Hello netizens, thank you very much for opening the article of the editor, I will, as always, share some knowledge and views with you openly, if the next content can produce some small happiness for you, the author will be honored!
In October of the second year of Chongzhen, Emperor Taiji led tens of thousands of Eight Banners to attack the Ming Dynasty in the south. Because he had suffered Yuan Chonghuan's great losses under the ming dynasty's cities of Ningyuan and Jinzhou, the cunning Emperor Taiji swung a false shot, avoided Yuan Chonghuan's Ningjin defense line and Shanhaiguan, detoured through the Mongolian steppe, selected the Ming Dynasty's weak defense of the Great Wall Jizhen defense area, and broke through the Great Wall defense line from Longjing Pass and Da'ankou to enter the Central Plains.
Huang Taiji's Eight Banners army, mostly elite cavalry, made rapid progress, crossing the Great Wall on October 27 and arriving in Zunhua on October 30, less than three hundred miles away from the Beijing Division, seriously endangering the core of Ming rule. The news of the Qing army's large-scale invasion shook the entire Ming Dynasty, and the Chongzhen Emperor hurriedly issued a decree to mobilize soldiers and horses from all over the country to enter the King of Jingqin at the same time, and yuan Chonghuan, the commander of Guanwai, heard this and sighed, and the bad situation he was most worried about finally appeared. Previously, he had repeatedly suggested chongzhen to strengthen the defenses of Jizhen and Zunhua, but unfortunately they were not adopted by Chongzhen. Now he could only make up for the loss of the sheep, and hurriedly selected a large number of people and horses to enter the customs to rescue the Beijing Division.
However, Huang Taiji had already taken the lead and caught the Ming Dynasty off guard. The Qing army successively broke through the Heavy Resistance of the Ming Army, successively conquered important towns such as Zunhua and Santun Battalion, and hit the Beijing Division on November 20, and the Ming Dynasty Beijing Division Defense War began. Yuan Chonghuan led Zu Dashou, Man Gui and other elite troops of the Guanning army, which had also gathered, and the two sides launched more than ten fierce battles under the capital city.
Due to the desperate struggle of Yuan Chonghuan and others, although the Eight Banner Soldiers of the Emperor Taiji were brave and fierce, they did not take much advantage, and the two sides formed a stalemate. However, in the next few days, the situation underwent dazzling changes, the commander of the Ming army, Yuan Chonghuan, was arrested by Chongzhen for collaborating with the enemy, the general soldier Man Gui was killed in battle, and the chief soldier Zu Dashou heard that Yuan Chonghuan was imprisoned, and in a fit of rage, he led the Guan Ning soldiers out of the battlefield and returned to the north.
In the blink of an eye, the Chongzhen Emperor was in a dilemma of no general available. Just then, a strange thing happened. The Chronicle of the Southeast and the Yaofeng Wenqi all record that the Ming Dynasty Shujishi Jinsheng and Liu Zhilun wrote to the Chongzhen Emperor and recommended a monk to him. This monk's name was Shen Fu, and he had the "talent of using soldiers", claiming to be proficient in chariot attack and defense and could defeat the Qing soldiers. The Chongzhen Emperor was already ill and rushed to the hospital, and without saying a word, he immediately summoned the monk Shen Fu.
Who is this Shen Fu? The Yaofeng Wenqian records that Shen Fu was a native of Yunnan, "Renxia had a verbal discernment", was generous and chivalrous, and could speak eloquently. During the Apocalypse, "Fu Fang was a floating tu", Shen Fu became a monk, and yun traveled to the famous mountains and rivers. One year he came to Mount Song, but he met a Daoist. Shen Fu saw that he was a high-ranking person, "begging for his skills, mastering the work", and the Taoist priest gave him a book and drifted away. Shen Fu opened the book and looked at it, "All Ancient Martial Arts", it turned out to be a book of martial arts. The most surprising thing is that the book details the offensive and defensive tactics using chariots. If Shen Fu had obtained the most precious treasure, he studied hard day and night in the Song Mountains, "learned for more than a year", and mastered the method of attacking and defending chariots from then on. Later, when Shen Fu came to the Capital Division, "fu counted the gongqing secretaries and often did not see and listen", but the princes and ministers had no interest in him.
As we all know, the Qing Dynasty army in the field war front, often able to fight the Ming army defeat and loss, in addition to the Qing army's bravery and fierceness, its cavalry superiority is one of the decisive factors. The Ming Dynasty's infantry-based troops, facing the onslaught of Qing cavalry on the plains, often collapsed at a touch. The chariot is one of the "magic weapons" for infantry to deal with cavalry. Chariots can be used as means of transport in peacetime, and can be connected to form a barrier in wartime, making it difficult for enemy cavalry to overcome, so that infantry can easily cast firearms and bows and arrows behind the chariots, minimizing casualties and offsetting the advantages of enemy cavalry. The famous Ming Dynasty generals Qi Jiguang, Sun Chuanting and others realized this and were very effective in using chariot tactics. From this point of view, this Daoist is likely to be a person who has a relationship with the Qi family army at that time.
Chongzhen personally summoned Shen Fu and inquired in detail about Shen Fu's chariot attack and defense techniques, and was greatly interested, so he immediately promoted him to "deputy commander of the Beijing camp" and asked him to seize the time to build chariots and prepare for battle. However, Chongzhen did not have much confidence in Shen Fu in his heart, Shen Fu was named deputy commander-in-chief, but Chongzhen did not allocate him a soldier and a pawn, but let him recruit soldiers from the chariot battalion on his own. As a result, in a hurry, Shen Fu could only recruit some people in the city who had no military foundation, "leading all the people in the city, not knowing the operators."
What made Shen Fu even more helpless was that the imperial court did not gather craftsmen and prepare timber utensils for him to make chariots, but "took folk ox carts" and let Shen Fu find ways to transform them on his own. The gap between the civilian ox cart and the military chariot was also too big to be used at all, and Shen Fu hurriedly wrote to the emperor, "It is impossible to neglect Chen Chen", telling the emperor that it was not okay to do so, but Chongzhen was anxious about the siege of the city by the Qing army, and there was no time to take care of him.
Chariots could not be built, and soldiers could not be trained, but Shen Fu had great ambitions but achieved nothing. At this time, the powerful ministers and military generals of the DPRK were very jealous of Shen Fu's change from a white ding to a deputy general soldier overnight, "jealous of Fu using white clothes to overuse", deliberately trying to harm him, on the grounds of military urgency, they wrote to Chongzhen one after another, asking him to send Shen Fu to fight in the Qing army. Chongzhen was also unconscious, "day and night down the soldiers, to promote the battle", urging Shen Fu to hurry out of the city to meet the Qing army.
Shen Fuwan did not expect that things had reached this point, there was no chariot, and the chariot attack and defense technique he was good at could not be applied at all, but he was forced to go to war, "As a last resort, cry bitterly", and cry bitterly. However, Shen Fu was a good man after all, and when faced with death and life, he knew that he would undoubtedly die, and he still stood up for battle without hesitation. That night he led his recruited men into battle against the Qing army.
As a result, before reaching the Lugou Bridge, "the crowd was wiped out", and the subordinates were almost gone. Shen Fu, however, was determined to die, and single-handedly launched an attack on the Qing army, and as a result, "dozens of flying arrows" were killed on the spot. After Shen Fu died in battle, he was also slandered by the Ming ministers, and no one even collected his body. Although Shen Fu is a small person who dares to sacrifice himself to the country at the time of national difficulties, from this point of view, he is definitely not that kind of charlatan. Although he did not win the war, his integrity and courage are worthy of respect. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, the beginner Wang Huan specially wrote an article for him "Shen Fu Biography" to commemorate him.