【Famous Teachers and Celebrities Altar】Miscellaneous Talk about Wuyi Keju | Ancient Liang

Essay) Miscellaneous Talk about Wuyi Keju

Text/Ancient Liang

In the real sense of history, the symbolic significance of the Sui Dynasty Emperor's founding of the Jinshike began.

In the first year (605) of the Sui Dynasty Emperor Daye, jinshike was founded (there are many theories about the specific year), and by the abolition of the thirty-first year of Qing Guangxu (1905), the imperial examination system existed for 1300 years in Chinese history.

Before the Sui Dynasty, the Han Dynasty created the inspection system. The subjects of inspection are mainly the "Xianliang Fangzheng" section and the "Filial Piety" section, and this system also continued until the Qing Dynasty. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, There was only 1 person in the Tang Dynasty where Wuyi was recommended, namely Xu Wei, the Duke of Cangbu, 2 in the Song Dynasty, and 27 in the Ming Dynasty. A large number of talents appeared in the imperial examination system, from the perspective of jinshi: 5 people in the Northern Song Dynasty of Wuyi; 44 people in the Southern Song Dynasty; 1 person in the Yuan Dynasty; 6 people in the Ming Dynasty; and 2 people in the Qing Dynasty. From the perspective of people: no examination in the Song and Yuan Dynasties; 22 in the Ming Dynasty; 37 in the Qing Dynasty. The Gongsheng Song and Yuan Dynasties had no examinations; 157 in the Ming Dynasty; 156 in the Qing Dynasty.

Judging from the above figures, there were more Jinshi in the Song Dynasty, but in the later dynasties, the Jinshi were obviously greatly reduced, while the Ming and Qing dynasties raised more people and Gongsheng, why is this?

Judging from the number of jinshi, the Southern Song Dynasty had the most, and most of them were produced by Lü Zuqian after giving a lecture at MingZhao mountain. Analyzing the reasons, this is related to the Song Dynasty's government of emphasizing literature and light force, but the role played by the education of a master like Lü Zuqian cannot be ignored. There was only 1 person in the Yuan Dynasty, except for the Yuan Dynasty, most of whom were produced by recommendation, and the Yuan Dynasty divided people into four classes, the first class was Mongols; the second class was Semu people (Uyghurs and other ethnic groups); the third class was the Han people north of the Yangtze River; and the fourth class was the lowest, which was the Han people south of the Yangtze River, called the Southern People. At the same time, the Yuan Dynasty began to divide the left and right two branches from the second year of Yanyou (1099), divided into two lists on the left and right, the Mongols and Semu people were right (the right was on the top in the Yuan Dynasty), and the Han and Nan people were on the left, so it was more difficult for the Wuyi people who were southerners at that time to be recommended for the soldiers. The Ming Dynasty examination was divided into 4 levels: children's examination, township examination, meeting examination, temple examination, and the same as the Qing Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was still more important to take the scholar by literature, but why was there so little to be admitted to the jinshi? I have not been able to understand this historical phenomenon. I have always believed that the Ming and Qing dynasties lacked a master like Lu Zuqian. From the Case of Confucianism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it can also be seen that Wuyi did not have a major leader in culture at that time. In the entire 270 years of the Qing Dynasty, only 2 jinshi were produced during the Kangxi and Daoguang years. Isn't that worth exploring the historical reasons?

However, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were many martial artists and tributes. Analysis of the reasons, at that time the cultivation and reading culture has been relatively developed, many wealthy families have attached importance to the reading of their children and grandchildren, like the emergence of a number of famous farming and reading families in xiawangzhai village, there have also been literati associations in society, the phenomenon of mutual discussion and poetry, some reading families have also built reading houses for their children and grandchildren, there are two reading houses on Wuyi Street, and there are also reading houses with children's surnames in Tonglu Village.

Judging from the examination, there are at least two reasons for the number of scholars in a place, one is the government of the imperial court at that time, and the other is whether there is the guidance of cultural leaders, and both are indispensable. Of course, this is just my personal bad opinion, and its deep factors will be investigated and studied in depth.

2018.12.26.Night

About author:Gu Liang, formerly known as Wu Haoliang. Contemporary poet and scholar of local literature and history.

Founded on November 26, 2014, since its opening, it has always adhered to the principle of righteousness, the quality of tweets as the cornerstone, and the pursuit of communication efficiency, and simultaneously released wonderful information such as poems, texts, books, paintings, comments, and recitations at home and abroad to Tencent [International Poetry and Painting], NetEase [Classic Poetry calligraphy and painting], 360 personal libraries [Zuolong Right Tiger Art Museum] and other platforms.

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