Zhejiang▼
Since the advent of the railway, its importance to driving economic and social development can be described as extremely important. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, under the military oppression of the Western powers, ancient China was forced to open ports. Since then, as the Western powers have increased their plundering of China, in order to consolidate their interests, a large number of advanced science and technology have also entered China, and with the development of the times, more and more Chinese opened their eyes to the world.
At the same time, in order to continue the national order, the Qing court also embarked on reforms such as the Foreign Affairs Movement and the New Deal at the end of the Qing Dynasty, of which the construction of state-owned railways was one of the important ones. Unfortunately, at that time, the Qing government had already reached the end of the western mountains, and even the Jinzhen Railway," which facilitated the Qing court to transport troops and grain and consolidated the Qing court's interests in Jiangnan (at the beginning of the planning, it was intended to be built along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal) was also changed to the Jinpu Railway under the intervention of the great powers. In fact, from this we can see the significance of the Beijing-Zhang Railway, when the great powers (Russia, Britain) also tried to intervene in the construction of the railway, but in Yuan Shikai (yes, it is Yuan Shikai, we must look at historical figures objectively and comprehensively, if there is no Yuan Shikai, the Beijing-Zhang Railway will be manipulated by external forces, and Zhan Tianyou is recommended by Yuan Shikai) and the support of the Qing court, the Beijing-Zhang Railway took four years to complete and open to traffic. Today, fourteen meters above the Badaling section of the Beijing-Zhang Railway and the Badaling Tunnel of the Beijing-Zhang high-speed railway, the bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou still stands there (since 1922), staring at his painstaking works all day long.
Bronze statue of Mr. Zhan Tianyou▼
In fact, at that time, the Qing court lost its autonomy to build railways, and it was not only the Jinzhen Railway? After decades of encroachment and plunder, the British have already made a lot of money in China. However, the British were not satisfied with this and wanted to obtain greater benefits, so in 1897 they proposed to the Qing court to build the Shanghai-Nanjing and Suzhou-Hangzhou-Ningbo railways. The British proposal was unstoppable by the Qing court, which was about to be destroyed at that time, and due to British pressure and the Qing court's need for British funds to maintain its rule, it accepted the British proposal in September of the following year and agreed to expand its power in Zhejiang, and the best carrier of expansion at that time was the railway.
After all, at that time, the Qing court could not even keep the railway to the rich South of the Jiangnan, not to mention the more remote Zhejiang, which was known as "seven mountains, one water and two fields".
Zhejiang landform▼
Fortunately, however, the gentlemen and merchants of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces rebelled in the face of the wolf ambitions of the British, and finally forced the Qing court to agree to raise funds to build the railway by the people of Jiangsu and Zhejiang through unremitting efforts. Since then, with the joint support and efforts of many Chinese people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, the jiangshu railway, the first railway in Zhejiang, was officially opened to traffic on August 23, 1907.
In fact, at that time, no matter whether the Qing court attached importance to the development and construction of Zhejiang, in the end, Zhejiang people could still rely on their own struggle to embark on the road to prosperity and strength.
The Jiangshu Railway was completed and opened to traffic
The most fertile area of Zhejiang is the plains of northern Zhejiang. Irrigation by the Fuchun River, such as the Hangjiahu Plain and the Ningshao Plain, has stable rivers and fertile soils, and has high agricultural potential in ancient times. The Liangzhu people, who evolved their own civilization in the south in ancient times, developed a strong interest in the area after coming to the vicinity of the Fuchun River, and established their own developed civilization on this basis, and made northern Zhejiang the most prosperous area in Zhejiang for a long time, such as Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province.
Located in the northern part of the southeast coast of China, located in the southern wing of the Yangtze River Delta, Hangzhou is an important central city of the Yangtze River Delta and the transportation hub of southeast China. Hangzhou is located in the southern edge of the Yangtze River Delta and the Qiantang River basin, historically known as Yuhang or Qiantang, the historical evolution is similar to suzhou, which is also a "paradise on earth", all of which once belonged to the Yue Kingdom, belonged to Huiji County, and belonged to Wu County, and the name of Hangzhou first appeared in the Sui Dynasty. After Emperor Wen of Sui unified Huaxia, he abolished the Southern Dynasty Chen Guo Qiantang County as a prefecture, and the state was set up as Yuhang, named Hangzhou.
Although the arrival of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has led to the development of Hangzhou, Hangzhou still has not been able to enter the most prosperous cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, and it is not even the center of today's Zhejiang Province, after all, the development of Huiji has dominated Zhejiang for a long time. In terms of foreign sea trade, Guangzhou and Ningbo were the first choices of foreign maritime merchants, and it was not until Qian Miao came to power that Hangzhou really developed.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the feudal towns were divided, and there was a situation of warlords fighting in the whole country. On the eastern coast, Qian Miao, who was born in the cold, raised troops from his hometown of Hangzhou, followed Dong Chang to defend the township against the rebel army, and was worshipped by Tang Zhaozong as an envoy to the town navy for his outstanding merits, and then pacified Dong Chang (Emperor Luoping of Dayue), who was rebellious and rebellious, and basically controlled the two Zhejiang thirteen prefectures led by Hangzhou, and eventually divided the power of the emperor.
Five generations of Wu Yueguo▼
After that, no matter how the situation in the north changed, Qian Miao was still able to protect the people on one side, although he was successively enfeoffed by the Tang Dynasty, Later Liang, and Later Tang, but during his reign, there was basically no large-scale war in the two Zhejiang regions, and it was precisely because of this that Qian Miao was able to pull out his hands to carry out construction. After Qian Miao's governance, the two Zhejiang regions showed a thriving scene in a very short period of time, the economic prosperity of the two Zhejiang Provinces, the benefits of fishing salt and silkworms in Jiangnan, in addition to many scribes gathered in the two Zhejiang, Wu Yueguo has also been known for its talent and literary prosperity. For example, the Hanhai Stone Pond, which has guarded the people of Zhejiang for nearly a thousand years, was built during the reign of Qian Wei.
And it is precisely because of the effective governance of Qian Miao and other Wuyue monarchs that Hangzhou officially ascended to the throne during the Two Song Dynasties, until today. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there were two Zhejiang Roads in the Jiangnan region, and the two Zhejiang Roads included 14 prefectures such as Suzhou and Hangzhou, and Hangzhou was the road rule of the two Zhejiang Roads at that time. According to the "History of Song", the population of Hangzhou at that time had reached more than 200,000 households, which was the most populous prefecture in Jiangnan and was praised by Song Renzong as "the first state in the southeast".
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Hang (Lin) Prefecture (An) continued to ascend to the throne and was elected as the capital (in fact, it was only in the line, the legal capital of the Southern Song Dynasty court was still Bieliang, and it can be seen from this Linzi), and then entered the heyday, and its prosperity was once called "the first capital of Jiangnan".
Hangzhou, one of the eight ancient capitals
Although the Hangzhou area has developed, Zhejiang is not only Hangzhou, but also a vast coastal area and mountainous area, which can also be seen from the "seven mountains, one water and two fields" saying in Zhejiang. In fact, the Zhejiang people, who were influenced by the Yue civilization, originated in the complex mountains of Zhejiang and gradually mastered the knowledge of the sea in the struggle with the rising and falling tides. Plains, mountains, oceans, three different forms of civilization in Zhejiang magically coexisted.
When Zhejiang could not develop well because of the rare plain areas subject to sea intrusion and river invasion, Zhejiang people could only go upstream to the mountainous areas and go to the sea to seek a living, and the ancient Zhejiang people who wanted to multiply and live inevitably had to expand to these two areas that were not suitable for human survival. In fact, in the pre-Qin period, there were four main settlements of Zhejiang people: Wenzhou in the Oujiang River Basin, Quzhou in the Qujiang River Basin, Taizhou in the lower reaches of the Jiaojiang River, and Zhoushan sandwiched between Wenzhou and northern Zhejiang. In fact, as long as you understand and have been to the whole province of Zhejiang friends, you will find that in fact, Wentai and Taizhou belong to the plain area, Quzhou Jinhua provides a mountainous component to Zhejiang culture, and the Zhoushan area gives Zhejiang marine civilization. Mountains, oceans and plains together make up Zhejiang.
Although Zhejiang has not been well developed for a long time, this does not affect the hard working and good management nature of Zhejiang people.
Zhejiang Mountain▼
Zhejiang Sea▼
The diverse terrain of Zhejiang's interior naturally brings a variety of specialties. The grain, fruits and vegetables in the farmland, the prey and mushrooms in the mountains, and the seafood and fish in the ocean have jointly nurtured the Zhejiang people. Due to Zhejiang's diverse and unique and closely connected geographical environment, as long as the ancestors of Zhejiang found ingredients or goods that they did not have, they would exchange and buy and sell. It is also in this context, through the increasingly frequent business activities, Zhejiang people are more and more familiar with business, Zhejiang people are also subtly, exercise the ability to do business.
In fact, as early as the Liangzhu period, commercial activities in Zhejiang existed, and according to confirmation, the commercial trade in the Liangzhu period was quite professional. According to archaeological findings, a large number of jade tools have been found in the Liangzhu site, and the core area of the Liangzhu civilization is not rich in jade, which fully shows that in the Liangzhu period, some zhejiang ancestors have become full-time merchants. The complex and diverse terrain and products gave birth to the earliest commercial atmosphere in Zhejiang.
Liangzhu culture▼
Although the times have limited the development of Zhejiang, at the same time, it has also given Zhejiang more opportunities for development. There are many big merchant gangs in Chinese history, such as Shaanxi merchants, Jin merchants, Hui merchants, Gan merchants and so on. However, these merchant gangs often rose in a certain historical period due to some special demand for goods. As we all know, it is impossible to develop in the long run without industry and rely on a single business alone. Zhejiang businessmen are different, due to the diversity of Zhejiang's landforms, so that Zhejiang's original industrial structure has also become diversified.
Zhejiang merchants▼
For example, famous products such as tea, silk fabrics, and medicinal herbs contributed by the hilly areas, the food crops brought by the plains and the balsamic vinegar wines brewed from excess grains, and the resources such as salt and seafood granted by the coastal areas are all just needs for Chinese quality of life. Although there are many similar products in Fujian in the south, the overall situation in Fujian is much worse than that in Zhejiang.
Zhejiang people will get rich all over the world, compared to the Fujian people to go outside to seek a living business experience, Zhejiang people's business model is more diverse, from stable farming, to wandering maritime merchants, from self-employed handicrafts, to the army of cooperation with the government, the history of Zhejiang merchants involved in a wide range of hunting, amazing. And today, only the Ningbo Shanggang in Zhejiang has survived the ten traditional Chinese merchant gangs and spread to all parts of the world through the full arrival of the marine age. To this day, the legend of Zhejiang merchants still continues. Even if the tannery closes, Zhejiang merchants can still sell their bags to empty their inventory.
Wenzhou Marriott Hotel▼
However, at present, due to the impact of the epidemic, the focus of Zhejiang's housing exhibition in the short term should also be placed in China, and it is also what the country should consider in the near future. For example, in recent years, the Hainan Free Trade Port, Guangxi Beibu Bay, Hong Kong Northern Metropolitan Area and the 2022 major projects held in Hainan, Sichuan, Fujian Xiamen, Shanghai Pudong New Area and other places in early January this year are proof of this. In terms of high-speed rail, since December last year, China has built and opened a number of high-speed railways, such as
The Anjiu section of the Beijing-Hong Kong Expressway (December 30, 2021) and the Section of the Rilan Expressway Qu (Qufu, Shandong) (Zhuangzhai Town under the jurisdiction of Cao County, The Center of the Universe) (officially opened to traffic at 11:46 on December 26, 2021).
The "Huang Doctor" of the Hangzhou-Taiwan high-speed railway arrived in Shaoxing▼
Just on January 8, 2022, Zhejiang also ushered in the completion and opening of a high-speed railway (Hangzhou-Taiwan high-speed railway). On January 8th, as the train whistle sounded, the Hangzhou-Taiwan high-speed railway Taizhou to Hangzhou East G9308 train, Shengzhou Xinchang to Wenling G9309 train at the same time, Zhejiang Hangzhou to Shaoxing to Taizhou high-speed railway officially opened for operation, marking the official opening of China's first private high-speed railway - Hangzhou-Taiwan high-speed railway. The Hangzhou-Taiwan high-speed railway has a total length of 266 kilometers, with a design speed of 350 kilometers per hour, and the fastest 63 minutes between the two places. After the completion and opening of the Hangzhou-Taiwan high-speed railway, it is of great significance to expand the "1-hour traffic circle" in Zhejiang Province, promote the integrated development of higher quality in the Yangtze River Delta, and help high-quality development to build a common prosperity demonstration zone.
In fact, some people also call the Hangzhou-Taiwan high-speed railway a more humanistic atmosphere: "Tang poetry high-speed railway" believes that everyone is familiar with the wonderful poems of the population such as "Tianmu lian tian Therefore, this zhejiang eastern change of heaven is therefore known as the "Road of Tang Poetry".
Take Jinhua City in the heart of Zhejiang, Jinhua itself Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railway and the Hangzhou-Wenzhou high-speed railway under construction (planned to be completed and opened to traffic in 2024, Jinhua's Yiwu and Hengdian stations, are passenger intermediate stations with starting functions) and other railways, such as the Shanghai-Hong Kong express train and all trains on the Shanghai-Kunming, Jinwen, Jinqian line stop at Jinhua Station, Jinhua and many enterprises in central Zhejiang can rely on Jinhua Station, and through the development of 5G communications, e-commerce logistics and self-media and other means, Strengthen economic, trade and cultural exchanges with all parts of China, not to mention Jinhua and Yiwu (of course, the famous Hengdian Film and TV City).
In fact, the development of Yiwu is also quite legendary, since ancient times Yiwu is the economic depression of Zhejiang, after the reform and opening up, Yiwu people have become the city with the largest amount of express delivery contracts in China through their own efforts, and also let the whole world know that Yiwu not only has a Qi family army that can recruit good warriors, but also Yiwu merchants who have traveled all over the world.
Yiwu▼
There are still twenty days to go, the Year of the Tiger is coming, and it is worth looking forward to the Beijing Winter Olympics held on February 4, in fact, there is another sports event in China this year, that is, the 19th Asian Games held in many places in Zhejiang from September 10 to September 25, 2022, in addition to Hangzhou, there are Ningbo Division, Wenzhou Division, Jinhua Division, Shaoxing Division, Huzhou Division, and the relevant facilities of the Asian Games in Hangzhou have been basically completed. It is worth noting that two new competitions have been added this year, e-sports and breakdancing.
Hangzhou Asian Games▼