'Man is inherently dead'.
Although the emperor is called 'long live', he is only 'mouth hi', and when he dies at the end of his life, he still has to say 'bye bye' to the Yang.
And according to statistics, the average life expectancy of ancient emperors was only 34 years. However, the emperor is the emperor after all, and their death is much more solemn than that of the common people. So, it's also a nuisance, because there are also a series of ritual systems that need to be done for them by living people... That is
Temple number and nickname.
The origin of the temple number system and the number system
The temple number is the name that the emperor called when he was enshrined in the temple, and it is generally believed that it originated from the Shang Dynasty, which attached great importance to sacrifice.
The great affairs of the kingdom are in the worship and the rong.
Under normal circumstances, after the death of the king, an exclusive family temple sacrifice will be built. However, after a few generations, the original temple must be destroyed, and the sacrifices will be merged with the Taimiao Temple.
It is sacrificed at the Taimiao Temple and is called "Qi". The "qi" thing is very significant: if every king's temple is left behind, after several generations, many family temples will have difficulties in sacrifice.
Therefore, the ancestors who have made great contributions to the country and are worthy of eternal sacrifice for their descendants will especially catch up with the temple number to show the intention of eternal temple sacrifice.
"Confucius Language: Temple System:":"
The ancestors of the ancients have merit and virtue, and those who are called ancestors will not destroy their temples.
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The temple numbers used successively in the Shang Dynasty included six, including Taizu, Taizong, Zhongzong, Shizu, Gaozong, and Sejong.
Among them, Taizu is Tang, the founder of the Shang Dynasty.
Taizong, Zhongzong, Shizu, Gaozong, and Sejong were the five lords of Zhongxing in the Shang Dynasty, namely: Taijia (or Zuyi), Pan Geng, Wuding, and Zujia.
Among them, Pan Geng moved the capital to Yin, ending the rebellion of the Ninth Dynasty, so later generations also called the Shang Dynasty "Yin" or "Yin Shang", so he also got the "Zu" name.
It is generally believed that the Shang Dynasty did not have a nickname.
After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, the temple number system was abolished, the system of courtesy numbers was established, and the life of monarchs and ministers was given a definitive evaluation.
After the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shi Huang thought that "the son discussed the father and the subject discussed the king" and abolished the system of titles.
After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the system of temple numbers and courtesy numbers was restored.
Therefore, in the imperial era, the first dynasty to use the temple number was the Western Han Dynasty, and the first dynasty to use the temple name was also the Western Han Dynasty.
The relationship between temple number and tantric number
Simply put, the title is to evaluate the quality of character, while the temple number is to evaluate the size of the work.
Therefore, in the same dynasty, the status of the emperors is ranked depending on the temple number rather than the name.
For example, according to the Imperial Law, Wen was certainly better than Wu, but the status of Emperor Wu of most dynasties was higher than that of Emperor Wen: Emperor Wu was mostly the founder of the country, and the temple names were mostly Taizu and Gaozu, while Emperor Wen was mostly shoucheng and the temple number was mostly Taizong.
When addressing the dead emperors of the dynasty, the temple number is often placed before the title, which together with the title (or the "keyword" of the title) constitutes the full name of the dead emperor.
For example, during the Han Dynasty, emperor Wen of Han was called Emperor Xiaowen of Taizong (also known as Emperor Taizong, Emperor Xiaowen, Emperor Wen, etc.); during the Qing Dynasty, the title of Kangxi Emperor was Emperor Shengzuren (also known as Shengzu, Emperor Ren, Kangxi Ye, etc.).
By the way, in the Qing Dynasty, when the Kangxi Emperor was still alive, he could not be called the Kangxi Emperor or Kangxi Emperor, nor could he be called the Kangxi Emperor after his death, although the kangxi era name accompanied him for 61 years.
Jongmyo system
The Jongmyo system, referred to as the temple system.
Temple regulations,
Tianzi li seven temples, princes set up five temples, Dafu li three temples, Shi Li one temple, Shuren no temple.
In the Jongmyo system, "Taizu" has a special meaning.
Jongmyo sacrifices need to identify a source of blood relatives, and this source is the ancestor. The so-called ancestor is the king of the first seal.
Most of the time, the ancestor is Taizu. For example, the Tang people believed that "the first ancestor is the Taizu, and there is no ancestor outside the Taizu".
The Song people believed that the ancestor was the ancestor and the ancestor was the taizu. Taizu is under the ancestor and is at the first place in Zhaoqi.
According to the Song people, the so-called Seven Temples of Tianzi is the "Temple of One Ancestor, Two Sects and Four Relatives". The first ancestor and the second sect are "temples that will not be destroyed", and the temples of the four relatives are destroyed and newly built in turn.
This "one ancestor" refers to the first ancestor, that is, the so-called first recipient, that is, the first person to accept the sub-canonization. For example: in the shang is the deed, in the zhou is the houji.
The so-called "Two Sects" refers to Taizu and Taizong.
Among them, Taizu is the first to receive the Mandate, that is, the first person to accept the Mandate of Heaven. For example: in Shang for soup, in Zhou for King Wen of Zhou.
The "Zhaomu system" of the Zhou Dynasty gave another term for the "Seven Temples of The Son of Heaven".
Confucius said:
There are kings under the heavens, and the establishment of the country in different places and the establishment of ancestors are the number of relatives and nobles. It is the seven temples of the former Tianzi, the three Zhao Sanmu, and the temple of Taizu.
"Taizu is the Ancestor.
The ancestors are in the center, and the descendants are arranged in two columns on the left and right, with Zhao on the left and Mu on the right. The son of the first ancestor is Zhao, and the grandson of the first ancestor is Mu; the son of the first grandson is Zhao, and the grandson of the first grandson is Mu. Father and son are always in the same row, and grandchildren are always in the same row.
The Zhou people regard hou ji as their ancestor. King Wu Ji Fa established the Zhou Dynasty, and his father Ji Chang the Prince of Wen was the founder of the foundation of the Zhou Dynasty, so King Wen enjoyed the Zhaoqi Temple, and King Wu enjoyed the MuQi Temple.
The Ancestral Temple, the Zhaoqi Temple, and the Muqi Temple are all "temples that cannot be destroyed". After that, the temples were arranged in the order of left and right.
If there are more than four temples, the front Zhao Temple and Mu Temple will be destroyed in turn (called "Destroyed by The End of The Kiss"), the God Lord (Tablet) will be moved into the Ancestral Temple and arranged in the order of Zhao Mu, and a new temple will be erected for the newly deceased king in the order of Zhao Mu.
The seven temples of the Zhou Dynasty are composed of three "temples that do not perish" and four temples that are destroyed and newly built in turn.
The Han Dynasty temple system is much more complicated. After multiple games, after multiple dynamic evolutions such as the multi-temple system, the five-temple system, the seven-temple system, and the same-hall and different-room system, the eleventh temple system was finally determined at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty:
Referring to the Zhou Rites, the Two Ancestors and five sects are not destroyed temples for the world, and then four relatives temples are set up, and the relatives are destroyed.
The Erzu Five Sects are the First Ancestor and Three Sects (Gao, Wen, Wu, and Xuan Four Emperors) of the Western Han Dynasty Gao Temple and the First Ancestor and Two Sects of the Eastern Han Dynasty Ancestral Temple (Guangwu, Ming, and Zhang Three Emperors).
After that, the zongmiao system of successive dynasties and dynasties also borrowed from the "Seven Temples of Tianzi" of the Zhou Dynasty and played each other, and the "temple of immortality" was the focus of contention.
Ancestors and Sects
Temple numbers are often used for the characters "Zu" or "Zong".
The "Confucius Language" says: "Ancestors have merit and sects have virtue." The merit here refers to the work of creation; the virtue here refers to the virtue of keeping success. This also explains why the founding emperor called him zu more, while the Shoucheng emperor called him zong more.
The founding emperors all have the merit of pioneering, and the temple numbers are naturally ancestors. However, among the successors of the future generations, if they have made pioneering contributions, the temple number can also be the ancestor.
For example, Liu Xiuzhongxing Han Room, with pioneering merits, temple number Shizu, courtesy name Guangwu, is the ancestor of the Guangwu Emperor.
For example, the Kangxi Emperor", who "wrote the scriptures and the weiwu, unified the universe, although it was known as Shoucheng, was actually the same as the creation of the Yan", and also received the temple name of "Shengzu".
Poetry :
The jade liquid smoked the heavenly son drunk, and the pepper room powder was beautiful in front of the lamp.
Yan Luozi will send Wu Yang, dare to have a mortal really long live?