You Pu: Lian Feng Han Mo passed on for hundreds of generations

Tour Park statue

You Pu (1526-1599), also known as Taichu, Shaojian, and Baigu, was a native of Fu ning Prefecture (present-day Tuorong County, Fujian) in the Ming Dynasty, who was a young and intelligent boy, known as a "prodigy", and did not enter the career until the age of 49, and resigned from his post at the age of 70. Although he only had a career as an eunuch for more than 20 years, he was famous for his divine prison break and clean and benevolent government, and has been praised to this day.

You Pu is also deeply accomplished in literature, and is one of the few historical celebrities in eastern Fujian who has passed down a collection of poems, and his Lefu is known as "a moment of solitude", but it is rarely paid attention to by today's people.

Upholding the law and upholding the law is benevolent and benefiting the people

In the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1574), You Pu Kao Zhongjinshi, served as the governor of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan, moved to Dali Temple, deputy of the Right Temple, left temple Zheng, transferred to the Punishment Department Lang Zhong, "three main legal divisions, no unjust imprisonment", promoted Tohu Guang to participate in politics.

You Pu not only strictly rules and regulations, upholds the law and is upright, but also educates the people with virtue, and promotes profit and eliminates harm. His text "Ode to Politics" can be seen in his idea of benevolence and government to benefit the people: "Conquer the land, persuade the cultivation of mulberry, all enlist, cut funds, suppress the strong and tyrannical, sympathize with the lonely, study near and far, Du Yu, eliminate adultery, save the excesses, build schools, climb the junxi, trenches, eat the armed equipment, observe the people's hidden, and level prices." Shi Yong is in Ku, agricultural song is in the wild, Shang Jia is in the city, and travel is on the way. ”

You Pu pursues the people-oriented idea of benevolent government, and benefits the people when he is an official in one place. When he first served as the governor of Chengdu Prefecture, he traveled all over Shu to clear up unjust prisons, and went deep among the people to understand the shortcomings of the administration of officials and the difficulties of the people's livelihood; he wrote to the two chambers of the people, proposing to abolish local redundant personnel and establish a set of streamlined and effective personnel mechanisms; he suggested that agricultural grain should be levied at the original price of the officials to alleviate the people's difficulties; and he believed that the military defense strategy should be adjusted, hoping that while enhancing military strength, it would also be able to alleviate civil service and ease the contradictions between the army and the people.

After 6 years, he served in Dali Temple, immersed himself in the study of prison words, redressed unjust cases, and enforced the law impartially. After serving at Dali Temple for 6 years, You Pu was supposed to be promoted, but he was heavily relied upon by the Fa And transferred to the position of Langzhong of the Punishment Department. Wanli's "Funing Zhou Zhi" records that "every time the pavilion is suspicious, the people are all called gods." and the Shanglu, the Great Sikong Office is the first in the world, and the Hai Nei praises its text, which is more than the son of the son." The imperial edict stated that "the state punishment is not arbitrary, and the people's lives are not unjust, which is enough to be called only good." Most of the officials who serve in the Punishment Department take it as a teacher.

In the seventeenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1589), he served as the deputy envoy of Guangdong According to the Inspection Division, You Pu reformed the salt law and did not fear power, exposing the evil deeds of the general Li Dong, but he was framed by villains, fortunately, because Li Dong was notorious, public opinion had its own justice. Xiao Nianqu, the governor of Liangguang, wrote an inscription for You Pu: "Talent and sincerity, and excellence in learning." The rope corrupt officials thus recruited, and the people who were hurt and wounded will eventually be honored. ”

In the twenty-first year of the Wanli Calendar (1593), You Pu was promoted to the position of Right Counselor of Huguangbu, and during the famine, You Pu tried his best to suppress the haoqiang, rescue the disaster victims, and live tens of thousands of people, and proposed to suspend the construction of the embankment to let the people rest and recuperate.

At that time, Li Tianrong, a powerful and powerful man in the Jingmen of Chengtian Province, dominated one side, and the superintendent and the county chief were driven by him to fish and flesh the people. One day, Li Tianrong grabbed a Xiucai from the school and cut off Xiucai's fingers and toes, and the students of the same school did not dare to say a word. You Pu was very angry, he was sitting in the yazhai when suddenly a piece of paper appeared in front of him, and on the paper it was written, "Tianrong wishes to enter a thousand gold, please send all the things that happen." You Pu looked everywhere, but couldn't figure out where the piece of paper came from. Therefore, You Pu's family cried and advised him not to care about this matter, otherwise there would be flying swords flying in. You Pu said, "I will see the thorn (even if I am killed), and I can fight the violence for the people, so why bother!" So Li Tianrong was punished. However, You Pu was framed by Li Tianrong's henchmen and resigned in anger. The people of Jingmen thanked him for his kindness and sent hundreds of miles of weeping goodbye, and Li Weizhen, the rebbe Shangshu, wrote the "Records of the Great Politics of the Duke of Youzhi", which commended You Pu's achievements.

Act strong and bone-like

You Puju is honest and honest, diligent in government and loves the people, not only has made outstanding contributions to the administration of justice, but also has considerable experience in the military, the administration of officials, and the people's livelihood, and the suggestions he has made are all based on the interests of the people. It is now sparse and has repeatedly spoken out for the people, such as "The Redundant Members": "If it is not the so-called one-point wide, then the people will receive one-point gift!" "Negotiation and Defeat": "Seize the right to buy the household, and let the Peasants be trapped." "The Regent of the Legislative Council": "The scoundrels who are poisoned by the people may be able to go straight to the government to be less su." "It can be seen that it is a piece of red devotion for the country and the people.

You Pu's sense of responsibility for the people's life is inseparable from the family environment when he was young. His grandfather and father abandoned the examination and returned to their hometowns, and the family lived only on the meager income from the fields. Moreover, his father You De was generous and righteous, often pouring out his help to others and having no worries, so the situation of the You Pu family became increasingly embarrassing.

When You Pu was a teenager, his grandfather, father, and grandmother died one after another, and the family was surrounded by disciples, relying only on his mother Chen's weaving to support his livelihood and provide you Pu with education. When You Pu was a teenager, he studied in Fuding, and Fuding still has a story that Says that You Pu once dipped wooden chicken legs in soy sauce with rice and caused the same window to suspect, and was framed as a chicken thief. Years of poverty and lowliness have made You Pu deeply familiar with the sufferings of the people and can worry about the worries of the people.

On the other hand, You Pu has a tendency to reform his actions, eliminates the disadvantages of political prosperity, and is straightforward and decisive. At that time, Zhang Juzheng, the first assistant of the cabinet, implemented the change of law to save the ruling crisis, and you Pu, who was full of ideals, also expressed his recognition of Zhang Juzheng's reforms, such as the dismissal of local redundant personnel, which was a response to Zhang Juzheng's implementation of the "Examination Law" to cut redundant officials at that time. Wu Zhenmiao's article "You Pu and Zhang Juzheng's Reforms", published in the Fujian Chronicle of History, No. 4, 2008, introduced this.

Although You Pu resigned as an official, although he made a choice because he had been slandered many times and experienced the dark officialdom, his old age and the death of his children and grandchildren also gave him the idea of retreating. In the twilight years, people should have entertained their grandchildren and enjoyed their old age in peace, but You Pu traveled abroad for many years and rarely returned home, and his poems mostly reflected the homesickness of the prison journey. He had taken his descendants with him, but he had successively encountered the pain of the eldest son, grandson, daughter of the eldest grandson, and the eldest grandson's illness, which was a great blow to him in his later years. After he paid such a heart and price, he was still framed by villains, and it was difficult to tolerate the officialdom, and his heart was desolate and disappointed, and the people were weak and weak, unable to change the atmosphere of the court, so that they could go to the beggar book in the twenty-third year of the Ming Dynasty (1595).

When You Pu was an official, he was nearly half a hundred years old, which can be described as a late success, but because of this, he was mature and firm, and he was also influenced by the innovative atmosphere in the DPRK and China, and he was strong and healthy, adhering to his upright disposition, and his bones were rugged, although he was helpless to the decline of the late Ming Dynasty with his personal strength, he did his best to benefit many people. Its honest style is full of positive qi and can be used as an example for future generations to fight corruption and promote honesty.

The pearls left in Minzhong are hidden in the mountains

You Puzhi's integrity has attracted considerable attention, and his literary achievements have been less commented on. In fact, You Pu is not only a generation of honest officials who are upright and promising, but also an accomplished poet.

You Pu's poetry is excellent, and there are many of them, and they have been highly praised by the people of the time. However, his works "Lingnan Manuscript", "Shan Shan Shecao", "Zhejiang Book of Punishment" and so on have all been scattered, and now only "Zhuyi Kao" and "Tibetan Mountain Collection" have survived. Published in the 20th year of the Ming Dynasty (1592), Zhuyi Kao is a comprehensive geographical book introducing the southeast sea and the southwest frontier, and You Pu is based on the works of his predecessors and combined with interviews and anecdotes. The Collection of Tibetan Mountains consists of ten volumes of poetry and two volumes of the Collected Works of YouShanzhi, which were carved by Zhongqing, the grandson of You Pu, in the forty-fifth year of the Ming Dynasty (1617).

The poems in the "Collection of Tibetan Mountains" were basically composed by You Pu after his departure, while although other poetry collections have been scattered, from the perspective of the title of the collection, the "Lingnan Draft" should be the work of You Pu during his tenure in Guangdong, and the "Shan Shecao" is the work of You Pu during the period when You Pu initiated the establishment of the Fanshan Poetry Society during his tenure in Huguang.

You Pu did not serve in Mindi, and had little intersection with the Chinese people in Fujian, and after resigning from his official post and returning to his hometown, he hid the poems in the Zheyang Mountains, and the family carved copy of the "Collection of Tibetan Mountains" was mainly used for his own collection and gifts to relatives and friends, so it was not widely circulated.

In recent years, with the emphasis on the culture of the villagers, Tuorong County has vigorously supported the collation and distribution of You Pu's works. In 2015, the Fujian People's Publishing House published Wei Gaopeng, Wei Dingluo, and You Regeneration's "You Pu Poetry Anthology", which is based on the Ming engraving, including ten volumes of poems, two volumes of "Zhuyi Kao" of the "Collection of Tibetan Mountains", and extensively searched the history books Fang Zhi, Ming Wen Zhi, and Pu Mu Jia Cheng, recording a number of biographies, anthology, and poems, followed by a chronology, quite complete collection of You Pu's existing works and related materials, and the "Preface" at the beginning of the volume comprehensively introduced You Pu's life and achievements. It provides a good basis for further study of Youpu.

In the "You Pu Poetry Collection", there are 218 poems with 203 questions, 87 poems of five words and ancient style, 64 poems of seven ancient styles, 234 poems of five words, 423 songs of seven words, 6 poems of five words, 4 poems of seven words, 22 poems of five words, 196 poems of seven words, 4 couplets, and 67 articles.

As far as the content of the poems is concerned, the pseudo-ancient music house mainly reflects current events. Influenced by the retro trend of thought in the Ming Dynasty, You Pushigu was more strict, with 203 poems and 218 poems, mainly based on the old title of Lefu in the Six Dynasties of Han and Wei, and only 6 cases were new titles of Lefu after the Six Dynasties. Its proposed Lefu does not strictly follow the original meaning of the book, but adheres to the principle of "borrowing the eyes of the ancients", and integrates the multifaceted crises of the Ming Dynasty into ancient things and antiquities, so that the Lefu poems have both depth and breadth. For example, the satire of the Jiajing Emperor's reverence for the wrong country, the denunciation of the courtiers for failing to fulfill their duty of advice, the criticism of corrupt officials and corrupt officials oppressing the people, the reflection of poetry on the court is mostly a negative impression, and many of the old themes of Lefu, which originally expressed a positive atmosphere, have also been incorporated into negative subject matter.

You Pu is now a sick and sick people in the country with the appearance of high antiquity, and his sightings and feelings are touching to the heart, and he has a high artistic appeal. In addition to the pseudo-ancient music house, other genres of poetry record the life of Youpu, mostly for travel and social travel. For example, "the guest's heart is busy all day, and it will be difficult to return to the letter" ("Paizhou Blocking the Wind"), "The Cruel Year Is Shocking, floating to other countries" ("Yiling Blocking the Rain"), etc., reflecting his misery of wandering in a foreign land and his longing for his hometown. For example, poems such as "Shouji Jiangxin Temple with Weiqizhu County", "Qingyuan Invited Li Jingqu Xiaoji Ao Pagoda Temple", "Send Chen Yu'an to Jining Prefecture", "Cihuangzhou Xue Li Zongshun Sat on the Table in the Same Year" and other poems, which describe you Pu and his colleagues playing, separating, feasting and drinking.

These poems are precious materials for examining You Pu's personal life. You Pu's articles are mainly composed of sparse and prologues, and there are not many of them, but they are all well-organized, the text is simple, and the feelings are sincere. Regarding the stylistic characteristics of You Pu's poems, the Minzhong poet Chen Minghe said: "Mr. Lefu is high in words and can be surrounded by beams; the seven words are ancient and majestic, and the qi can be pulled up; the five words and the near body are elegant and mellow, and the authentic relics are sound." Its text is full of intent, not sculpted and grandiose. That's right.

Or due to many reasons such as social travel, You Pu is less concerned in the Min Chinese group, and the name of the poem is not revealed. But You Puzhi's poems entered the field of national poetry selection. For example, Zhu Yizun's "Ming Poetry Synthesis" contains three poems by You Pu, namely "Marching Service", "Kapok An", and "Chongning County But Wine". The "Ming Poetry Synthesis" contains more than 3,400 poems from the Ming Dynasty, of which about 2,000 people record only one poem, and You Puneng occupies three poems, which shows that it has a certain position in the history of Ming and Qing poetry. So far, you Pushiwen, which has not been paid much attention to in the academic community, is actually a pearl of Min Chinese studies.

(The authors are 2019 graduate students of the College of Literature of Capital Normal University and professors of the College of Literature of Fujian Normal University)