□ Shen Zhiquan
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lü Zuqian (1137-1181) of Wuzhou (present-day Jinhua) in Zhejiang and Zhu Xi (1130-1200) of Youxi, Fujian, are two monuments to the elevation of the mountain. In the twenty-six years since they met in Fuzhou, the two have met several times, exchanged frequent letters, conducted academic exchanges, and exchanged friendships.
Lü Zuqian's engagement with Zhu Xi began in shaoxing in 1155. In the spring of that year, Lü Zuqian's father Lü Daqi served as a cadre official of the Fujian Punishment Department, and Lü Zuqian waited for Ting Wei, the governor of Citing, to accompany his father to the office, and studied ancient Chinese from Lin Zhiqi in Sanshan (Fuzhou' other name). At the end of the year, Zhu Xi, who was the chief bookkeeper in Tong'an County, Quanzhou, went to Fuzhou to meet Lü Daqi and met Lü Zuqian because his father Zhu Song and Lü Daqi were old friends. At that time, Zhu Xi was twenty-six years old and Lü Zuqian was nineteen years old. This acquaintance, the two formed a friendship. Zhu Xi mentioned this matter in his first letter to Lü Zuqian: "The difference between the three mountains is wide and tired, and the poor mountains are lying down, and there is no longer a question left and right. And relatives and friends from the north, no one can not be virtuous, enough to comfort and admire also ... And the brother does not forget the elegance of the day, and the thought is too thick. (Zhu Xi's "Obscure Collection" answers to Lü Bogong one)
Eight years later, Lü Zuqian received Zhu Xi's visit in his hometown of Wuzhou. In the spring of the first year of Longxing (1163), Lü Zuqian went to Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou) to take the rebbe examination, and gave Jinshi and Di, Fuzhong Erudite Hongzi, with two subjects in Lianzhong, specially awarded Zuo Congzhenglang, and changed to a professor of Zongxue in Nanwai Dun Sect; in mid-July, he visited his grandmother and then returned to Jinhua. Zhu Xi was summoned in the autumn of that year by the Nanyue Temple of Jiantan Prefecture to the three things, such as the way of the university, and in October to Lin'an, he wrote to Lü Zuqian: "The heart wants to see it, and the face is discussed in the heart, but I don't know how to get it?" ("Obscure Collection" answered one of Lü Bogong))
During the discussion of the current situation in the Vertical Arch Hall, Zhu Xi was at odds with the times because he advocated anti-Jin revenge, and in November, he removed the doctor of martial arts and waited for the second time. Zhu Xi asked to resign and return to the south, and visited Lü Zuqian through Jinhua. Lü Zuqian accompanied Zhu Xi on a tour of Jinhua's landscape and water scenic spots, and the two of them were very happy with each other. Kangxi's "Chronicle of Jinhua County" says: "In October of the first year of Longxing, Xi was summoned back to the pair by the Nanyue Temple in Jiantan Prefecture. Zu Qian thought that he was the first to ascend to the throne... In November, Xi removed the doctor of martial arts, and did not agree with Hong Shi theory, and returned to the south. Zu Qian and Kai Zhi Wu, lectured endlessly on learning, traveled to the mountains of the north and south, and inscribed the tomb of Xiaoyou Ershen Jun. And: "Shen Dadu, Xunli villager." He is very friendly with his brother TaiKang. He was buried in Gongling. Zhu Wengong's inscription is 'Tomb of Xiaoyou Ershen Jun', and praises: "South of nanshan, source of changshan mountain." Give and honor, taste the journey. There are shuo people in it, full of Devon. Ancient heart, real simplicity. Mu Mu Di Di, Filial Piety, Brother Oh Er, No One Says Anything. However, Zhu Xi had written a letter to Lü Zuqian in Lin'an, and Lü Zuqian had already returned to Wu in mid-July, and it can be seen that the "Records of Jinhua County" recorded that "Zu Qian and Kai Zhi Wu" were wrong. This meeting was in the midst of zhu Xi's return to the south.
Portrait of Lü Zuqian (Picture from the Internet, the same below)
On March 21 of the second year of Chunxi (1175), because Zhu Xi had broken his promise, Lü Zuqian and his protégé Pan Jingyu (Shuchang) set out from Wuzhou to visit Zhu Xi. This time into Fujian, according to Zhu Xi's original agreement, it was originally Zhu Xi who went to Jinhua to meet Lü Zuqian and traveled to Tiantai and Yandang, but later because Zhu Xi was suspected of forcing the palace to invite officials in order to avoid wuzhou and the capital lin'an, Lü Zuqian entered Fujian instead. Lü Zuqian's "Dong Lai Bei Ji and Wang Duanming": "Zhu Yuan obscure about the spring solstice, because of the trip of the rooftop and the wild goose. Or that the canal has not been out for a long time, although the mountain is now being sought, but when it is appropriate for the first and second public to climb and use, from far and near, I am afraid that those who do not notice or think that they are suspicious, this sincerely is too worried, and the test is considered. If the results of the canal are suspected, then so-and-so should be visited in Fujian. ”
On the first day of April, Lü Zuqian and Pan Jingyu arrived in Wufuli, Chong'an County, Fujian Province, and the museum was located in Zhu Xi's library. Under Zhu Xi's arrangement, Lü and Pan visited Wufu Liu's Manor, Baoben'an, and Wufu's nearby secret nunnery, met with Liu Chongfu, Liu Pingfu, Fan Xuan, Xu Zhoubin, Wang Guangchao, and other local scholars and celebrities, and visited and inspected Zhu Xi's "government of shecang fa fa." After that, he went to the Jianyang Hanquan Jingshe with Zhu Xi, studied the books of Guan and Luo together, edited the "Records of Recent Thoughts" together, and discussed the deletion of the "Cheng's Testament" as the "Cheng Zi Maxim", which is known in history as the "Meeting of The Cold Spring". On May 16, Lü, Zhu, and more than a dozen of their entourage left the Hanquan Jingshe, passed through Wuyi Mountain, and took the shunshui pass to the Goose Lake Temple in Jiangxi's Leadshan Mountain to meet with Lu Jiuling and Lu Jiuyuan brothers.
Arriving at Ehu Temple in late May, He met with Lu Jiuling, Lu Jiuling, Lu Jiuyuan, Zhao Jingzhao, Zhao Jingming, Liu Qingzhi, Zhan Tiren, Xu Jiyi, and others who came to Ehu Temple at the invitation of Lü Zuqian, which is the famous "Meeting of Goose Lake" in Chinese academic history. Lü Zuqian presided over this theoretician debate, hoping to reconcile the contradictions between the philosophical ideas of Zhu and Lu. As a result, after ten days of discourse, Lu Shi took Zhu Xue as "fragmented" and Zhu Shi took Lu Xue as "too simple", and the views were opposed, each did not give in to each other, and finally dispersed without joy.
At the meeting of Goose Lake, although Lü Zuqian did not achieve the expected goal, he communicated the interpersonal relationship between Zhu And Lu brothers, which made Zhu Xue and Lu Xue begin direct exchanges, and even affected the respective development of Zhu and Lu scholars, zhu Xi and Lu brothers both thought that "between lectures, it is deeply beneficial.". Moreover, this move was the first chinese philosophical debate and had a far-reaching impact on the academic history of Chinese thought.
Goose Lake Meeting
Lü Zuqian's fourth meeting with Zhu Xi was in the third year of Chunxi (1176). Lü Zujian and Lü Qiaonian's "Annals": "On the twenty-eighth day of (March of the third year of Chunxi), Zhu compiled and revised in Sanqu. In the spring of that year, Zhu Xi went to Wuyuan, Anhui Province, to visit the tomb of his ancestors, and before leaving, he sent a letter to Lü Zuqian, asking him to find "a deep and secluded place" in Qu and Wu ("Obscure Collection of Answers to Lü Bogong's Forty-five"), and met for several days to discuss and study. On March 28, Lü and Zhu would say goodbye to each other at the Shiyan Temple in Quzhou (a saying that the Kaihua Wang clan listened to Yuxuan) and on April 10. During this period, the two men made fierce and sharp arguments on the "I Ching", "Shang Shu", "Book of Poetry" and even historiography, showing Lü Zuqian's unsympathetic attitude toward academic issues. This can be seen in Zhu Xi's letter to Lü Zuqian: "Yesterday I undertook a long-distance visit, fortunately for a few days, and there were many warnings. Don't neglect five or six days, although you are on the way. Don't forget to look up. ...... Those who have always heard and spoken unmatched, today they think carefully and agree with it. Most of the diseases of the previous day are the deviation of temperament and arrogance, and they have not been cultivated and cured, and the ills of arbitrarily going straight ahead. From now on, we will see each other at different times, fortunately the elder brother will check whether he has entered or not, and the police will also be vigilant. (The Obscure Collection of Answers to Lü Bogong's Forty-Eight)
According to the "Wuyi County Chronicle" and "Wuchuan Preparation" compiled after the Qing Kangxi Dynasty, and Mr. Xu Xueren's "Zhu Xi and Lü Zuqian" published in the "Fujian History" in 1998, it seems that there was another meeting between Lü Zuqian and Zhu Xi in his life, that is, after the death of Lü Zuqian's father Lü Daqi, Zhu Xi went to Jinhua to "cry and hang" and lectured with Lü Zuqian, who was guarding the tomb of Lu Zuqian, at Mingzhao Mountain. There is no record of Zhu Xi's visit or lecture on Ming Zhaoshan in the Annals of Zhu Xi and Lü Zuqian, as well as the correspondence between Zhu and Lü and his teachers and friends. On the contrary, in Zhu Xi's letter to Lü Zuqian, it was found that Zhu Xi repeatedly apologized for not being able to go to Jinhua to mourn Lü Zuqian, which shows that this meeting did not exist. The local officials and scholars in Wuyi implicated Zhu Xi in Lü Zuqian's Mingzhao Lecture and renamed the "Mingzhao Lecture Hall" to "Zhu Lu Lecture Hall" in order to use Zhu Xi's fame and status to raise the level of the Mingzhao Lecture Institute. Besides, when Lü Zuqian was lecturing in Ming Zhao, no matter whether he was knowledgeable or famous, he was not under Zhu Xi, so why should he borrow the name of others? Fortunately, the cultural relics department of Wuyi County has now restored the "Zhulu Lecture Hall" of Mingzhao Mountain back to the original "Mingzhao Lecture Hall", restoring the historical fact that Lü Zuqian gave an independent lecture on Mingzhao Mountain.
Regarding Zhu Xi's failure to go to Jinhua to mourn Lü Xi's father and Ming Zhao's lectures, I have written an article on this matter (see "Zhejiang Academic Journal", No. 5, 2010, "Zhu Xi Did Not Lecture on the Examination of Teaching in the Mingzhao "Zhu Lu Lecture Hall"), and I will not repeat it here.
Zhu Xi statue
The exchange between Lü Zuqian and Zhu Xi, in addition to the four meetings in his life, was more based on correspondence. In the extant "Obscure Collection", there are as many as 106 letters to "Answering Lü Bogong", while in the "Donglai Collection", there are also 67 "Talking with Zhu Shi". In their letters, the two men either talked about the current affairs of the country, or about family affairs, or about the learning of teachers and friends, or about academic writings, mutual advice, mutual rewards and persuasions, and many and wide contents were involved.
Lü Zuqian and Zhu Xi, before their lives, jointly discussed the "Yi", "Poem", "Book", "Li", "Music", as well as the study of Song Ru Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao, and Cheng Yizhi, not only had their own monographs, but also edited the "Records of Recent Thoughts" and deleted the "Cheng Zi Maxims" together, making great contributions to the Southern Song Dynasty. Lü Zuqian had great respect for Zhu Xi, often referring to him as "My Father-in-Law", and had questions and answers to Zhu Xi's questions and answers; he helped Zhu Xi build the White Deer Cave Academy and wrote the "Records of the White Deer Cave Academy" for him; he accepted Zhu Xi's son Zhu Shu as a protégé and acted as a matchmaker; he learned that Zhu Xi's wife died of illness, that is, he wrote to zhu Xi and hanged him; during his serious illness, he also died of his wife Rui's illness, but when he learned that Zhu Xi had built the Xingwan Stone Causeway during his tenure in Nankang, he took Zhu Xi's illness as a record, and his friendship was deeply touching.
Zhu Xi also respected Lü Zuqian, believing that "learning like Bo Gong can change temperament." ("History of Song Dynasty, Lü Zuqian's Biography") Whenever there is a new work, Lü Zuqian's opinion must be consulted first, and after the "Records of Recent Thoughts" is compiled, he immediately writes a letter asking Lü Zuqian to write a preface; Lü Zuqian is seriously ill, and Zhu Xi sends medicine for it; after Lü Zuqian's death, he specially goes to the grave to worship and prefaces his collection of essays, and praises his portrait. As friends, it seems to be impeccable.
However, after Lü Zuqian's death, Zhu Xi made many accusations against Lü Xue and Zhejiang Eastern Scholars, criticizing Lü Xue for being "too complicated" and "unable to keep the covenant", criticizing Zhejiang Eastern Scholars for "abandoning the Six Classics, The Treatise" and "Meng" and respecting Shi Qian, abandoning exhaustive reason and talking about world changes, sacrificing the cultivation of the mind and enjoying the deeds, which was a great harm to the scholar's mental skills" (Qing Wang Maohu's "Zhu Xi Chronology"), and his disciples even denigrated Lü Zuqian because of the dispute over the portal, so that later generations of scholars despised the character of a generation of great Confucian Zhu Zi. The Qing Dynasty Ji Yun and other "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries" commented on the relationship between Lü Zuqian and Zhu Xi: "Although Zu Qian was friends with Zhu Zi, Zhu Zi was too complicated to learn when he tasted illness. His writing was reckless and discerning, and Zhu Zi was also ill and could not keep his promise. Zu Qian studied the ancient meanings in the "Poems", "Books", and "Spring and Autumn", and there are detailed sections in the Seventeenth History. Therefore, the word is multi-rooted, and it does not involve lobbying. The key to the articles written is that it is physically flowing and has a mental solution. Therefore, although the various bodies are heroic and heroic, they do not lose the author's typical, and they are also speechless as the habit of the text. Among the Confucians of the Southern Song Dynasty, it can be said that he is a champion of Hua Peishi. ”
About author: Shen Zhiquan, professor, has published or published more than 2 million words of novels, essays, essays, monographs, and currently lives in Hangzhou.
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