[Why did the Battle of Diaoyu City between Mongolia and the Southern Song Dynasty last for 36 years?] How great was this battle in history? About 5 kilometers east of Hechuan County, Sichuan, there is a mountain about 400 meters high, which is fish-shaped in the distance, known as Diaoyu Mountain. In the 13th century AD, it was on this unobtrusive hill that the military and civilians of Sichuan in the Southern Song Dynasty performed a historical drama that shocked the world and mourned the ghosts.
After the fall of jin in 1234, the Mongols began the War against the Song Dynasty. In order to preserve the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Southern Song Dynasty began to strengthen its defense in Sichuan. Since the Western Sichuan Plain was undefendable, Chengdu was once captured by the Mongol army that was good at field warfare in 1236, so the focus of the Southern Song Dynasty's defense shifted to the dangerous eastern Sichuan region.
In 1240, Peng Daya, the deputy envoy of the Southern Song Dynasty sichuan, was building the city of Chongqing
At that time, the dispatched troops to build a cottage on diaoyu Mountain in Hezhou (present-day Hechuan), about 70 kilometers north of Chongqing, to screen Chongqing. In 1242, Yu Jiu, a famous anti-war figure in the Southern Song Dynasty, was ordered to govern Sichuan, and he adopted the suggestion of the brothers Ran Jin and Ran Pu of Bozhou (present-day Zunyi) to build more than 20 cities on the mountain, of which diaoyu city was built on the basis of the diaoyu cottage in 1243.
Diaoyu Mountain, where Diaoyu City is located, is about 20 kilometers around, surrounded by the Jialing River in the north, west and south, and bordered by Huaying Mountain in the east, with dangerous terrain. Diaoyu City is built on a mountain, with two stone walls about two or three meters high inside and outside, and a "one-character city wall" on both sides that extends straight into the river from the mountain. The city has complete military and living facilities, and there is sufficient grain and water: there is a water army wharf on the riverbank, and there are garrison barracks and military training schools in the city. Yu Jiu moved the hezhou administration to Diaoyu City and commanded the anti-japanese war in this area. In the early summer of 1254, the Mongol army invaded Hezhou and was defeated by the army led by Wang Jian, the defender of the old city of Hezhou, and Wang Jian was promoted to Hezhou Zhizhou. He mobilized 170,000 migrant workers from various counties to build and strengthen Diaoyu City, accumulate grain and soldiers in the city, and prepare for long-term resistance.
In 1258, the Mongol army attacked the Song in three major ways, one of which led the main force of the Great Khan Möngke (Yuan Xianzong) to attack Sichuan. Meng Ge attempted to conquer all parts of Sichuan in one fell swoop through the Imperial Conquest, control the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, cut off the support of the Southern Song Dynasty, and enable the Mongol army to go down the east side of the river and destroy the Southern Song Dynasty. To this end, it was necessary to overcome the mountain castles in eastern Sichuan, and Diaoyu City was the most important military target.
In December, after conquering a series of mountain cities, Möngke sent the Southern Song Dynasty general Jin Guobao to Diaoyu City to surrender, but Wang Jian refused.
When Jin Guobao returned to Meng Ge, he was captured halfway by Wang Jian's men and taken to the training ground for public execution, in order to show his determination to fight the enemy to the end. Mungo heard the news and decided to conquer by force.
Möngkexian sent troops to cut off the Diaoyu City from the outside world, making it an isolated city. On February 25, 1259, Meng Ge led an army from the northeast of Diaoyu City across the Qujiang River Chicken Claw Beach, stationed at Shizi Mountain about five miles southeast of the city, and at the same time ordered the general Shi Tianze to lead an army to blockade the Jialing River south of the city to prevent reinforcements from Chongqing, and the forward marshal Wang Dechen led an army to garrison the southwest corner of the city.
The next day, the Mongol army launched a fierce attack on diaoyu city. On 2 March, the Mongol army broke through the yizi city wall to the south; on the 4th, it attacked the west gate of the town, but withdrew due to the stubborn resistance of the defenders. At the end of March, the Mongol army attacked from the west, north and east at the same time facing the small fort outside the west gate of the town, the Qisheng Gate and the East New Gate, and the defender Wang Jian, who was the first soldier, ascended to the head of the city to command 2,000 officers and soldiers to resist, and after a desperate battle, the Mongol army was defeated again.
Since April 26, there have been 20 consecutive days of heavy thunderstorms in the sky. On May 16, Möngke personally supervised the attack on the defensive gate south of Diaoyu City, but was unsuccessful: the next day, Möngke led his army around the outer city to the northwest, and once captured the northern yizi city wall, but was repulsed by Wang Jian in time. Möngke ordered the formation of a death squad to venture out into a strong attack, and the death squad, led by the general, carried the ladder and bravely climbed with flying arrows, followed by cannons and archers. However, each adventure was frustrated by the steep terrain of Diaoyu City and the road to the city that the Song army firmly held. By the end of May, the Morale of the Mongol Army was low due to repeated defeats, while the soldiers and civilians of Diaoyu City were more and more courageous and highly motivated, and some people sat on the city wall during the day and cursed the Mongol army, and at night they went out of the city to sneak up on the enemy camp and harass the enemy. The court of the Southern Song Dynasty was informed of the war situation, and the emperor was rewarded for holding the city well, which greatly encouraged the soldiers and civilians of Diaoyu City.
At this time, Lü Wende, the newly appointed deputy envoy of the Sichuan system in the Southern Song Dynasty, was ordered to aid Sichuan from Hubei. After leading his army to capture Chongqing, he led his marine division up the Jialing River in late June to rescue Diaoyu City, but was repulsed by the army led by Meng Ge and Shi Tianze. On the night of June 25, the Mongol commander-in-chief Wang Dechen led an army to capture the outer city of Majunzhai, killing the owner of the village and several defenders, but was quickly repelled by Wang Jian. The next day, Wang Dechen rode to the city and shouted: "Lü Wende's reinforcements have been repelled, Wang Jian, I have come to live the soldiers and civilians of Ruyi City, surrender quickly!" Before he could finish speaking, he was hit by flying stones in the city and died half a month after returning to the camp.
Wang Dechen's death severely wounded the Mongol army, and Möngke was also heartbroken for the loss of his most capable generals. After five consecutive months of fierce fighting, the long-term attack on Diaoyu City was not conquered, the Mongol soldiers were tired, coupled with the scorching heat in Sichuan, the grass seedlings died, the Mongol soldiers from the north did not obey the water and soil in the south, the disease epidemic in the army, and the war-weary mood appeared.
In July, in order to make a quick decision, Möngke personally ordered people to build a lookout platform in the southeast of the city, and Möngke climbed the lookout to observe the reality of the city. At this time, Wang Jian and his general Zhang Jue ordered the shelling of the cannon, and Meng Ge was shocked by the cannon wind and fell to the ground, and after returning to the camp, he fell ill. Wang Jian ordered his men to throw 30 kilograms of fresh fish and two tails and more than 100 steamed noodle cakes outside the city with cannons, and wrote to Meng Ge: "The Soldiers of Erbei can cook fresh fish and cakes, and if they hold on for another ten years, they will not be able to get them." When Möngke learned of this, he said indignantly, "My infant disease is also for this city, and after I have not hidden it, Ruoke will slaughter this city." In late July, Möngke, known as the "invincible hand that swept through Eurasia", died in Wentang Gorge (present-day Northern Hot Springs) while on his way to Jinyun Mountain in northern Chongqing to recuperate.
After Möngke's death, the Mongol army returned to the north, and the situation in Sichuan eased for a time. However, the Southern Song Dynasty chancellor Jia Xiangdao was jealous of Wang Jiangonggao, and in 1260 he was transferred out of Sichuan and sent Ma Qian to replace him. After Ma Qian was in power for three years, the situation in Hezhou took a sharp turn for the worse, and Diaoyu City was completely in a passive trapped situation. In 1263, Zhang Jue was appointed as the governor of Hezhou Zhizhou and the main general of Diaoyu City, and he took a series of measures to train soldiers, rectify military discipline, strengthen the city defenses, and at the same time wait for the opportunity to attack, recovering some of the outlying strongholds occupied by the Mongol army, and restoring the water transport of the Jialing, Fujiang, and Qujiang rivers that had been cut off by the enemy. In 1272, he also ordered people to build Yisheng Mountain Castle on the opposite bank of the Xijialing River in Diaoyu City, which was across the river from Diaoyu City. This turned the Diaoyucheng War of Resistance from passive trapping to a new situation of attacking and defending.
At this time, the national war situation was no longer favorable to the Southern Song Dynasty, and with the loss of Xiangfan in 1273, the Southern Song defense system collapsed. In 1275, the Southern Song Dynasty appointed Zhang Jue as the deputy envoy of Sichuan and the governor of Chongqing, and ordered Zhang Jue to lead an army to defend Lin'an. However, land and water traffic to the capital City of Lin'an was cut off, and the Sichuan army could not come to the rescue. Zhang Jue only had to use Diaoyu City as a base to resist the Yuan army, and successively led the army to relieve the siege of Chongqing and retake Luzhou. When Lin'an fell in 1276, the situation in the Eastern Sichuan War of Resistance improved. The Yuan Dynasty sent people to Hezhou with the edict of the Song royal family to persuade him to surrender, but Zhang Jue refused, and also ordered the construction of the imperial city in Diaoyu City, and sent troops to the Minguang area to look for the second king Zhao Zhao and Zhao Yu, and prepared to take them to Diaoyu City and restore the Southern Song Dynasty.
In December 1276, Zhang Jue entered Chongqing as an envoy to Sichuan, and Diaoyu City was replaced by the subordinate general Wang Li. Diaoyu City and Chongqing supported each other and persisted in the War of Resistance for two years. In 1278, Chongqing fell due to the fall of the capital Zhao An Kaicheng, Zhang Jue was unable to fight, committed suicide and was captured, and later Yu Jingzhao was killed. In the first month of 1279, wang Li, the defender of Diaoyu City, saw that the general trend had gone, so he opened the city and lowered the yuan. The Diaoyucheng War of Resistance, which has stubbornly persisted for 36 years, has come to an end, but its influence is extremely far-reaching, and the Inscription of Li Zuozhou of the Ming Dynasty "Fishing alone in the Central Plains" on the archway in front of the DiaoyuCheng Huguo Temple shows that this glorious feat has been recorded in the annals of history and has been famous for eternity.
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