#古史传奇 #
01
After the end of the Sino-Japanese War, as a defeated party, the Qing government signed the Treaty of Maguan with Japan on April 17, 1895 (March 23, Guangxu 21). According to the terms of the treaty, China ceded the Liaodong Peninsula (which was later unsuccessful due to the intervention of the three countries to restore the Liao), the island of Taiwan and its affiliated islands, and the Penghu Archipelago to Japan, and compensated Japan with 200 million taels of silver. China has also added Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou as commercial ports, and allowed Japan to invest in factories at China's treaty ports.
Signing of the Treaty of Maguan
As a result, Taiwan Province, which has been the territory of China for hundreds of years, became the land of Japan.
The Qing government was extremely cooperative with the transfer of Taiwan. In May 1895, a month after the signing of the Treaty of Maguan, the Qing government sent a telegram to Taiwan officials to seize the time to cross the sea back to the mainland, and at the same time appointed Li Hongzhang's eldest son Li Jingfang as the "Minister of Taiwan" to go to Taiwan to handle the delivery procedures.
In this way, the Japanese landed in Taiwan triumphantly and received his booty, Taiwan, China's largest island.
However, things did not go as smoothly as the Japanese thought. They encountered stubborn resistance in Taiwan. It took the Japanese 4 months to occupy all of Taiwan.
The Japanese suffered nearly 30,000 casualties, of which 5,000 died. The commander of the Guards Division, Lieutenant General Kita-Shirakawa Norihisa, and the commander of the Second Brigade, Major General Nobunari Yamane, were all killed.
How has Japan ever suffered such a loss! Even in the Sino-Japanese Naval Battle against the entire Qing government, Japan only suffered more than 10,000 casualties!
All this was caused by an old Chinese man named Liu Yongfu. This year, Liu Yongfu was 59 years old.
02
Liu Yongfu was born in 1837, Ziyuanting, Han ethnicity, Guangxi Shangsi people. When The Sino-Japanese war began in 1894, Liu Yongfu was 57 years old, and he responded to the call of the imperial court to organize defense in Taiwan despite his old age and frail health. At that time, Liu Yongfu was the chief soldier of Jieshi Town, the "general soldier", which sounded very famous, but in fact, there were only 300 people under his hands. Liu Yongfu immediately gathered the old headquarters of his Black Flag Army, recruited new soldiers in Chaoshan and other places, and gathered four battalions, so he went to Taiwan without hesitation.
Liu Yongfu
However, the Qing court was weak and very obediently cooperated with the Japanese occupation of Taiwan. Officials in Taiwan left Taiwan one after another in accordance with the will of the imperial court, but Liu Yongfu resolutely refused to comply, and he issued the "Notice of the Inauguration of the Commander-in-Chief of the Town of Taiwan" to encourage the army and the people to fight together to resist the enemy:
"Since the year will be sixty, I will not give up!"
Liu Yongfu did not obey the Qing government's orders and insisted on resisting Japan, which caused strong dissatisfaction from the Qing government. Therefore, the Qing government stopped all support for Taiwan at the order of the Qing government. Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army soon ran out of food and grass and ran out of food. After holding out for four months, most of the Black Flag soldiers were killed, and the rest did not surrender, but retreated to Tainan and continued to fight the Japanese.
Japan occupies Taiwan
Japan's so-called "Governor of Taiwan," Shigeki Kashiyama, wrote a letter to Liu Yongfu urging him to surrender. Liu Yongfu replied to him:
"Taiwan has been part of China for more than two hundred years... Yu was ordered to garrison Taiwan and coexist with Taiwan. Once it is abandoned, why will it be put underground for me? ”
The Japanese were furious and stepped up their offensive. Due to the obvious disparity between the enemy and ourselves, Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army soon could not hold out.
Stay in the green mountains without worrying about firewood. Under the repeated persuasion of his subordinates, Liu Yongfu boarded a ship and fled to the sea. As he was leaving, he cried out in pain:
"Why repay the imperial court, why do you treat the Taiwan people?"
Liu Yongfu was completely disappointed in the Qing government. It was at this time that the Vietnamese revolutionary Phan Pei Chu approached Liu YongFu and hoped that he would support the Vietnamese revolution and fight against the French invaders.
In this way, Liu Yongfu came into contact with the revolution, and through Pan Peizhu, he met Sun Yat-sen, and then came into contact with the Chinese revolution. In March 1911, Liu Yongfu joined the League. In the same year, the Xinhai Revolution broke out and the Republic of China was founded.
This is the last time Liu Yongfu has changed the court. He died 6 years later at the age of 81.
03
The reason why it is said that defecting to the revolution is the last time Liu Yongfu changed the court is because Liu Yongfu has changed the court more than once.
Liu Yongfu's first stop was the Heaven and Earth Society.
It was 1857, and Liu Yongfu was 21 years old. The Heaven and Earth Society is a peripheral organization of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, active in the two-wide area, and can be regarded as the Taiping Army in the non-strict sense. The reason why he defected to the Taiping Army was to eat a mixed meal. At that time, the Taiping Army was paid, sometimes money, sometimes rice. Every time Liu Yongfu paid his salary, he did
"Buy fatty meat and tofu as much as you can, and cook it and eat it."
I ate all the tofu stew.
Liu Yongfu's second stop is Vietnam.
Because when the Taiping Army ran out of food, it could only surrender to the Lord again. Liu Yongfu was very clever, he went to Vietnam not to be a bandit, but to take the initiative to contact the Vietnamese official, under the banner of "helping the Vietnamese king to suppress the rebellion" and help the Vietnamese government suppress the bandits. Liu Yongfu's "Black Flag Army" was fierce in battle and soon conquered the hearts of the Vietnamese government. The King of Yue granted Liu Yongfu the official positions of Seven Pins and Thousand Households and Three Xuan Viceroys, and praised Liu Yongfu:
"The people are grateful to the people for their great calamity, and the court is like the Great Wall."
France has always coveted Vietnam, hoping to seize Vietnam and then spy on southwest China. At that time, the Qing government was too busy to defend its own country. Liu Yongfu stood up. In 1873, Liu Yongfu led the Black Flag Army to set up an ambush at paper bridge, annihilated the invading French army, and killed the French captain An Ye. In 1883, Liu Yongfu again defeated the French at Paper Bridge. After the war, Liu Yongfu said:
"Yongfu, also from Guangxi, China, should defend the frontier for China; the deputy governor of Vietnam, the deputy governor of The Three Xuans, should also cut the enemy for Vietnam!"
The Qing government saw that Liu Yongfu could actually win the French army, and its attitude toward him changed, and Liu Yongfu was very eager to return to China, so after the End of the Sino-French War, Liu Yongfu returned to China.
Serving the Great Qing, this is his third stop.
Image of Sino-French war film and television dramas
And his last stop, and the fourth stop, is the one mentioned above, to defect to the revolution.
This is Liu Yongfu, a patriotic general who has changed his court many times, but still deserves our respect.
He was like a shining star in the dark night sky, and even though the world was confused, he still held on to the faint light. Even if you know that you are not strong enough to change the general trend, you still stick to your original intention and never give up.
Chinese should always remember Liu Yongfu.