【Cultural Shangqiu】The Poem of Shangqiu (XI) Xia Zhen "Begging to Repair Nanjing Da Neizhi"

Stars in History" series no. 69

Shangqiu in Poetry (11)

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The Sui and Tang dynasties were open and prosperous, and literature naturally entered a period of rapid rise during this period. But in this period, the "Shangqiu" in literature is another desolate scene, and it is only remembered when it is sad. This is in stark contrast to the Sui and Tang dynasty stories that are still talked about today.

Entering the weak two Song Dynasties, Shangqiu once again gained the favor of history and rejuvenated his new youth. The founding emperors of the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties were inextricably linked to Shangqiu. Zhao Kuangyin, the taizu of the Song Dynasty, served as an envoy to the German army Jiedushi (宋州, in modern Suiyang District). After taking the throne, "the edict has the title of the world, Song, because of the name of the state of Jiedu." Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty was located in Nanjing (present-day Shangqiu), the capital of Yingtian, where the Southern Song Dynasty began. To this day, Shangqiu still has many legends and stories about Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Zhao.

Keynote speaker

Liu Wanhua, a native of Shangcheng, Henan, is an associate professor at the School of Humanities of Shangqiu Normal University, and a doctor of literature.

"Suiyang Five Old Figures"

The five people are more than 400 years old, and they are called divided into Cao and hanging crowns.

Heaven and earth are difficult to make up for, and Lin Quanyou sent Xu Panhuan.

Flowers are happy at any time, and the snow sideburns are full of cold.

If Suiyang is also a story, why not look at the drawings.

Analysis: The poems are selected from volume 69 of the "Small Collection of Famous Sages of the Two Song Dynasties", written by Du Yan (978-1057), the character Shichang, a native of Shanyin, Yuezhou (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In the first year of the Song Dynasty (1008), he entered the army. In the fourth year of the Qing calendar (1044), he presided over the New Deal with Yan Shu and Fan Zhongyan. In the seventh year of the Qing calendar (1047), he resigned from the old man, and he was promised to be a young master of the crown prince, and lived in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu) in Nanjing for 10 years. Emperor Youzhong was crowned Duke of Qi, died at the age of 80, and was buried in Ren Xiaoyuan, Tianzhuo Township, Songcheng. The specific location of Renxiaoyuan in Tianzhuo Township is difficult to say, but the Songzhou Records of Politics records: "Du Yan's tomb is in Renxiaoyuan, Shangqiu County. The "Great Qing Dynasty Unified Chronicle" records: "Du Yan's tomb is in Renxiaoyuan, southeast of Shangqiu County. Ouyang Xiuming. His life deeds can be found in Ouyang Xiu's "Collection of Residents", volume 31, "Prince Taishi Zhi Shi Du Qi Gongyan Epitaph".

During the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi, Hu Gao and other 9 people retired to Luoyang in their old age, known as the "Nine Elders of Huichang". In the first month of the seventh year of the Song Dynasty (1047), Du Yan retired to Nanjing as a young master of the Prince, and together with Du Yan, Wang Zhuo, Bi Shichang, Feng Ping, Zhu Guan, and other old youyou forest, poetry and wine sang, when Du Yan was 80 years old, Wang Zhuo was 90 years old, Bi Shichang was 94 years old, Feng Ping was 87 years old, and Zhu Guan was 88 years old, so people followed the "Nine Elders Society" and called them "Five Elders Society", and painted them as pictures, with Ji Qisheng, so there was the "Five Old Maps of Suiyang".

According to Qian Mingyi's "Preface to the Poetry of the Five Old Figures" composed in mid-1056, "Song human form is in the form of a painter", this "Song" refers to the place rather than the era, and the author should be a painting master invited by the People of SongCheng (present-day Shangqiu) or the People of Songcheng.

When drawing, the five elders were alive and all had poems. Wang Zhuoshiyun: "Divide Cao's return to the government to raise his elderly years, and Li Xia's he will be more crowned." The sages give poetry and laughter and pride, and the holy emperor you command Xu Panhuan. Pang Mei old man is called Shou, and Ling Xue Qiao Song is afraid of cold. Five people are united in five blessings, and the townspeople must be looked at twice. Bi Shichang's poem said: "Fei Cai is the most provocative high year, and the division of affairs has recently hung up the crown." Dare to create a great sage on the track, fortunately according to the capital to be pan huan. The chapter is blessed with a gentle style, and the young man who treats Youlong He is cold. He wished to see the glory of his face and wish to see it forever by painting. Zhu Guanshi: "Each dynasty is still in the government of Yao Nian, and the crane hair should be crowned with the Crown of the Dao." At first glance, the forest spring can be opened, and all the hairpins are still coiled. Jun'en is as heavy as the heavens, and when they sit together, they are afraid of the cold. Nine old and no elderly, Mo will see Silo in general. Feng Pingshi: "Zhao En's duties are leisurely, and he is willing to borrow the crown of the badger in the capital." If the eunuchs come and go, the hill garden returns to the good pan. Drunken spring garden smoke and warmth, listen to the autumn pond water stone cold. Retiring fu and being a hidden companion, Red Dust looked up again. ”

By the mid-autumn day of Hebing Shen (1056), Qian Mingyi wrote a preface to this poem, and when Du Yan (who died on the fifth day of the first month of February of the second year of Jiayou, that is, 1057) was still alive, he might have seen or even read this preface, and what was said in the preface should be more truthful and reliable. Subsequently, through the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, there were famous people and poems or inscriptions, including Yan Shu, Wen Yanbo, Han Qi, Fu Bi, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Sima Guang, Fan Chunren, Su Shi, Su Rui, Huang Tingjian, Fan Chengda, Yang Wanli, Shao Yong, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhang Zai, Hong Mai, Zhang Shangying, Hu Yao, Su Song, Lü Zuqian, etc. of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu, Yu Ji, Zhang Yi, Liu Guan, Duan Tianyou, Cheng Jufu, Yao Fu, Cao Yuanyong, Ma Zuchang, Wang Yi, Zhu Derun, etc. of the Ming Dynasty, Wu Kuan, Gao Xunzhi, Du Mu, Qiu Jun, etc. of the Ming Dynasty, Qian Qianyi, Guizhuang, Shen Xueyuan, Zhang Yunzhang, Zuo Zongtang and so on in the Qing Dynasty.

The portraits and inscriptions of the five people in Suiyang Wulaotu are in many places, the statues of Wang Zhuo and Feng Ping at the Friar Museum of Art in Washington, D.C., the Statues of Zhu Guan and Du Yan at the Yale University Art Museum, and the portraits of Bi Shichang and Qian Mingxuan and others in the Metropolitan Museum of Fine Arts. The Shanghai Museum in China also houses some inscriptions and Ming Dynasty carved five old statues, which were photocopied and published by the Huangshan Book Club in 2008.

《Begging Nanjing University Inner Letter》

Analysis: The works are selected from the Wenzhuang Collection, volume 16, written by Xia Chun (985-1051), a native of De'an, Jiangzhou (present-day De'an County, Jiangxi) in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1033), empress dowager Collapsed, deposed libu shangshu, restored Xiangzhou, Yingzhou, and Qingzhou, and moved to Yingtian (治府 Nanjing, now Shangqiu). Xia Zhen is talented and intelligent, knowledgeable, able to write poetry, elegant and elegant, especially the works of Xiao Li is the most famous. For a long time, the imperial court canons have more than one hand, four or six texts, which can be called "exquisite". Deeply familiar with paleography, there are 36 volumes of "Wenzhuang Collection" and 5 volumes of "Four Rhymes of Ancient Texts", which are included in the "Four Libraries Complete Book".

In the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1033), Empress Dowager ZhangXian collapsed, and Emperor Renzong of Song was able to personally govern and depose the ministers of the two provinces, and Xia Zhen was also listed. In April, Song Chun took the title of Libu Shangshu and Zhixiang Prefecture. Did not do it and changed to Yingzhou. "Since then, Xia Chenduo has been in a foreign post and began his career of upheaval and displacement." In July, he moved to Qingzhou and served as a pacifying envoy to the army of the Tokyo Disaster Prefecture. In the first year of Jingyou (1034), he deposed the Jingdong appeasement envoy, and because of his meritorious service in relief, he added Shangshu to the Punishment Department and still knew Qingzhou. Soon, he learned of Ying Tianfu and stayed behind in Nanjing. In March of the first year of the Zhibao Dynasty (1038), The Tobe Shoshu recalled the three envoys. The "Begging for the Great Inner State of Nanjing" was written during the Zhiying Tianfu period.

Guide, the land of the Song Taizu Zhao Kuang Yin Longxing, had a heavy political status during the Northern Song Dynasty. In the fourth year of Jingde (1007), he was promoted to the German army as Ying Tianfu. On February 1, 1014, the seventh year of the reign of DaZhongxiangfu, Ying Tianfu was again elevated to Nanjing, as one of the four capitals, the city's spiritual palace, the main hall is named "Guide". Shangqiu County Chronicle Volume III: "Guide Hall, in the old city, the main hall of the Song Nan capital palace." By the time Xia Zhu knew about the Tianfu, the inner city palace was much damaged, and the "Guide" hall had disappeared, leaving only the "decadent grass", feeling this "Shape", in order to fight for restoration funds. During his tenure in Nanjing, Xia Chun acted harshly. According to Sima Guang's "Records of Shuishui", volume IX, it is written: "Xia Yinggong stayed behind for Nanjing, and the staff people were good at sneaking and adding to their numbers." Mention the punishment of Ma Xunmei, Wu Renye, impeachment: "Minister Xia, the court is not light, the crime is difficult to forgive, the ming is a heavy punishment, why should he deceive the villain and add a rod to count?" 'Commandments to take the precepts. At that time, the courtiers were all ashamed of the British. In addition, in his "Wenzhuang Collection", the articles written during the period of stay in Nanjing include "Nanjing To Ren Xie Shang Table", "Nanjing Xie Minus Reduction Table", "Nanjing Arrival Xie Erfu Qi" and so on. Although Xia Chun did not stay in Guide for a long time, he played an important role in the inheritance of Guide's cultural heritage, and this article is an important document on the study of Guide City in the Song Dynasty.

Xia Chun also has a poem entitled "Sending Yang Xueshi to Stay in Nanjing" (Wenzhuang Collection, vol. 34). "Painting the drum of the ship suddenly floating east, leaving the curtain guest from the waiting ship." The palace copper fish survey door key, the silver rabbit in the house. Mingyiyuan Passers-by ride thousands of horses, sending guests to the river bridge with a hundred pots of wine. Mo wei article also bitter, que chi dragon and entertainment. "Xia Chen's poems are mostly works of devotion and singing, the content is relatively poor, and the style is mainly rich, with clusters of flowers and dazzling eyes. This poem was sent by the author to his friend Yang Xueshi to stay in Nanjing (present-day Shangqiu), when the author was in the capital Ofeliang (present-day Kaifeng), so it is said to be "East Floating". The poem lays out the grandeur of the farewell scene, and the importance of this appointment of friends. At the same time, comfort friends and walk and cherish, do not lose and self-disturbing, travel east to Han Liang's hometown, and soothe the soul.

Source: Beijing-Kowloon Evening News

Text/Reporter Jia Ruochen