The establishment and development of a dynasty is inseparable from the assistance and help of the ruler's subordinates, who are painstaking in the construction of the country, and they are also loyal to the monarch, and even some courtiers have assisted two or three emperors successively, exhausting their life's energy for the development of a country, these old ministers, as elderly figures, will naturally be valued and respected by subsequent rulers, but this does not mean that all of them will have a good ending and can enjoy their old age in peace.
For example, Zhang Tingyu, an old minister of the Three Dynasties during the Qing Dynasty, because of the differences between the Manchu and Han nationalities, coupled with the influence of many other factors, was not recognized by the Qianlong Emperor, nor did he get the reuse he deserved, but he was also ordered by Qianlong to raid his home, but what is puzzling is that after the raid, many things copied were actually returned by the Qianlong Emperor, so what is the reason for this? What kind of contradictions existed between the Manchu and Han ethnic groups during the Qing Dynasty?
The Qing Dynasty entered the customs, and the ethnic contradictions and conflicts between the Manchu and Qing ethnic groups
As we all know, after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing army and Wu Sangui successfully entered the Central Plains, took over the rule of the Ming Dynasty, and established the Qing Dynasty in the Central Plains, but the Qing Dynasty's regime was not recognized by the Central Plains people at that time, even if there was a strong fighting force of the Eight Banners Army, it could not completely suppress and eliminate the reactionary forces in The country, and after the Qing Dynasty regime was stabilized, there were still anti-Qing and restoration ideas and forces, which showed that the Qing Dynasty's road to establishing its own rule in the Central Plains was full of bumps and twists and turns.
So why is this happening? First of all, the Manchu and Han nationalities have the characteristics of intolerance, and in layman's terms, the Manchu and Han nationalities exclude each other, and no one tolerates anyone, because there are huge differences between the two ethnic groups in terms of culture, dietary characteristics, customs and habits.
What's more, the language and writing of the two ethnic groups are not clear, which also creates a great gap, and neither one wants the other to be mixed into their own people, and in their bones they think that they are different
The Qing army's entry into the customs was considered by the Han people in the Central Plains at that time to be the invaders of foreign tribes, and naturally they would not recognize their rule from the bottom of their hearts.
The second is the deep-rooted idea of loyalty to the king and patriotism, in ancient times many dynasties were dominated by Confucian culture, and people from generation to generation had lofty beliefs in their own country and monarch.
For example, in the Jingkang Revolution during the Song Dynasty, after suffering the humiliation of the destroyed country, the people of the Southern Song Dynasty finally took revenge and defeated the Jin State through generations of efforts, and from this point we can see how loyal the ancient people were to their own country.
Of course, the rulers of the Later Qing Dynasty also noticed this, so they began to appoint Han people to allow them to enter the dynasty as officials, so as to alleviate the contradictions and conflicts between the two ethnic groups, which proved to be very effective, although at that time the status of the Han people as a whole was lower than that of the Manchus, but they could be allowed to enter the official field, which greatly offset their resistance, and Zhang Tingyu was a famous Han courtier during the Qing Dynasty.
Zhang Tingyu, the elder of the Three Dynasties
At the beginning of the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, that is, after the Qing army settled in the Central Plains, the first emperor was the Shunzhi Emperor, but unfortunately Shunzhi died young and died young, and then passed the throne to his son, that is, the later Kangxi Emperor, after he succeeded to the throne to quell the rebellion of san Francisco, and then wisely captured Aobai, which was considered to stabilize the foundation of Jiangshan, and waited until he completely stepped on the throne to begin to select and appoint officials to help him govern the country, among which Dengke and the first, Zhang Tingyu, who was admitted to the jinshi, was quickly favored by the Kangxi Emperor. And in the later years of Kangxi's life, he was deeply valued by him.
After the death of Kangxi, the throne passed to Yongzheng, he naturally had great respect and trust for this old minister, how to say that his father cultivated and promoted him, and was also loyal to the Qing Dynasty, so the Yongzheng Emperor entrusted him with heavy responsibilities, successively appointed him as a Rebbe Shangshu, Hubu Shangshu, etc., and later promoted to a university scholar, and finally became the chief military minister, such a position is equivalent to the current position of premier of the State Council, at this time Zhang Tingyu, can be said to have ushered in the peak of his career.
In fact, Zhang Tingyu can sit in this position, it can be said to be a miracle, don't look at the Qing Dynasty at that time relaxed a lot of policies for the Han people, but in general, the Manchus still suppressed the Han people in many ways, after all, the upper level of the ruler is still the Manchu, the Han people want to enter the Dynasty as officials or make a difference in other aspects There are certain restrictions and difficulties, so it is indeed a bit surprising that Zhang Tingyu can be valued by the Qing rulers, but his Han identity, It still became a barrier between the monarch and the subject, and this barrier precisely affected his relationship with Qianlong.
The relationship between the monarch and the subject was rigid, and the family was raided
After the death of the Yongzheng Emperor due to illness, Zhang Tingyu, an old minister, was still alive and still sitting in a high-powered position, which made the qianlong emperor deeply uneasy.
First of all, Zhang Tingyu was not a member of his own nationality, which made Qianlong feel a feeling of distrust from the depths of his heart, plus he was also a military minister, influencing the formulation of national policies, and even controlling the lifeblood and development of the Qing Dynasty to a certain extent.
In addition, at that time, Zhang Tingyu was also in charge of the imperial examination, and many officials in the court and even many local officials who were officials outside the country were appointed and selected by him, Zhang Tingyu had the grace of knowledge for them, and even more had the feeling of teachers and students, and it was this emotional relationship that made Zhang Tingyu's status in the dynasty second only to that of the emperor.
Therefore, after the Qianlong Emperor succeeded to the throne, he vigorously suppressed him and deprived him of the rights in his hands in many ways, and Zhang Tingyu was also well aware of the Qianlong Emperor's thoughts, in order to avoid being targeted, Zhang Tingyu took the initiative to resign and return to his hometown, and the Qianlong Emperor naturally agreed to this request, but later Zhang Tingyu's practice angered the Qianlong Emperor.
That is, the emperor of the previous dynasty had promised Zhang Tingyu to let him enter the Taimiao Temple after his death and be able to enjoy the offerings with the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, so when Zhang Tingyu knew that his limit was approaching, he repeatedly wrote to the Qianlong Emperor for a reply, whether he could agree to place him in the Taimiao Temple after his death, because this was not only related to his own honor, but also affected whether future generations could be well treated
。 However, in the face of such a request, the Qianlong Emperor was unwilling to do so even if he knew what the emperor of the previous dynasty had promised, and he did not approve of this Han Dynasty courtier being able to enter the Manchu imperial temple.
Therefore, later, on trumped-up charges, He wanted to raid Zhang Tingyu's home and confiscate the things that had been rewarded to him by three generations of kings since the Kangxi Dynasty, but what Qianlong did not expect was that in the process of execution, many of Zhang Tingyu's personal things were also taken away, because the chief steward in charge of this matter, Debao, used the title to play, thinking that the Qianlong Emperor wanted to rectify the Han courtiers, and Zhang Tingyu also died because of the anger and anger of such a cruel treatment.
Originally, he just wanted to disqualify him from entering the Taimiao Temple, but he did not want to kill this old minister because of this matter, out of guilt, the Qianlong Emperor returned many things he had copied, and at the same time chose to place him in the Taimiao Temple according to the will of the former emperor, and Zhang Tingyu also became the only Han courtier in the history of the Qing Dynasty to enter the Taimiao Temple.
epilogue
Zhang Tingyu as the elder of the Three Dynasties made great contributions to the Qing Dynasty, but unfortunately failed to win the trust of the Qianlong Emperor, and in the end it fell into a tragic end, from this incident, it can also be seen that during the Qing Dynasty, the estrangement between the Manchu and Han ethnic groups has been difficult to eliminate, and the Han Dynasty courtiers are still not completely recognized by the rulers, so short-sighted it is no wonder that the Qing Dynasty has become more backward and decadent in the later period, if the rulers of the Qing Dynasty can treat the Manchu and Han ethnic groups equally, perhaps the Qing Dynasty can have better development.
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