Shackles are the most basic instruments of torture in ancient times, and shackles of different weights are tailored according to the crimes committed.
Judging from the clothing of the punished person and the kneeling man behind the photo, it should be that the poor family could not bear hunger and stole the money and grain of the landlord's family, and after being caught by the servants, tied to the cross.
Kang Xiaoba, nicknamed Wu Bald, is a native of Tianjin. In the late Qing Dynasty, he was famous as a thief in Beijing and Tianjin.
The standing cage, which seems to be a very simple torture device, has a wide range of applications.
The woman who had been executed by Ling Chi did not know what crime she had committed.