sitting", Liu Yong understood Yan Shu's implications, that is, Yan Shu did not like his lyrics, so he left unhappily.
From this dialogue, it can be seen that Yan Shu and Liu Yong have different style and aesthetics of lyrics, and Yan Shu has a lot of criticism of the vulgarity of Liu Shu, thus showing the aesthetic orientation of Yan Shu's lyrics Shangya.
Most of Yan Shu's lyrics are the joy of the banquet, but Yan Shu's lyrics also have works of writing sorrow, but the sorrow in Yan Shu's writing is a shallow sadness, a faint sorrow, these words express his thoughts on life, and the thoughts on life are empathetic, that is, everyone will experience.
True literary and artistic works must not only express what people want to say, but also express subtle emotions that people want to say but cannot say. Yan Shu is such a lyricist, and his "Huan Xi Sha" is a work that poetically explores life and life. The original words are as follows:
A new song for a glass of wine, last year's weather old pavilion. When does the sun set?
Helpless flowers fell, and déjà vu returned. The small garden incense path wanders alone.
Yan Shu's status was honorable, and he liked to set up a feast at home and entertain guests, and Ye Mengde's "Summer Escape Record" recorded: "Although Yan Yuanxian was rich and noble in his early years, he was minimalist. But the guests are happy, they do not taste a day without feasting and drinking, and the dishes are not prepared, and the guests are in the whirlpool camp. ”
After work, Yan Shu lived a life of "happy guests, not a day without feasting and drinking", poetry and wine, what else was he worried about?
This "Huan Xi Sha" happens to be a refraction of the inner emotions of the lyricist, through the expression between the lines, we will find that the original lyricist's idleness is the sadness of the easy loss of beautiful things, that is, the sadness of the spring light.
The opening sentence "A glass of wine with a new song", the lyricist presents a very audiovisual banquet scene for the reader with a relaxed and soothing melody, a melodious tune and a catchy text.
The joyful banquet scene makes people feel comfortable, the lyricist indulges in the song and dance and chanting on the banquet, such a banquet scene and entertainment atmosphere stimulates the lyricist's feelings, the ultimate audio-visual experience and enjoyment stimulate the lyricist's feelings, he fills in the words on the spot, to help the banquet.
However, the next sentence "last year's weather old pavilion", the words seem to faintly reveal a trace of sadness in the heart of the writer. It turned out that the lyricist recalled a banquet last year, how joyful and lively it was today last year, but the years passed in a hurry, and now I have to be alone to remember the good times.
The writer looks up at the beautiful sunset, the sunset is infinitely good, but it is nearly dusk, the writer can't help but sigh: tomorrow will come again, and the good time that rushed away is gone. Yan Shu's depiction of the natural scenery of the sunset appropriately reveals his inner sadness, so that his subjective emotions and the natural phenomenon of the sunset are integrated and intertwined.
With "sunset" as the center, Yan Shu integrates emotion, scenery and reason, expressing the confusion and helplessness of the shortness of human life and the eternalness of the natural universe. In the low murmur and shallow singing, the lyricist's somewhat leisurely quiet and the sense of twilight of life that is fleeting in time are revealed, which also brings a little sentimentality, helplessness and pity to the reader.
The next film is mainly written that spring is about to pass, the scene of a hundred flowers is about to disappear, and then there is a late spring scene that falls red everywhere. Why is the writer so sensitive to falling red? The reason is very simple, in Yan Shu's eyes, the hundred flowers represent the beautiful things in spring, but as the spring gradually drifts away, the beautiful will also be fleeting.
"Helpless flowers fall, déjà vu swallow returns", in the late spring, the flowers are about to fall, is a natural phenomenon of the change of seasons and the passage of time, although the writer touches the scene and hurts, but this is also a helpless thing. The swallows returned in autumn and returned to the nests built in previous years.
When the writer sees the swallows flying back to the courtyard, there is a feeling of déjà vu, but the good days are gone. At the end of the banquet, the guests all left one after another, and the lyricist wandered alone on the path in the garden, and the inexplicable idleness spread like ripples in the heart, so that the lyricist could not be calm for a long time.
Yeah, the flowers are similar every year. Last year's flowers will bloom this year, and the swallows that flew away last year will fly back this year; last year's willows withered, and this year will be green again; last year's peach blossoms will bloom again this year, and there will be a time to bloom again. But time is gone.
"Flowers falling" and "returning from yan" were originally the most common things in nature, but after the lyricist added "helpless" and "déjà vu", he incorporated this extremely ordinary natural phenomenon into the philosophy of limited life and eternal time, showing a kind of unworldly embrace and subtle and introverted mood.
Therefore, the aria of "when does the sun set in the west" in the words is by no means the innocent groan of the lyricist, "the small garden incense path wanders alone", and it cannot be completely equated with the idle stroll.
The writer perceives the infinite universe with a finite life, and puts life into the vast scope of time and space to think, so the word has a certain heavy philosophical charm.
The reason why this song has been passed down through the ages is first of all to be good at capturing the feelings of the moments in life, and to elevate this feeling to a certain philosophical meaning and then to write freely.
Yan Shu composes lyrics, good at grasping the momentary feelings in daily life, integrating subjective emotions into clear natural scenes, thus creating a fresh artistic conception, the words contain the lyricist's graceful and leisurely attitude towards life, often showing the lyricist's nostalgia for the colorful life and the sadness of the twilight of life. Such as this song "Qing Ping Le":
The golden wind is thin, and the leaves and leaves are falling. Green wine is easy to get drunk at first taste, and a pillow small window sleeps heavily.
Ziwei hibiscus flowers are remnants, but the oblique sun is dry. When the two swallows want to return, the silver screen was lightly cold last night.
The opening two sentences, "The golden wind is thin, and the leaves and leaves of the sycamore fall", to the effect that the slight autumn wind blows, and the leaves of the sycamore flutter and fall. "Fine", depicting the sound of the autumn wind; "leaves", the scene of leaves falling.
The autumn wind and fallen leaves in the writer's pen are calm and leisurely, reading such a beautiful sentence, the reader's eyes will also appear in front of the autumn wind, the picture of the falling leaves, such a rhythmic sense of autumn wind and leaves is full of poetry, it seems to be as calm and leisurely as the lyricist's state of mind.
The next two sentences, "Green wine is easy to get drunk at the first taste, and a pillow of small windows sleeps", to the effect that: people who taste mellow wine for the first time are easily drunk, so they have to lie down in front of the small window and sleep well.
In such a harmonious autumn and refreshing autumn day, the lyricist is accompanied by fine wine, and the scenery in front of him and the fine wine in the cup just constitute a beautiful picture of the combination of man and the scenery, which is also a portrayal of the writer's leisurely and comfortable life.
Because of the drinking, the drunkenness struck, and after a while I fell asleep. However, the lyricist does not drink much wine, why sink into sleep, the original lyricist has a little bit of idleness, borrowing wine to dispel sorrow, but it is easy to enter the drunken state.
"Ziwei hibiscus flowers are remnants." The slanting sun is dry", these two sentences are the scenes in the courtyard that the writer saw after he woke up, which belonged to the visual description, after he woke up, it was already dusk, only to see the hibiscus flowers and purple weed flowers in the courtyard falling in pieces.
From the fallen leaves of the sycamore on the upper piece to the petals falling on the lower piece, the writer expresses his mood at this time through the subtle feelings of the things around him.
"Double swallows want to return to the season", at dusk, the oblique sun is shining on the dry, the lyricist can't help but reminisce, at this time, it is the swallow under the eaves to return home, this sentence seems to be the lyricist without any emotion of expression, it seems that the relationship with the entire meaning of the word is not very large, but just right to set off the lyricist's emotions, so that the word to avoid the blind depiction of the scene, but also to avoid the verbosity of the word, with the role of harmonizing the atmosphere, buffering the rhythm.
The swallow is the archetypal imagery in ancient Chinese literature and has a unique cultural meaning. First of all, the swallow represents the change of seasons and the passage of time, the swallow is a migratory bird, autumn to spring, the writer is to write the passage of time through the migration of migratory birds, indicating that the laws of nature cannot be changed; secondly, the swallows fly in pairs to reflect the loneliness of the lyricist. Through the use of swallow imagery, Yan Shuzi expresses the endless melancholy of the lyricist and the rational thinking about the twilight of life.
What is the writer's anxiety at this time? In fact, what Yan Shu wants to express is that the scene in front of him is the autumn wind, fallen leaves, residual flowers and slanting sun, and these scenes together are a picture of autumn becoming stronger, which is a natural scene, the change brought about by the change of seasons, and all of this is helpless to the lyricist.
The lyricist uses the change of seasons and the change of scenery to express the change of his emotions, and uses the rendering and foil of the scenery to express his inner emotions, so the meaning of the word has a deep and elegant beauty.
The lyricist was led out by the swallow double fly "silver screen last night was slightly cold", which further deepened the loneliness of the lyricist when he lived alone, so he recalled the drunken situation last night, and after thinking about it carefully, he knew that it was a person who was alone after getting drunk last night, at this time, a lonely mood surged into his heart, and the lyricist's idleness was overflowing with words.
Yan Shu's "Qing Ping Le", the whole text is plain and plain, the plain words play a gentle tone, the tone of the whole word is natural, the mood is quiet, although there is still the afterglow of the words between the flowers, but it is its own style.
It can be seen from these two poems that in real life, when Yan Shu faces the passage of time and the gathering of less and more in life, he not only produces a sense of aging and loneliness, but also is difficult to extricate himself from, and often immerses himself in loneliness.
Shaohua is easy to pass away, Zhu Yan is easy to change, relatives and friends are easy to disperse, how much do you know about the joys of life? The lyricist's heart is often full of doubts, entanglement and helplessness, so the words are full of his sense of emptiness about life.
However, when Yan Shu expresses this sense of emptiness, it is obvious that there is no sense of "mourning", first of all, his words are soothing in style, like a leisurely stroll; secondly, the language of Yan Shu's words is exquisite and elegant, and the light sadness reveals a detached temperament, which contains resentment and mourning in the leisurely and elegant weather, forming a style of leisure and elegance and humorous mourning.
This style has left a good reputation for him in the history of words, because his lyrics inherit the fresh and graceful afterglow of the five generations of lyricists Wei Zhuang and Feng Yanwei, and the gentle schools such as Xiaqi Yanjidao and Qin Guan contain elegant pioneers, it can be said that Yan Shu is a lyricist with the role of inheriting the first and the latter in the Northern Song Dynasty.