Nanyang Wollongong Wuhou Ancestral Hall is a large-scale ancient architectural complex in southwest Henan, with high cultural relics, art, science and social value, which is embodied in:
1. Historical value
Nanyang City is located in the birthplace of the Chinese nation, with a long history and splendid culture, and Nanyang Wuhou Ancestral Hall is one of the most important cultural tourism resorts. The Nanyang Wuhou Ancestral Hall was founded in the Wei and Jin dynasties, and according to the "Notes on the School of The Chronicle of Nanyang Prefecture of Ming Jiajing" and the "Longgang Zhi" of Qing Kangxi, after Zhuge Liang died of illness, his general Huang Quan led his clan to build a nunnery in Wollongong, Nanyang, and was then called "Zhuge An". During the Jin Yongxing period, when the Zhennan general Liu Hong "Zhen Wan" attacked Zhang Chang, he "Guan Liang's former residence" and "li jie table Lu". In the Tang Dynasty, the Nanyang Wuhou Ancestral Hall appeared many times in the works of famous literati such as Li Bai, Bai Juyi, xu hun and so on, among which Liu Yuxi's "Buried Room Inscription" "Nanyang Zhuge Lu, Western Shu Zi Yunting, Confucius Yun' What is ugly? The most famous sentence is the one. It can be seen that the Nanyang Wuhou Ancestral Hall has become a famous cultural landscape as early as the Tang Dynasty. In particular, in the study of historical topics such as the history of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the examination of Zhuge Liang's cultivation of cultivated land, the Wuhou Ancestral Hall in Wollongong, Nanyang provides important information. It should be admitted that due to the limitations of the times, the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is too brief in its record of Zhuge Liang's cultivation of cultivated land, and in addition to the appearance of strange historical materials in the vast sea of historical documents that "smell different words, each born of each other" (Pei Song's words) is inevitable, so in the interpretation of Zhuge Liang's cultivated land, there has been a great controversy since the Ming and Qing dynasties in Nanyang and Xiangyang, and the lawsuits between the two places have hit the imperial court at that time, which has become a long-term existence in China's historical circles, and there is no clear conclusion at present. In the Wuhou Ancestral Hall in Wollongong, Nanyang, a large number of inscriptions preserved, such as Wang Qian's "Han Cheng Xiang Zhuge Zhongwu Marquis Temple Stele" in the Yuan Dynasty, "seven miles west of Nanyang Zhicheng, and near the Gang known as Wolong, it is commonly believed that Wuhou is a hermitage." Ming Wangzhi's "Reconstruction of zhuge Wuhou Temple" "In the west of Nanyang County, there is Fulong rising, known as Wollonggang. Marquis Wu of Han zhuge lived here, so he built a shrine to worship him. In the Yuan Dynasty, he Weixing County, the political minister of Pingzhang, Henan Province, was ill and had a division under Him Chongguangzhi. Also to the east of the temple, a college was built to set up officials and raise soldiers. The imperial court, the famous academy known as Zhuge Academy, the ancestral hall of wuhou. Ming Yang Shiqi's "Dingjian Zhuge Kong Ming Ancestral Monument" "Go to the west of Nanyang City Seven Li Xu, there is Gang Yan, known as Wolong; there is An Yan, Yue Zhuge ; there is a well, Gai Gong (Zhuge Liang) often draw and drink; there is a shrine, where the corpse of the State people zhu Gong (Zhuge Liang) is also." Ming Renyi's "Book Pointing to the Dao Stele Yin" "refers to the old stele of the dao, Mr. Zhuge Old Lu, five miles southwest of the present-day fu city, to the xiang Deng pipe road two hundred and thirty steps." Qing Kecai's "Rebuilding the Monument of wuhou ancestral hall" "Hou Ancestral Hall is all over the world, and the most author has Three Yan. Considering its relics, Yu Langya was born back to it; Shu yu Dian, repaying its merits and cherishing its virtue; to Nanyang, it also cultivated obscure land. From ancient times to the present, it is said that there are Wollongong clouds." Qing Luojing's "Reconstruction of the Wollongong Zhongwu Ancestral Hall" "Nanyang is seven miles west of the city, and there is Wollongong. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, the situation is endless, and it is cultivated for Wuhou, three gudi" and so on. At the same time, there are more than 200 ancient trees in Nanyang Wuhou Ancestral Hall, 1 tree with an age of more than 1,000 years, 15 trees aged 600 to 800 years, and 60 trees aged 300 to 500 years. These inscriptions and ancient trees from one side provide physical evidence for Zhuge Liang's study of cultivated land.
2. Artistic value
Nanyang Wuhou Ancestral Hall integrates the styles of garden architecture, ancestral temple architecture and Nanyang folk houses, showing a high level of architectural art, with rich plane forms, changeable spatial combinations, harmonious group layout, and beautiful environmental configuration. The stele inside the shrine is lined with stones and becomes a scene. The Wuhou Ancestral Hall preserves more than 400 inscriptions since the Han Dynasty, ranking first in the Wuhou Ancestral Hall in the country. Its content is rich and rich, and the inscriptions of people's memories and songs are all prepared, which is an important material for recording the historical evolution of the Wuhou Ancestral Hall in Nanyang. Inscription calligraphy and true grass seals are all-encompassing. Among them, the Han "Zhang Jingzuo Earth Cow Stele", "Li Mengchu Stele", "Zhao To Stele" and other three-way Han stele are rare treasures in the world. Others, such as Yue Fei's "Table of Teachers" stele, either won with calligraphy, or were known for their words. The plaques on the hall are linked, hanging high and hanging low, and many of them have deep achievements in calligraphy. The pen body is vigorous and elegant, and has always been respected by calligraphy enthusiasts at home and abroad. Skilled craftsmen engrave the calligraphy of celebrities on wooden plaques, which are concave and convex, and the knives and pens are bold, and the three points into the wood are extraordinary. The stele, joint and plaque of Wuhou Ancestral Hall integrate literature, calligraphy and painting, and are a precious treasure house of art.
3. Scientific value
This group of buildings is a temple building with a lot of garden style, which can be called a model of garden in southwest Henan. The main buildings of Nanyang Wuhou Ancestral Hall maintain the artistic style of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, with a rigorous layout, dense and appropriate, echoing before and after, setting off each other, according to the situation of the mountains, staggered, and can be called the first of the famous scenic spots in southwest Henan. It integrates some characteristics of garden architecture, religious architecture and local residential architecture, shows a high level of architectural art, reflects the superb skills and ingenuity of ancient laborers, and provides valuable information for the study of ancient architecture, especially the occurrence and development of monumental architecture.
4. Social value
Nanyang Wuhou Ancestral Hall as a place of worship for Zhuge Liang in previous generations, the sacrifice tradition has been passed down to this day, developed into a folk worship activity with distinctive characteristics, played a decisive role in the formation of the history and culture of this region, folk customs and folk customs, through the inheritance of the intangible culture of sacrifice to promote the protection of related tangible culture, and has a wide range of social impact. Thus providing an opportunity for the development of culture, tourism, ecology, agricultural structure and modern service industry in Nanyang area, and effectively promoting the construction of a harmonious local society.
As an important cultural resource of Nanyang City, Nanyang Wuhou Ancestral Hall plays an important role in promoting the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, promoting the cultural dissemination of Nanyang City and even Henan Province, driving the cause of cultural heritage protection and promoting the construction of regional material civilization. Nanyang Wuhou Ancestral Hall has a long history, many existing cultural relics, the layout is relatively complete, the protection of Wuhou Ancestral Hall will provide real information for the study of the history, science and technology, and humanities contained in Han culture, Three Kingdoms culture, and Zhuge Liang culture.
Author: Liu Yudong Former director of Nanyang Museum, research librarian