According to the "Qing History Manuscript , Benji XVI , Renzong Benji " , Jiaqing First Year Of the First Year of the First Year of the Reign of Emperor Renzong , the Inner Zen was held , and Emperor Gaozong was appointed to the Hall of The Temple , the Hall of The First Heaven , and the Hall of the Emperor Shou. Emperor Gaozong's Imperial Palace and the Hall of Conferring seals. Ascending to the throne, Emperor Gaozong was honored as Emperor Taishang and trained the government.
Jiaqing succeeded Qianlong, and was diligent and earnest for the emperor, but to no avail
As the son of Qianlong, the Jiaqing Emperor Was lucky, and when Qianlong lived to the age of 85, there were only 5 princes left, and there was no choice. Although Jiaqing did not have an absolute advantage, he also had no obvious disadvantages, so he was eventually designated as the successor and placed him in advance.
After Jiaqing took over, he was respectful and respectful to emperor Taishang, and until Qianlong's death, Jiaqing still got up early in the morning before dawn to take charge of the government, and he led by example and worked hard to govern.
However, what is quite surprising is that although the Jiaqing Emperor was diligent and earnest throughout his life, and vigorously advocated honesty and frugality, the crisis of the empire was not alleviated, but the national situation showed a downward trend.
The reason is that the Jiaqing Emperor had the diligence and enthusiasm of the Yongzheng Emperor, but he did not have the great wisdom of his grandfather, and the administration of ah shi paid too much attention to small sections and "flower racks", and for the reform cause related to the national economy and people's livelihood, it was often helpless, resulting in more drawbacks.
The word "mediocre" is a character trait of Jiaqing
After the Qing army entered the customs, the country gradually settled down. After the death of Shunzhi, from Kangxi and Yongzheng to Qianlong, these three generations of emperors, worked hard to govern, and were rendered by historians, and this period was called "Kangqian's prosperous era". But by the time Jiaqing ascended the throne, the Qing Dynasty was no longer a so-called prosperous world.
At that time, the Miaojiang rebellion was initially decided, the White Lotus Sect was rampant, the victims were everywhere, and the national treasury was empty, which made the Jiaqing Emperor very headache. Although the Qing Dynasty began to lose from Jiaqing, its responsibility could not actually all be attributed to Jiaqing alone.
Compared with his father and ancestors, the Jiaqing Emperor was a mediocre son who had neither political courage nor the spirit of innovation, neither the ability to manage government nor the courage to be a character. The word "mediocrity" is the main character trait of the Jiaqing Emperor.
However, in his mediocre days, Cheng encountered two waves - assassination.
When the road was assassinated by assassins, a hundred guards watched but did not save the car
Once, Jiaqing returned to the palace from the Yuanmingyuan, and the royal driver had to pass through the Shenwu Gate. On the way from the Shenwu Gate to the Shunzhen Gate, suddenly from the ear room beside the road, two people, both armed with short knives, stabbed directly at the Imperial Dragon. The Jiaqing Emperor was suddenly frightened and panicked.
According to the Qing History Manuscript Renzong Benji, "Eight years ... Leap February Pengyin, shang is also stationed in the Yuanmingyuan. Yi You, returning to the palace, entering the ShunZhen Gate, the adulterer Chen De prominently committed a crime.
At both the Shenwu Gate and the Shunzhen Gate, there were a large number of guards standing guard, and this kind of assassination seemed very unreasonable. And it was this "unreasonableness" that made everyone panic, and although the guards of the two doors were heavily guarded on weekdays, they were also the first time they encountered the assassination of the emperor, and they did not go to the rescue in time. And the eunuchs next to the imperial court were even more timid as rats.
On the day of the Assassins' assassination, Jiaqing's bodyguards were no less than a hundred. However, when the Assassins rushed to the front of the holy car, only six people, Nameng en, Prince Ding, Prince Lavan Dorji, the imperial bodyguards Danba Dorji, Zhulhanga, Zaktar, and Sangistar, reacted, and the other hundred guards acted as spectators.
At this critical moment, Mian'en blocked the bayonet with his body, while Lavandorzi threw himself at the murderer and struggled for half a day before the guards subdued one murderer and the other escaped. In the end, the Jiaqing Emperor was unscathed, and it was Mian'en who was stabbed to the ground, and the other Lavandorji was seriously injured. The remaining hundred or so people were all watching the drama from the side.
In this regard, Jiaqing was very angry, and said angrily: "More than a hundred bystanders, are you not a close relative of the world, and are you not a servant of the world's favored country?" Seeing such things, he is still so indifferent, and he hopes that he will devote himself to the affairs of the state on a daily basis? Those who are afraid of the place of decay are here and not in the other. The courtiers have the conscience, ask themselves in their hearts, can they be ashamed? ”
The murderer was caught as a cook, and the reason for the assassination was simply absurd
After the murderer was caught, Jiaqing ordered the Punishment Department to jointly try the case with the Minister of Military Aircraft, and the murderer confessed that his name was Chen De, and the person who escaped was his son.
Chen De, whose ancestral home was Tai County, Henan, was able to become a chef in the Qing Dynasty's Ministry of Internal Affairs because of his sword skills. However, he was later expelled for some reason. It is reasonable to say that as the imperial cook of the former Ministry of Internal Affairs, Chen De relied on this resume and it was not difficult to find a job with better treatment.
However, Chen De did not look for a job after leaving the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and has been wandering around, and finally became an unemployed vagrant.
Later, his wife also died of illness. Chen De had to support his 80-year-old mother and two sons, and his life was stressful. Coupled with the fact that he owed a bunch of debts and could not repay them, he consulted with his eldest son and planned to commit suicide with the family.
However, the father and son felt that it was too bad to die like this, so they decided to do a big thing, that is, to assassinate the emperor. If the assassination is successful, then the father and son will be earth-shattering. And if the assassination does not succeed in being hacked to death by a random knife, it is also a vigorous death.
This life is not in vain, and it has left a name for future generations.
Chen De's son was later arrested, and after a month of interrogation, the father and son bit the confession to death.
At that time, Lavandorji believed that Chen De's confession should have been thought out in advance, and there must be someone behind it, otherwise the palace was heavily guarded, and it was absolutely impossible for him to do so, and his reason was also very absurd.
Jiaqing executed the three fathers and sons, lamenting his loss of morality
Suspecting that someone behind them supported this remark made the people in the DPRK and China panic, and many ministers were worried that the Jiaqing Emperor would use it to crack down on dissidents.
However, I did not expect Jiaqing to say: "The ministers of the Manchu Dynasty are all the flesh and blood of Yuan, and they can't bear to speculate." Since Chen Dejun was guilty, he would kill Chen De's entire family and not even touch anyone. ”
In this way, the crisis of the ministers was lifted, and later Chen De and his two sons were killed, and Chen De's old mother, Jiaqing, could not bear to kill her, so he decided to release her.
According to the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty", he was ugly and said: "Chen De's affairs are regarded as dogs, and there is no need to be poor." Those who are ashamed, the virtue is not revealed, and there is such a warning to the ear. That is, according to the law. On the same day, Chen De and his second son bowed down. ...... Gengyin, strict access control. ”
As a result, Jiaqing became the only emperor in the modern feudal dynasty to be assassinated by a cook in historical records.
Finally, Jiaqing said, "Those who are ashamed of what they are afraid of, if they do not behave properly, they will lose their morality, and they will have this warning." Cultivate morality, be diligent in government and love the people, and introspect yourself. ”
Jiaqing was assassinated, and he felt that it might be because of his immorality, and the heavens gave him a warning, so he deeply reflected on his mistakes.
However, even if he reflected on his mistakes, he still could not escape the fate of being assassinated.
The Tianli Sect invaded the Forbidden City, and Jiaqing happened not to be able to escape the disaster
In the eighteenth year of Jiaqing, the Tianli Sect revolted. A part of the congregation arrived in the capital and incited hundreds of lower-class people to prepare to attack the Forbidden City and change the dynasty.
Finally, Lin Qing, the leader of the Tianli Sect, under the guidance of the eunuch Liu Jinheng and others, led more than 200 people to infiltrate Beijing to assassinate the emperor. Some of them even rushed into the Yangxin Gate, and at one point they were about to succeed.
At this time, the Jiaqing Emperor happened to be absent from the Forbidden City, which escaped the disaster. Subsequently, the firearms battalion rushed to suppress this gang of Tianli Sects.
The Forbidden City, the residence of the Emperor of the Great Qing Dynasty, was actually invaded by rebels in this way. Such a thing is really unbelievable. In this change, not only the eunuchs did the internal response, but even among the officials and troops led by Yu Feng, the Prince of Yu, there were also many people who defected on the spot, which shows how unpopular Jiaqing is.
In this regard, the Jiaqing Emperor issued a letter of self-condemnation, saying that this matter was "something that caused the Han, Tang, and Song Ming to do."
The two assassinations were uneasy, and a generation of emperors suddenly died violently
These two assassinations made the Jiaqing Emperor begin to deny himself, and he became afraid of governing the country. In the 25th year of Jiaqing, on the way to the summer resort, the Jiaqing Emperor suddenly died violently.
In the Records of Emperor Qingrenzong, it is recorded as follows: "This time, I occasionally felt the heat. ”
This confirms that Jiaqing was originally suffering from heat stroke, possibly due to his advanced age, and died violently after a sudden cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease after heat stroke.
brief summary
Overall, the life of the Jiaqing Emperor was still stable. But in his political career, there were many small episodes. Folk, on the other hand, are often full of curiosity about the life of emperors.
Such a "colorful" life as the Jiaqing Emperor naturally attracted the attention of many people in the folk, and people lamented that Jiaqing, as an emperor, had been repeatedly assassinated, and finally died such a nest, which was really too tragic!
References: Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, Benji XVI, Renzong Benji, Records of Qing Renzong, Qing History Manuscript, Renzong Benji, Qing History Manuscript