When it comes to China's modern history, it is more of a humiliating history.
In particular, after seeing the historical facts of the foreign powers dividing up the land of China and the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government, it made people beat their chests and become angry. The unequal treaties signed by the Qing government for China can be said to be one after another. Today, let's take a look at how the foreign powers got the Qing government to sign the Xinugu Treaty, and how they used this treaty to devour the Qing Dynasty and divide China.
Ever since the foreign powers used all kinds of despicable means to sign unequal treaties with the Qing government, such as the Treaty of Nanking and the Treaty of Maguan, they became more unscrupulous, and their ambitions to erode China became more and more ambitious. In 1900, eleven countries, including Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Belgium, forced the Qing to sign an unequal treaty called the Treaty of Maguan in the name of helping the Qing government to clear the Boxers.
If it is said that when the great powers signed the treaty before, they knew that there was some restraint, then the "Maguan Treaty" completely exposed the thieves' hearts of these handmaidens, making their heart to invade China ready to come out. The serious injustice of the "Xinugu Treaty" led to their aggressive ambitions becoming unusually unscrupulous. Therefore, the Xinugu Treaty is considered to be the most unequal treaty in China's modern history.
So, why? Let's look at the details of the Treaty of Simgou together.
First, say the amount of compensation;
In the treaty, the Qing Dynasty was required to compensate 450 million taels of silver for these eleven countries, so how did this number come about?
It turned out that during the reign of the Qing government at that time, the population of all Of China was about 450 million people, and the 450 million taels of silver were actually to make each Chinese compensate the great powers with one or two pieces of silver. Because the great powers want to use this method to remind Chinese: "Rioters like the Boxers will not win, and they will only bring more severe punishment to the common people than ever." ”
The reparations were to be paid by the Qing government, which had to collect it from the people in order to come up with the money. Of course, in view of the situation in China at that time, it was certainly impossible to come up with such a large amount of money, so the great powers came up with a new trick, that is, installment payment. The repayment period they gave to the Qing government was 39 years, and then, calculating interest at the relevant interest rate, the Qing government would have to come up with a total of 980 million silver and two silver.
Moreover, in order to ensure repayment, the Qing government also used customs duties and salt taxes as collateral and ceded them to the great powers. In other words, in the future, the tax revenue of the Qing government will basically be left, and even the government financial expenditures for daily expenses and relief of disaster victims will be put into the pockets of the great powers. At this time, whether it is the government's financial power or the life and death of the people, it is firmly in the hands of others.
At that time, China had become a printing machine and free labor force for foreign powers.
Secondly, there is the right to use the territory and the territory:
After the signing of the treaty, there was a strange appearance that houses and land Chinese were not allowed to live or stay. The treaty clearly stipulates: "As a foreign embassy area, Minxiang in the eastern suburbs of Beijing cannot be inhabited by any Chinese." "Not only that, but foreigners can also garrison the area. Obviously, it is his own home, but he cannot enter it, and even his footing is forbidden.
However, foreigners can drive straight in and do whatever they want here, which is simply a great shame. In the face of such insults, the Qing government could only act as an umbrella for the great powers, allowing them to fool around in Chinese soil.
The third was to dismantle the fortifications, destroy the forts, and hand over the railway line to foreigners:
The fort in Tagu can be said to be China's defense line against foreign enemies, and in the treaty, the great powers demanded that it be dismantled. In addition, the railway near Shanhaiguan must also be handed over to the imperialists to garrison. Here, the dismantling of the forts would be tantamount to letting the Chinese unload their own arms and abandon resistance, while the garrison of the railway was to use this means of transportation to facilitate the plundering of China's mineral resources by the great powers.
These vampires, not only for money, but also for land, but also for mineral deposits, are simply despicable. At this time, the Qing government became an accomplice of these people.
Fourthly, it prohibits any Chinese to carry out anti-imperialist resistance movements:
The great powers made it clear in the treaty that no Chinese could resist such aggression, and that officials who had conspired or participated in the anti-imperialist struggle should never be appointed again by the Qing government. The reason for this demand is to suppress the anti-imperialist acts of the Chinese, so that the Qing government and its internal officials will willingly act as spokesmen and executors of imperialist aggression against China.
In this way, those brave people who bravely resisted for the great national righteousness would face double suppression by the Qing government and the great powers. And those who suppress the movement of justice, those who are willing to be the dogs of the great powers, will be sheltered, which is really indignant.
Fifth, a new department, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, was born:
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was established mainly for foreigners. Through this department, the great powers wanted to promote traitors who supported and supported themselves, and let these people help them directly intervene in the national policy and development of the Qing government.
The sixth article is that the treaty will change at any time according to the wishes of the great powers:
Compared with the first five, the sixth is really more faceless, which is actually the "back road" left by the great powers for their greed. If, later, we want to invade and demand anything, then we can add to the clause at any time, and anyway, as long as the great powers can think of it, the Qing government has no room for opposition. What is the difference between the Qing government at this time and the pugs that have been wagging their tails and begging for mercy?
In addition to the above disgusting clauses, what makes Chinese feel even more ashamed is that the Empress Dowager Cixi, who is listening to the government, can actually say the words "we are willing to share chinese things with other countries." That is to say, the insults and aggression of these powers were gladly accepted by the Qing government and were willing to accept them all according to the order.
"Losing power and humiliating the country" has been said to be "common progress", which is really speechless.
It can be said that the "Xinugu Treaty" is an unequal treaty in China's modern history in which the amount of reparations is the largest, the loss of sovereignty is the most serious, and the spiritual humiliation is the deepest, thus bringing unprecedented disasters to the Chinese people. As a result, the academic community generally believes that the signing of the Xinugu Treaty marks the final formation of China's semi-colonial status, and even believes that it marks that China has completely degenerated into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
It can be seen that the fainting, incompetence, weakness, and powerlessness of the Qing government are really to the extreme, and it is only a matter of time before the Qing Dynasty falls.
Resources:
["Modern and Contemporary History of China", "Xinugu Treaty", "History of China's Modern Diplomatic System"]