"The beginning of the country, the wind and rain, the world with a hundred battles, the kings are mediocre." In the process of the founding of the Qing Dynasty and the entry into the Central Plains, there was a prince Xiao Yong who was good at war, had made great achievements in battle, had been listed in the four major baylors, and participated in state affairs, but this prince had a cruel side, in order to invite his father Khan to favor, he did not hesitate to raise the butcher's knife to his own mother, and finally ended up with the fate of exterminating the clan...
1. Three Baylors who fought in the early years
Mang gultai was the fifth son of Nurhaci, born in the fifteenth year of the Ming Dynasty (1587), and was born to nurhaci who succeeded him as Daifuku Jinfucha.
When Mang Gultai was born, it was in the entrepreneurial stage of Nurhaci's expansion of territory, and in this year, Nurhaci built a city on the third floor southeast of Hulanhada, promulgated state affairs, established a law on prohibitions, and called himself Shulebele.
When Mang Gurtai was six years old, his father Nurhaci defeated the nine allied forces in one fell swoop at Mount Gule, and the momentum was greatly enhanced, and nurhaci was accompanied by Mang gultai's mother Fuchashi.
Under the influence of his father, Mang gultai began to fight on the battlefield from a young age.
In the fortieth year of the Wanli Calendar (1612), the 25-year-old Mang Gurtai followed his father Nurhaci to conquer the Ula tribe, and performed extremely heroically, taking down six cities of Ula. Mangkultai then suggested to his father to continue the pursuit of Buzhantai, the leader of the Ural tribes who had fled to Yeh, and Nurhaci said, "Don't go! How can you be a master without servants? How can a monarch be a monarch without subjects? Just weaken him. ”
As Chu Ying was imprisoned and executed by his father Nurhaci, the status of Mang Guertai, who was older and his mother was Also Dafujin, rose rapidly in Jianzhou. In 1615, Nurhaci expanded the Four Banners into Eight Banners, with Mang gultai becoming the lord of the Zhenglan Banner, and his half-brother Derg became the minor banner master of the Zhenglan Banner.
The following year (1616), Nurhaci established the state in Hetuala, and Mang gultai and Daishan, Amin and Huang Taiji were listed among the four major baylors, ranking third by age, called the three baylors.
2. The Heavenly Destiny Khan who kills his mother's favor
In the fourth year of the Mandate of Heaven (1619), the Ming Dynasty sent Liaodong to pass through Yang Hao, and divided into four large armies to kill Hetuala, and the Battle of Salhu broke out. In this war, the highlight of the moment that belonged to Mang Gurtai came, he first accompanied the Great Belle Daishan to kill the commander of the Western Route Army, Du Song, and then returned to the army with his father Nurhaci to behead Liu Ling, who attacked Dong'e by the Eastern Route Army.
Shortly thereafter, Mang gultai followed his father and brothers to destroy Yehebu, the western city of Belle Buyangu surrendered, and Yehebu was annexed by Houjin.
However, a year later, a serious political incident occurred in the later Jin Dynasty.
Someone accused Mang Gurtai's mother, Fucha, of having an affair with The Great Belle Daishan and hiding his belongings, and after hearing about this, in order to show loyalty in front of his father, Mang Gurtai did not say a word, and when he returned home, he killed his mother Fucha.
However, the authenticity of this matter needs to be verified, and this matter was later said in the mouth of Huang Taiji, but it is only isolated evidence. Moreover, this year, there was actually an incident of concubine Abahai and Daishan engaging in a private affair, some people confused the two, not necessarily, at this time Fucha clan should be almost sixty years old, just ask a sixty-year-old woman how to engage in private affairs with her stepson?
Six years later, Nurhaci died. Logically speaking, as the owner of the Zhenglan Banner, his mother had been a Great Fujin for more than thirty years, and Mang Gultai was more qualified to inherit the Khan's throne than the Zhengbai Banner Lord Emperor Taiji from the side room, but no one voted for him, and perhaps the killing of his mother made Mang Gultai fall into a bad reputation.
3. The reckless Baylor of the Imperial Front Blade
In fact, during nurhaci's reign, the relationship between Mang Gultai and Huang Taiji was quite good, but after Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, he wanted to change the embarrassing situation of the four Baylors sitting side by side and establish his absolute authority. Therefore, this generation of Shan, Amin and Mang Gultai all became stumbling blocks for Emperor Taiji.
First of all, Huang Taiji targeted the second Beile Amin, the son of Nurhaci's brother Shulhazi, who was farther away than the other two in terms of blood relations. Emperor Taiji took advantage of Amin's return from Yongping defeat to Guannei to imprison Amin to death, and the blue flag in Amin's hand was given to Zilharang, who wore a pair of pants with Huang Taiji, who was Shulhazi's sixth son, Amin's younger brother.
After Amin stepped down, the four baylors became the three baylors, and at this time, Mang Gultai's position was in jeopardy, because it was no accident that the next person the Emperor Taiji wanted to target was him.
Sure enough, what really put Mang Gultai in crisis was the Battle of Daling River.
In May of the fifth year of Tiancong (1631), the Battle of Dalinghe broke out, in which the Zhenglan Banner to which Mang Gurtai belonged suffered a heavy blow, so Mang Gurtai came to Emperor Taiji to return Niulu, who had been sent elsewhere.
Who knew that Emperor Taiji said, "I heard that the army you led did not obey the orders and missed the military plane." ”
Mang Gultai replied, "There is no such thing. ”
Emperor Taiji added, "If those who accuse you are false accusations, then they should be punished for their sins; if the situation is true, can the one you lead be free of sins?" ”
Seeing that Huang Taiji was aggressive, Mang Gultai was anxious and said, "Why can't the Great Khan just get along with me?" I was already very obedient, do you still want to get rid of me? After saying this, he held the sabre in his hand and glared at Huang Taiji with his eyes, and Mang Guertai's brother Dege saw this and immediately angrily rebuked Mang Gultai, saying that he had committed the crime of disobedience and beating him with his fist.
Who knew that Mang Gultai actually pulled out the saber, and the Emperor Taiji was very angry, scolded Mang Gultai, and exposed mang Gultai's invitation to his mother. Soon after, Mang Gurtai was stripped of his position as Big Baylor and demoted to Dorobele, and at the same time he was stripped of five cattle and fined 10,000 taels of silver.
In fact, it is nothing to reduce the number of cattle to cut and punish silver, what really worries Mang Gultai is that this matter allows Emperor Taiji to seize his handle, and from now on, Mang Gultai will never emerge.
4. Dorobele, who was knighted after his death
After the Five-Year Emperor's Blade Incident, Mang Gurtai also participated in a war against the Chahar Department, but since this war, Mang Gurtai fell ill and eventually died of a violent illness in the first two days of December in the sixth year of Tiancong (1632).
Regarding the death of Mang Gurtai, there are two theories, one is an unnatural death, it is said that the symptoms of Mang Gurtai at that time were "severe disease, can not die in words", it is estimated that the possibility of being poisoned is relatively large. The other is the normal death theory, it is said that Huang Taiji also personally attended Mang Guertai's funeral, and cried bitterly for this.
The theory of normal death comes from the "Records of Emperor Taizong", which generally reflects the interests of the ruling class, and many times does not objectively reflect the facts, and from the subsequent posthumous events that Mang Gurtai suffered, the possibility of abnormal death is very large.
In the ninth year of Tiancong (1635), Mang Guertai's sister Mang Guji's domestic slave Leng Monk Ji denounced Mang Guertai, Mang Guji, and Dege that the three brothers and sisters had sworn an oath together to take away the imperial power, which was also confirmed by Mang Guji's husband Zonom.
Subsequently, Emperor Taiji searched for sixteen "Seals of the Emperor of the Golden Kingdom" in Mang Guertai's home, which was considered to be all human and physical evidence. Emperor Taiji then ordered Mang Guertai to be stripped of his title, deposed his children's clans, and demoted to red belts. At the same time, Mang Guertai's positive blue flag was also chased by The Emperor Taiji, and the eight flags temporarily became seven flags. However, soon the Zhenglan Banner was re-established, and the eldest son of the Emperor Taiji, Hauge, became the new Zhenglan Banner Lord.
In April 1636, less than half a year after Mang Guertai was knighted, Emperor Taiji proclaimed himself emperor in Shengjing, completely realizing the situation of Qiangang's arbitrariness, and the Great Qing Dynasty came into being.
Zichen said:
In the post-Jin dynasty before the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, Mang Guertai was indeed a brave warrior, outstanding in merit, and a rare General of the Eight Banners. But he also had many flaws in himself, such as being irritable and courageous, and eventually being grabbed by Huang Taiji and becoming a stepping stone to the peak of his power.
Moreover, this Mang Gurtai human nature is also somewhat distorted, since the Emperor Taiji can say in public about his mother-killing invitation, it can be seen that this matter is not a wind catcher, and no matter what, a person cannot make a mother-killing move, which is not allowed by humanity, perhaps at the moment when Mang Gurtai killed his mother, his tragic end has been set.
References: Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, Records of Taizu, Records of Manchuria