Peace has always been an important means for the Central Plains Dynasty to win over the powerful Shaomin Kingdom on all sides, and this system is criticized by Internet critics today, who see this as sending women for peace, which is a humiliation.
So is it really so bad to be with the pro? What benefits did peace bring to the Central Plains Dynasty?
How to relieve worries, only Du Kang.
This timeless famous sentence of Boss Cao in "Short Song Line" was praised as a holy scripture by later generations of drinkers, and became the favorite excuse for the good wine generation.
However, the Du Kang in this sentence is not wine, he is the first person in the legend to brew wine in the land of China, and Boss Cao uses Du Kang to refer to wine in the poem. Boss Cao, who likes to quote scriptures, uses Du Kang to make a pun on wine, so his previous sentence to relieve worries is just to relieve sorrows? Is there an allusion in it?
It is also a coincidence that in the Han Dynasty there was really such a woman called Relief of Worries, who made great achievements for the Han Dynasty.
Before the appearance of the relief, the code word first explains some background.
This Hun is not a Hun
When it comes to the past of the Han Dynasty, a northern minority Xiongnu is bound to be mentioned.
This minority, which was historically pumped by Li Mu, the last famous general of the Zhao State, one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, was violently beaten by the famous general Meng Tian after the unification of the Qin Dynasty. However, in the early years of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu, who had been violently beaten by the Central Plains, turned into serfs and sang and constantly attacked Zhongyuan.
The most famous of these was the Xiongnu's Mao Dun Shan Yu, who besieged the army led by Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, for seven days and seven nights in Pingcheng (present-day Datong). Liu Bang had a psychological shadow directly against the Xiongnu after he was lucky enough to escape from difficulties, and in the last years of his life, he often warned his subordinates not to go to war with the Xiongnu. Liu Ying, the Emperor Hui of Han, who succeeded liu Bang after his death, wanted to fight back against the Xiongnu in anger because the Xiongnu repeatedly violated the border, but was silenced by Xiangguo Cao And could only give up.
Why did the Xiongnu become stronger after they were stripped of their base, Hetao, by The Mongols?
Because the Xiongnu who were driven to the Mongolian steppes by Meng Tian were different from the Xiongnu faced by the Later Han Dynasty. Defeated by Mengtian was a semi-nomadic and semi-farming kingdom, and the Xiongnu kingdom based on the Hetao Plain was relatively developed in farming, and its army, like the Central Plains, was dominated by chariots and infantry. The Han army faced the Xiongnu Empire, the first steppe nomadic empire in northern Chinese history, dominated by cavalry, which occupied from liaodong to the western region.
Wusun at both ends of the snake rat
The Xiongnu Empire, which conquered the small people of Liaodong Province, because the route south was blocked by the Great Wall defense line of the Han Dynasty, so it aimed its main direction of attack at the Great Moon people in the west. The Xiongnu Empire was a multi-ethnic country, so the Xiongnu army was also composed of many ethnic groups, including the Wusun people, the old enemy of the Great Moon Clan.
The Xiongnu army marched westward, driving the Dayue people west from the border area of present-day Gansu and Xinjiang, and the combined forces of the Xiongnu and Wusun chased the Dayue people all the way to today's Ili River Valley. When the Xiongnu army returned, they left the Wusun people in the local area to prevent the resurgence of the Dayue people.
The People of the Great Moon Clan were driven by the Xiongnu and Wusun to flee all the way to the west for four thousand miles, but they did not expect that they would be blessed with misfortune and establish the Kushan Empire in Central Asia, which together with the Han Dynasty, Rome, and The Rest were called the four major empires at that time. The Wusun people continued to expand and annex in the Ili River Valley to establish the largest state in the western region, and then gradually broke away from the control of the Xiongnu and became independent.
Wusun controlled the passage from northern Xinjiang to Central Asia, and was the left wing of the Xiongnu, so Wusun became the object of competition between the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty. Mo Kun of Wusun (the honorific title of Wusun chieftain) hunted arrogantly, and through the Han envoy Zhang Qian learned about the strength of the Han Dynasty, so he accepted Zhang Qian's proposal for marriage. In 105 BC, Emperor Wu of Han chose Liu Xijun, the daughter of Liu Jian, the prince of Jiangdu, as a princess to marry Wusun.
However, Wusun did not want to choose between the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty, so Hunter Jiaojing also married another Xiongnu noblewoman, who was with Princess Xiaojun and was the right and left lady. For Wusun, who was far away in the sky, maintaining a balance between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu was undoubtedly the most favorable choice for it.
Princess Xiaojun (Princess Wusun)
Princess Xiaojun, who shouldered the responsibility of wooing Wusun, was very unimpressed by her mission, and she was depressed with tears all day in Wusun, and made a "Song of Sorrow" to lament her tragic fate.
"My family married me to the heavenly side, far away from the foreign country of Xi Wu Wang Yan." The vault is the wall of the chamber and the meat is the pulp. Ju Chang Tu Si Xi was wounded in his heart, and he was willing to return to his hometown for Huang Huxi. ”
Princess Xiaojun looked like this, and the natural hunting arrogance did not have a good face for her.
Princess Xiaojun's various performances can also be regarded as the common sentiment of people, who are originally prisoners under the ranks and are married as pawns, or married to the hunting arrogance of the general who does not use language, naturally she is not happy.
Shortly after Princess Xiaojun married Wusun, she died, and his grandson Junsu Jing succeeded to the throne of Mo Kun (Note), and according to the custom, he married his grandfather's left and right wives together and continued to be his right and left wives. Princess Xiaojun was very resistant to this custom, but Emperor Wu of Han clearly instructed her to abide by the local customs in his reply letter to her!
Note: Hunter Jiaojing was adopted by Mao Dun Shan Yu at an early age, and when he received Zhang Qian in 119 BC, Mo Dun Shan Yu had been dead for 55 years. Judging from the fact that it was his grandson who took his place, his son had been killed by him.
Princess Xiaojun, who was already very resistant to marrying Wusun, was even more depressed after remarrying Junsu Against her will. People have been in a bad mood is going to break their lives, in 101 BC, Princess Xiang yu died, it is estimated that at this time only in her early 20s.
After the death of Princess Xiaojun, Junsu Jing asked the Han Dynasty to send a new Han Dynasty princess to Wusun and his relatives. Wusun's request was obviously to continue to maintain relations with the Han Dynasty, so Emperor Wu of Han agreed to it. For Emperor Wu of Han, in any case, there were more girls from the Sin Wang family in the court, and instead of staying in the grain of the Fei Han Dynasty in Chang'an, why not send out the grain of the Fei family to contact the feelings of the Fei family.
Miscalculated Emperor Wu of Han
The girl chosen this time was also the daughter of the Sin King, but she was a little different from Princess Xiaojun. Princess Xiaojun's name was given to her father, Liu Jian, and the name Jieyou should have been given after she was married to Wusun. Because she was the granddaughter of Liu Peng, the King of Chu who participated in the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms (154 BC), she was born in the Court of Ye, her father and mother did not leave a single word in the annals of history, and she was a prisoner from the moment she was born. Before marrying Wusun, she had never taken a step towards the high wall of the court.
Emperor Wu of Han sent Princess Jieyou to Wusun as a gift, and he could not have had any expectations for this girl who grew up in the court. Moreover, the situation between Han and Hungary at this time was very favorable to the Han Dynasty, and in his opinion, the Han Dynasty's sweeping away of the Xiongnu Empire was just around the corner, and what could such a weak little woman do for the Huanghuang Han?
However, the world is so unpredictable, Emperor Wu of Han would not have dreamed of such a step of his own idle chess, and in the future it would bring incomparably rich rewards to the Han Dynasty.
In 103 BC, the 20,000 Han army led by the Junji general Zhao Baonu was completely destroyed, and Zhao Baonu was captured by the Xiongnu;
In 99 BC, Li Ling's army of more than 5,000 people was completely destroyed at Junji Mountain, and Li Ling captured the Xiongnu;
From 99 BC to 97 BC, the general Li Guangli of the Second Division fought against the Xiongnu and fought continuously;
In 90 BC, Li Guangli's family in Chang'an was imprisoned for the witchcraft case, and Li Guangli, who was fighting on the front line, rushed into the hinterland of the Xiongnu in order to ask for the family's death. In the end, the 70,000 Han army he led at Yanran Mountain was completely destroyed, and Li Guangli surrendered to the Xiongnu.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was repeatedly defeated against the Xiongnu in the later period, which forced him to abandon the strategy of expeditionary expedition to northern Mobei, and in 89 BC, he issued a decree to let the world rest and recuperate. And the Xiongnu also had a chance to breathe after the Han Dynasty recuperated, but the strength of the Han-Hungarians was there, and it would not be an opponent of the Han Dynasty than the restoration of the Xiongnu.
Emperor Wu of Han was unable to solve the xiongnu's regrets in his lifetime, so let his grandson make up for it.
The flowers bloom two branches on each side.
Relieve the princess's pillow wind
In 100 BC, Princess Jieyou married Wusun.
Her fate was also really tragic, she had only been in Wusun for a year, and her husband Junsu Jing was killed. Junsu Jing's younger brother Weng Guijing became the new Mo Kun, and Princess Jieyou became Weng Guijing's right lady according to the rules.
Weng Guijing was very fat and was known as the Fat King. However, it was this fat king who changed the life of the princess of Jieyou, after all, every fat man is a potential stock, not to mention that this fat man is still a king with tens of thousands of cavalry.
Because of the lack of historical data, it is difficult for us to know how princess Jieyou won the favor of Weng Guijing, in short, they lived happily and had five children. Under the constant attack of Princess Jieyou, Weng Guijing changed the original national policy of Wusun to maintain a balance between Han and Hungary, and gradually fell to the Han Dynasty.
Huns and Ukraine are in a bad mood
Weng Guijing's pro-Han dynasty's national policy made Wusun's suzerainty, the Xiongnu, extremely dissatisfied, and finally in 74 BC, Hu Yanyan led a large army to conquer Wusun in the west!
The Wusun nobles were generally related to the Xiongnu, so in the face of the Xiongnu's menacing army, they asked Weng Guijing to be soft on the Xiongnu, and everyone still did not use the sword to hurt the peace. At this time, Princess Jieyou stood up, and she urged Weng Guijing to take the opportunity to draw a line with the Xiongnu.
Finally, Weng Guijing decided to listen to his wife's words and asked the Han Dynasty for help!
Wusun, who was originally a xiongnu vassal, asked the Han Dynasty for help, which meant that the relationship between Wusun and Xiongnu was dissolved! Under the gentle attack of Princess Jieyou, Weng Guijing finally changed Wusun's national policy of seeking balance between Han and Hungary and completely fell to the Han Dynasty.
However, the timing of Wusun's request for help was really bad, and when the emissary arrived in Chang'an, he encountered the death of Emperor Zhao of Han. Therefore, it was not until the autumn of 72 BC, the second year after Emperor Xuan of Han's succession, that the Han army went out of the Northern Expedition to force the Xiongnu to withdraw from Wusun. This time, the Cavalry Used by the Northern Expedition Han Army was as high as 160,000, which was the largest recorded scale of the Northern Expedition in the history of the Western Han Dynasty.
However, the purpose of the Northern Expedition was to force the Xiongnu to withdraw from the west, so the Han army did not penetrate deep into the hinterland of the Xiongnu. Therefore, although the momentum is huge, the results of the battle are very average, only beheading more than a thousand Xiongnu.
It doesn't matter, there is also the princess of relief.
Due to the Han army's large-scale Northern Expedition, Hu Yanyan had to retreat and return to his hometown in the east.
Emperor Zhao of Han died in June 74 BC, while Emperor Xuan of Han's Northern Expedition took place in the autumn of 72 BC. In other words, Wusun had been carrying the Xiongnu army alone for more than two years! This shows how powerful Wusun's military strength is!
It was this great strength displayed by Wusun that made Chang Hui, the Han envoy to Wusun, realize that the withdrawal of the Xiongnu was a good opportunity. So he reconciled with princess Huan and told Weng Guijing that Wusun should take advantage of the opportunity that the Xiongnu army was busy returning home without defense, and beat the Xiongnu with a stick!
In 72 BC, the First World War, which determined the fate of the Hun Empire, broke out.
The Wusun army, which secretly followed the Xiongnu army, attacked the Xiongnu camp at night, and captured more than 50,000 Xiongnu in one battle!
Fleeing back to the Mongolian plateau, the Xiongnu king Tingting Hu Yan shan Yu was worried about this defeat, so he disregarded the taboo of fighting on the northern plateau and mobilized more than 10,000 elite Xiongnu to expedition to Wusun in the snowy winter. As a result, a heavy snowstorm suddenly fell on the Xiongnu expeditionary force, and the Hun expeditionary army that returned home alive did not exist in one out of ten!
Although taking advantage of the Xiongnu's eastern return to sneak attack was Chang Hui's suggestion, there is no doubt that among the people who made Weng Guijing make up his mind, the Princess Jieyou played a much greater role than Chang Hui.
The destruction of the Hun Empire
Two consecutive defeats in 72 BC severely damaged the Hun Empire. The enemies and vassals of the Xiongnu Empire turned their spearheads to it, and for a while Wusun came to the west, Ding Zero went south, the Han army moved north, and Karasuma attacked the east, and the Xiongnu Empire fell into a storm.
On the other hand, the Han Dynasty was full of momentum, and entered the western region in a big way to expand its territory.
In 60 BC, the Xiongnu left the Xiongnu descended from the Han Dynasty, which isolated the pro-Xiongnu Cheshi state that guarded the passage between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. The Han army took the opportunity to raise troops and cut down the car division, and opened up the passage into the western region in one fell swoop.
In 59 BC, the Western Han Dynasty set up the Western Regions Capital Protectorate, and the governor Duhu was responsible for managing the affairs of the Western Regions, and the Western Han Forces officially entered the Western Regions!
On this side, the Western Han Dynasty entered the western region to expand its territory, but the Xiongnu Empire on the other side broke out into serious infighting because of its difficult situation.
In 58 BC, the Xiongnu, who were trapped in internal and external affairs, had a major civil unrest in the "five singles for the throne".
In 52 BC, Hu Han, who lost in the civil war, led his troops south to claim subjection to the Han Dynasty, which marked the official division of the Xiongnu Empire into the Southern and Northern Xiongnu, and the destruction of the Xiongnu Empire!
Relieve worries and split Wusun
When the Xiongnu civil strife continued, the princess on the other side continued to contribute to the conquest of the western region by the Han Dynasty.
In 64 BC, Weng Guijing wrote to Emperor Xuan of Han: "I wish to take Yuan Guijing (the son of Princess Jieyou) as the heir, and order the Princess of Fushang Han to marry and rebel against the Xiongnu."
This marked the official departure of Wusun from the Xiongnu and the embrace of the Han Dynasty, and weng Guijing's biggest promoter of the letter was undoubtedly princess Jieyou.
However, the Western Han Dynasty's large-scale entry into the Western Regions aroused the vigilance and disgust of the Wusun nobles, and after Weng Guijing's death in 60 BC, they overturned Weng Guijing's will and elected Ni Jing (known as the Crazy King), the son of Junsu Jing and lady Zuo of the Xiongnu, to succeed Kunmi.
Princess Jieyou married Ni Jing again according to the rules, and Ni Jing's attitude towards the Han Dynasty was very hostile, which made Princess JieYou determined to solve him. Therefore, Princess Jieyou conspired with the Han emissaries Wei Heyi and Ren Chang to assassinate Ni Jing, and although this assassination operation ended in failure, it successfully struck at Ni Jing's prestige and caused wusun's infighting.
However, it is a little strange that the literature records that Princess Jieyou and Ni Jing had a son, Izumi, who was said to have been born in 61 BC. It is reasonable to say that Princess Jieyou was sixty years old at this time and could not have children, right? And the year of the child's birth was also before Weng Guijing died of illness, what kind of ghost is this?
In 53 BC, Wu Yitu (the son of Weng Guijing and the Xiongnu woman) launched a rebellion and killed Ni Jing, and the Han Dynasty, which had been waiting for the opportunity to march west, used this as an excuse to send an expedition to Wusun, and the great war between the Han Dynasty and Wusun was about to erupt!
Once again, princess Jieyou stood up, and she recommended her former maid, Feng Yan, the wife of Wusun's right general at the time, as an emissary to persuade Wu to surrender. Feng Yan successfully persuaded Wu Totu to surrender without failing in his mission, thus sparing a sword and soldier disaster between Wusun and the Han Dynasty. It was this time of Feng Yan's outstanding performance that made her succeed Princess Jieyou in the future to become the biggest help of the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions.
With her outstanding performance, Feng Yan became the most famous female diplomat in Chinese history.
After Wu just Tu surrendered, the Han Dynasty took the opportunity to divide Wusun's 100,000 households in two. Yuan Guijing, the eldest son of Princess Jieyou and Weng Guijing, led 60,000 households for the Great Kunmi, and Wu Justu as the 40,000 households for the Little Kunmi.
The Han Dynasty, with the help of Princess Jieyou, split Wusun, the first powerful country in the Western Regions, without bloodshed, and the entire Western Regions submitted to the feet of the Central Plains Dynasty for the first time. This laid the earliest foundation for Xinjiang to become the entire territory of China during the Qing Dynasty.
Princess Jieyou's contribution to the expansion of the Han Dynasty's territory was no less than that of Wei Qing and Huo Qi, that is, what she did was really somewhat comparable to Weng Guijing, who loved her and hurt her.
Return to the homeland
In 51 BC, Yuan Guijing died of illness, and his son Xingjing succeeded to the throne of Dakunmi. When princess Jieyou, who was almost old, saw her grandson ascend to the throne, she couldn't help but miss her homeland.
"Old Tusi, may he be buried for the bones."
Emperor Xuan of Han immediately approved the letter from Princess Zhiyou requesting to return to her hometown, and ordered Chang Hui to escort Princess Jieyou back to Chang'an.
In October 51 BC, Princess Jieyou led her three grandchildren back to her Han Dynasty homeland through Yangguan, where she had been away for half a century. When Princess Jieyou saw that in her memory, the appearance of Chang'an City that had left in the past ten years was still the same, she couldn't help but burst into tears.
Emperor Xuan of Han personally received Princess Zhiyou in Chang'an, and he gave the daughter of this sinful courtier the status of a legitimate Princess of the Great Han Dynasty as a reward for the great Han dynasty's disintegration of the Xiongnu Empire and submission to the entire Western Regions.
In 49 BC, a han generation of female Jie Jie Princess Jie passed away.
Princess Jieyou was the one who created the greatest achievement among the Central Plains Dynasty and many women. Her legendary career shows that some major events really need women to do, thousands of horses can not be achieved, the soft wind and rain on the pillow can be achieved.