Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News Reporter Shen Menghe / Wen Xia Shanrong / Illustration
In Jinhua, Zhejiang, there is a small city called Wuyi. Wuyi people seem to be particularly fond of the word "Mingzhao" - the longest road in Wuyi County is called "Mingzhao Road"; the high-rise buildings next to the road are called "Mingzhao Hot Spring International Hotel"; there are also "Mingzhao Primary School" and "Mingzhao Kindergarten"... 99% of this preference comes from the birthplace of the "Mingzhao culture", located in Mingzhao Mountain, 3 kilometers east of the county seat of Wuyi.
In order to guard the tomb of his parents, Lü Zuqian of the Southern Song Dynasty stayed in Mingzhao Mountain for 6 years, insisted on academic research, began to form Lü Xue, and formed a unique Wuyi Mingzhao culture under its influence. Mingzhao culture takes the Confucian people's original righteousness, pragmatic and compatible theoretical culture as the core, not limited to the views of the school, seeking common ground while reserving differences, uniting the scholars of eastern Zhejiang, and can still be seen in the spirit of today's diligent and pragmatic Zhejiang businessmen. The protagonist to be searched for today is Lu Zuqian.
Friends who love and kill each other
Founded the Southern Song Dynasty version of the "Hundred Pulpits"
"Mingzhao ancient wood leaves thousand layers, mountains from the floating clouds and streams from the horizontal", in the eyes of Lu Zuqian, Mingzhao Mountain is a good place to do learning. In the eyes of the world, it was he who made the scholars of the Southern Song Dynasty appreciate the charm of the "Hundred Pulpits" more than 800 years in advance.
Mingzhao Temple, hidden in the green of the foothills, is a landmark building of Mingzhao Mountain, and the Zhulu Lecture Hall occupies the C position in the temple, because the famous Theorists of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi and Lü Zuqian, exchanged ideas here.
In the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, the academic controversy of the sons pushed the scholarship of the two Song Dynasties to the peak, and the person who promoted the frequent exchange of scholars of various schools at that time was Lü Zuqian.
Lü Zuqian and Zhu Xi were a pair of close friends who "loved and killed each other", and although they appreciated each other's talents, there were important differences in academic thinking: the former, as a representative of the Zhejiang Eastern School, affirmed human desires and attached importance to deeds; the latter's theoretical thought emphasized "removing human desires and preserving heavenly reason".
Lü Zuqian emphasized harmony but was different, so academic differences did not affect his and Zhu Xi's academic discussions. Wu Guang, a researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences and president of the Zhejiang Confucian Society, who participated in the Zhejiang Cultural Research Project, said: "At that time, there were great differences in the thinking of the school of science, Zhu Xi advocated mingli, Lu Jiuyuan and others advocated mingxin, and Lü Zuqian also mediated, taking advantage of his strengths and emphasizing the practice as the basis, which can be said to have opened the precursor of the Zhejiang Eastern School." ”。
Lü Zuqian's popularity was very good, in addition to Zhu Xi, many famous thinkers at that time were his close friends, Chen Liang of the Yongkang School, Ye Shi, Xue Shilong, and Xu Juhou of the Yongjia School, all of whom had visited, exchanged and lectured at Mingzhao Mountain. Ye Shi once recorded this experience in poetry: "In the past, from the Eastern Lailu Taishi, the autumn night lived together in Mingzhao Mountain. The lonely moon rises in the valley, and the reflection shatters the long forest. With the master remembering this endless intention, sweeping one side and idle. ”
Teach assistant books and give lectures
Build Wuyi into a strong education area
Wuyi is a mountain basin, has always been inconvenient transportation, the Tang Dynasty poet Meng Haoran wrote a poem "Su Wu Yang Chuan" when passing through Wuyi, the poem "The character is Qin Yu" praised the simplicity of Wuyi's folk customs, but also pointed out the lag in the development of Wuyi. However, since Lü Zuqian lectured at Mingzhao Mountain, more than 40 jinshi have been produced in the local area, transforming from an agrarian society to a cultivated society. This is probably one of the oldest examples of knowledge changing destiny and education changing life.
Zou Weiping, a special researcher at Zhejiang Normal University and secretary general of the China Mingzhao Cultural Research Institute, introduced that Lu Zuqian and other famous artists held open classes on Mingzhao Mountain, attracting eager young people from all over the country to take boats, ride horses, and even come on foot to listen to the lectures, especially some young people in Wuyi, who picked up brushes with their hands holding hoes. The remains of the lecture hall in the Mingzhao Temple are now built as the Mingzhao Lecture Hall, and the grand occasion at that time was written by Lu Zuqian: "The chicken chirps, and the sound of the string chanting is handed over to the household court." The sun is resting, the sweat towel, the dragging body, chasing after Songyin, giving time to go to the samson. ”
Lü Zuqian raised the importance of education to a height closely related to the rise and fall of the country. He wants to cultivate a group of talents who are both literate and martial arts through lectures, and has a clear goal: to stress practical reasoning, cultivate practical materials, seek practicality, advocate teaching according to talents, and have the courage to innovate.
Lu Zuqian not only teaches, but also writes. He wrote more than 500 books and more than 10 million words in his lifetime, and the most popular book was the East Leibo Discussion. Originally written for students to cope with the imperial examination, this book began with the analysis of historical events, discussed one matter at a time, and was used as a teaching aid by private schools, and was widely circulated.
The history books refer to the many students who studied under Lü Zuqian at Mingzhao Mountain as "Mingzhao scholars", and it is recorded that there are many accomplished scholars, more than 80 people who have passed on their lineages, and more than 20 who have become high-ranking officials. It was also at that time that local people began to run private schools to emphasize education. It can be said that it was Lü Zuqian who single-handedly created the "education strong area" in the Southern Song Dynasty.
A smooth career in life
Obviously, you can fight daddy, but you have to fight for talent
In addition to having a broad mind and a long-term vision, another reason why Lu Zuqian is admired by posterity is to work hard and work hard, obviously he can fight for his father, but he prefers to fight for talent.
Lü Zuqian was born in a family of officials and eunuchs, and his ancestors had many prime ministers, and since the fifth ancestor Lü Xizhe was below, he had been an official in the dynasty continuously. Because of his grandfather's relationship, Lü Zuqian had an official position before the age of 20, but he did not think much of it, and did not even go to office, bent on taking the road of entering the army. At the age of 26, he was admitted to the jinshi and was awarded the title of Zuo Congzhenglang, mainly engaged in the revision of ancient books. With strength and character, Lü Zuqian had a smooth career in his life, and successively served as a doctor of Taixue, a secretary Lang, an editor of the National History Academy, a review officer of the Shilu Academy, and a writer Lang.
Lü Zuqian's ideology and culture are broad and profound, and they have a great influence on politics, economy, philosophy, education, and especially the view of historiography. Wu Guang, a researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences, believes that Lü Zuqian benefited from the study of Central Plains literature, was known for his historiography, and was also good at classics, just as the "Biography of Lü Zuqian of Song Shi" said, "The family of Zu Qian's learning books has the transmission of Central Plains literature."
Lü Zuqian believes that history is constantly moving forward, and the social system is also "cause and revolution", and to promote historical development, it is necessary to clarify history. Most of his writings have a strong historical purpose, believing that the study and study of history is to learn from the excellent qualities and historical experience of the ancient sages. Therefore, some people also believe that the Mingzhao culture is not a science culture, but a historiographical culture.
Flowers blossom and fall birdsong
The earliest phenological work on the deathbed diary
Lü Zuqian's dying diary is considered to be the earliest phenological work.
Ancient working people called natural phenomena such as migratory birds coming and going, trees flourishing and withering, and animals hibernating and waking up in spring as phenology. Phenology is the science of studying cyclical biological phenomena and serving agricultural production. Although phenological phenomena are often mentioned in texts or poems, the real long-term and accurate record of its works comes from Lü Zuqian's pen.
Lü Zuqian became interested in phenological phenomena at a young age and found that phenological phenomena are inevitably related to the seasons. In the last two years of his life, Lu Zuqian remembered his desire to record and study phenology when he was young. Therefore, Lu Zuqian, whose right leg was almost paralyzed, carefully observed and recorded various phenological phenomena in his hometown in Jinhua.
In Yangchun, he carefully observed the peach forest on crutches, and then returned to the house to record "three days of stinging, dove and peach apricot blooming", it turned out that the peach blossom bloom was a sign of the arrival of the sting in Jinhua.
In the summer, he sat in the orchard for half a day, just to record the growth process of plum trees and other plants that blossomed and bore fruit.
In the autumn, he asked the old hunters and farmers about the time when the autumn insects were chirping, and sometimes he went into the grass to listen.
In the harsh winter, he waddled for more than ten miles, just to go to the rich family's big garden to observe the blossoming and falling of plum blossoms...
In the end, a diary manuscript that condensed his dying efforts, "Gengzi Xin ugly diary", was completed, which was the earliest phenological actual measurement monograph, recording the time and state of flowering of more than 20 kinds of plants such as apricot trees, peach trees, begonias, chrysanthemums and so on in jinhua area, as well as the first time spring birds or autumn insects were heard.
Later, when meteorologist and geographer Zhu Kezhen carefully recorded various phenological phenomena and founded modern phenology, he was quite respectful of the "Diary of Gengzi Xin ugly".
<h1>Lu Zuqian knowledge tuka</h1>
Lü Zuqian (1137~1181), zi Bogong, Zhejiang Jinhua, known as Mr. Donglai. He was a master of science, thinker, historian and educator, and together with Zhu Xi and Zhang Yu, he was called the "Three Sages of Southeast China".
He is in Zhejiang: with Lü Zuqian as the core and Mingzhao Mountain as the base, the "Mingzhao culture" with the participation of many ancient scholars in cultural, academic and educational activities constitutes an important content of the Zhejiang East School.
In the book: Although it is difficult to find Lu Zuqian in textbooks today, he is a best-selling author - the lecture material was compiled into "Dong Lai Bo Discussion", which was used as a high-quality teaching assistant by many private schools at that time.
<h1>Thinking questions</h1>
If you were Lu Zuqian, what would you do when your friends had conflicts? Welcome to submit articles and sign up for the "Zhejiang School Youth League".
Locations of Search:
Mingzhao Mountain
ZhuLu Lecture Hall
Mingzhao Temple
Lower King's House
Goose Lake College
This article is the original work of Qianjiang Evening News, without permission, it is forbidden to reprint, copy, excerpt, rewrite and carry out network dissemination of all works of copyright use, otherwise this newspaper will follow judicial channels to pursue the legal responsibility of the infringer.
![A preliminary study on the academic inheritance and development of the Lü Zuqian School of Social Science Window 41 丨[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)