Datong Ming Dynasty Zhu Jun ■ Epitaph Examination _ Li Baijun
Cultural Relics World, No. 05, 2005, Li Baijun
On April 4, 2002, a Brick Tomb of the Ming Dynasty was discovered during the construction of the Datong Railway Branch Depot in the courtyard. After receiving the report, the Archaeological Research Institute of Datong City immediately rushed to the scene, conducted archaeological surveys and cultural relics exploration around the tomb, and found a total of 6 Brick Tombs of the Ming Dynasty within its construction scope. Subsequently, archaeological excavations were carried out with the cooperation of the railway department. Excavations have confirmed that these tombs are of the same type, most of them were stolen in the early years, and the burial chambers were seriously disturbed by seepage, leaving only some pottery fragments, but Tomb No. 1 removed the burial chamber
In addition to filling the silt, the rest of the cultural relics are well preserved. This burial sits north to south, the plane is rectangular, and it is a single-chamber brick tomb with a long slope of the tomb, with a direction of 180°, and consists of a burial chamber, a closed door and a tomb passage (Fig. 1). Previously, the upper part of the burial chamber had been razed to the ground. The masonry method is to first dig the earth, and then build the brick chamber, which is 4.86 meters long from north to south, 3.64 meters from east to west, the bottom is 5.8 meters deep from the current surface, and the vertical wall at the back of the burial chamber is built with an alcove, with an alcove length of 0.86, a width of 0.14 and a height of 0.9 meters. The four walls of the tomb are built from bottom to top by gray plain noodle bricks with a length of 0.31, a width of 0.15 and a thickness of 0.05 meters, and then to the inside, the top of the coupon bricks is 3 layers, and the seams are bonded with white paste mud. From the closed door into the burial chamber 2.04 meters away, the coffin bed was left on the earthen platform, and the bricks were laid on the top, and the façade was sealed with green bricks. Two pine coffins are placed on the coffin bed, which are buried together for the couple. An epitaph is erected in the southeast corner of the burial chamber. In short, the coupon roof of this brick tomb has reached 3 floors, which is higher in specification than the general tombs of the Ming Dynasty.
Excavations include jade, porcelain, pewter and ming ware fragments and epitaphs.
Jade belt 18 pieces. It consists of 12 large rectangular pieces and 6 peach-shaped jade pieces, knotted on the belt, the jade pieces are thin and flat, and there is no ornamentation. It is 4.5 to 7.4 cm long, 4.5 to 1.7 cm wide, and 0.6 cm thick (Figure 2). It is the waist of the tomb owner, which has been scattered at the bottom of the coffin.
There are 2 pieces of blue and white tangled branches and bowls, similar in shape. Open, oblique abdomen circle foot, bowl interior tangled lotus flowers, bowl outside decorated with cloud head pattern for a week. Caliber 14.8, base diameter 6, height 5 cm (Fig. 3).
1 small cup of blue and white tangled lotus. Open mouth, curved abdomen, circle foot, outer wall of the cup wrapped in lotus, cup heart mandarin duck play lotus. Caliber 6.5, base diameter 3.3, height 4.4 cm (Fig. 4).
1 piece of white glazed sauce mouth cup. Open, folded bottom, circle foot, signed blue and white "big next year made" model. Caliber 6.9, base diameter 2.6, height 3.9 cm (Fig. 5).
Peacock orchid petals small plate 4 pieces, similar shape. The carcass is decorated with makeup soil, and the glaze is not applied to the end. Diameter 10.5, base diameter 5.9, height 2.3 cm (Fig. 6).
Tin pot 1 piece (mutilated). Flat bottom, ventral diameter 9, bottom diameter 6 cm.
Tin furnace (left behind). Flat bottom three-legged, caliber 9, bottom diameter 10.2, height 11.8 cm.
Epitaph 1 pass, stele-shaped, bluestone, through the height of 1.68 meters. The pedestal is 0.8 meters long, 0.32 wide and 0.36 meters high. The stone is 1.32 high, 0.63 wide, 0.17 meters thick, with a round forehead in the upper part, and the word "圹志" (Figure 7) is inscribed with a seal book. The two sides of the yuanzhi are decorated with dragons, the lower four sides are carved with tangled branches, 0.03 meters wide, and the text of the epitaph inscribed on it is 15 lines vertically, with 27 full lines, a total of 237 words, the handwriting is clear and legible, and the record is as follows:
The general Cangxi Yuanzhi (沧溪圹志) of the Dai Domain Raoyang WangFuguo
Zhen Junsui, the sixth grandson of Emperor Taizugao. Great-grandfather Yin Wang, Zu Raoyang Mourning King Zhao, father Zhenguo general Le Shan Weng, mother wife Liu Shi, sheng ■, seven sons of the younger brother, with the temperament of Du, talent and filial piety. Pingju has no play without it, and every time he receives a virtuous gift, he talks about laughter and drinks, and finally does not get tired. Calling themselves Cangxi, people think that they are sympathetic. ■, born on February 28, 166, Zhengde, Jiajing was a general of the Fuguo State in the fourteenth year of Jiajing, with the Xing clan and Lady Feng. The second son, the long filling furnace, unpaid, the second brother, the female four, all unsealed. Sui, died on the first day of the eleventh year of Jiajing Dingwei, and the spring light was seven out of twenty. Obituary, the emperor ordered that there be a camp to be buried as a system. Bu, on April 16 of the following year, was buried in the original yuan of the Western Song Family Village. Insulting Cangxi love money, not trying to be proud of wealth, in the clan room, it can be said that the table is a watchman. The furnace ordered the request of the emperor and wrote it without resignation.
Jiajing Shi Shi Peng Shen Mengxia ji orphan son filled the furnace and other weeping blood standing stone
According to the epitaph, Zhu Junsui was the sixth grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the sixth grandson of Ming Taizu, the fifth grandson of Zhu Gui, the daijian king, and the fourth grandson of Daijian Wangxun.
Zhu Gui, the thirteenth son of Taizu, was born in the seventh year of Hongwu (1374), and was crowned prince of Yu in the eleventh year, changed his title to acting king on the ninth day of March in the twenty-fifth year, and became the prince of Datong on September 25. He died in December of the eleventh year of the reign (1446) at the age of 72, with the courtesy name "King Jian" (Records of Emperor Ming Taizong, vols. 91-226).
The eldest son of King Daijian was born on October 27, 1393 (December 1, 1393) in Hongwu, and was made a daishi on the fourth day of the fourth month of The second year of Yongle (May 12, 1404). He died on the fifth day of the first month of December in the sixteenth year of Yongle (December 29, 1418) at the age of 25. His nickname was "King Of The Enemy".
The eldest son of The Prince of Daiji, Shi Yuan, was the great-grandfather of the tomb owner Zhu Junyi. Born on October 21, 1413 in the eleventh year of Yongle (November 14, 1413), Xuande was made a grandson in the second year of his reign and a prince of the 13th year of orthodoxy. He was intelligent by nature, diligent and studious, and cautious and decisive in dealing with problems, so he was deeply loved and valued by his family. He died on the second day of the first month of August in the seventh year of Tianshun (September 14, 1463) at the age of 51, and was known as the "Hidden King".
King Shiyuan of Daiyin had eight sons, and the eldest son, Chenglian, succeeded to the throne according to the ancestral system after the death of King Yin. His second son was the Prince of Anding, the third son was the King of Boye, the fourth son was unseen, the fifth son was the King of Hechuan, the sixth son was the King of Ningjin, the seventh son was the King of Zaoqiang, and the eighth son was the King of Raoyang. The "King of Raoyang" is the grandfather of the tomb owner Zhu Jun," and the "King of Mourning Zhao". King Mozhao had three sons, the eldest son Zhu Congxun (朱聪) was crowned prince, and yu zi was made a general of zhenguo, and his capital "Raoyang Wangfu" was built in the northwest of Datong Fucheng (Records of Emperor Mingxianzong, vol. 225, p. 1; Ming Chronicle of Datong Fu, vol. III, p. 53).
Zhu Jun's father, Le Shan Weng, his mother Liu Shi, had fifteen children, and Jun ranked seventh. He was born on February 28, 1521, the sixteenth year of Zhengde (1521), the fourteenth year of Jiajing (1535) was a general of the Auxiliary State, Jiajing Ding died of illness on the first day of November (1547) of the year of Jiajing Dingwei, died at the age of 27, and was buried on April 16, 1548 in the wide and flat land of the Western Song Family Village in Datong City. Although Junming died young, he was very polite to people and things, never arrogant and domineering because he was born of royal descendants, and he also performed best in the clan office, but the Ming Dynasty in the middle of Jiajing was smooth and excessive, and the people in the daifu did nothing, so they did not have any political achievements in their lives. He had two sons, the eldest son, Chong lu and the second son, who were not knighted due to their young age.
The Zhu Gui clan lasted for 252 years from the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu (1392) to the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), passing on for 11 generations, and their family was huge and had many branches. On September 13 of the third year of Tianshun, the Duchayuan Zuo Jin Du Yushi Wang Jian said: "In present-day Datong City, there are thirteen houses of the Daifu, and there are more than thirty houses of the general and Yibin, and the number of the kings, generals, and county lords who have not yet left the cabinet is unknown, and there are still eleven unfinished ones in the present-day Repair House" (Records of Emperor Mingying, vol. 3O8, p. 3). The discovery of Zhu Junmo's tomb provides us with extremely important information, that is, the burial place of the "Raoyang Wangfu" family tomb has been confirmed, thus providing valuable information for the study of the tomb locations of zhu Gui, the eleven daiwang and daijian kings of the Ming Dynasty.