Su Liu Wen Shuzhai (Zhang Qiao)
Do not hide the window moon, natural style high.? Cool breeze moves crickets, leaves fall in the stupor.? Back to pick up the embers of the lamp, the hanging picture to see the sea waves.? Because of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are several heroes in the air.
The Shu Han Dynasty had four permanent Zhenshu Governors, which can be understood as four war zones, namely the Governor of Shu, the Governor of Jiangzhou, the Governor of Yong'an, and the Governor of Hanzhong. Among them, Hanzhong was the forward base for Shu Han to attack Cao Wei for a long time, and it has always been the target of Cao Wei's attack on Shu Han, so this place is particularly important to Shu Han. Compared with the suppression of the Southern Central Region's Governor of Yu, the Yong'an Governor who was good with the Eastern Angkor, and the Governor of Jiangzhou who played soy sauce in the hinterland of the Shu Han Dynasty, the importance of the Governor of Hanzhong was undoubtedly the most important, and the attention of people was higher, compared to the Governor of other defensive regions, the Governor of Hanzhong was a bit of an "all-star" taste. The following small editor will talk about the successive Governors of Hanzhong in the Shu Han Dynasty.
The establishment of the Governor of Hanzhong
This place in Hanzhong was crucial to the Yizhou regime. With a plain like Hanzhong, you can gather a large number of troops on the front line and facilitate the battle; with a large number of troops in Hanzhong and Hanzhong, you can also block several intersections from Guanzhong to Hanzhong, and you can treat Cao Wei's army as if it were eating soil in the Qinling Mountains. Whether it is offensive or defensive, this place in Hanzhong has a very high value. Shu Han's successive ministers (the nominal chancellor was only Zhuge Liang, and the military and political affairs of the great generals like Jiang Huan and Fei Yi were also grasped by the military and government, let alone called it) also often went to Hanzhong to prepare for war against Cao Wei or strengthen the defense of Hanzhong. It can be seen that the importance of Hanzhong is very necessary for Shu Han to set up a Governor of Hanzhong. Some scholars believe that the Governor of Hanzhong was the first to set up a relatively complete Governor, and then set up the Governor of Yu, the Governor of Jiangzhou, and the Governor of Yong'an. However, the setting time of these governors is really very vague, so this point Xiaobian feels that there is still room for further discussion.
The first governor of Hanzhong in shu Han was the famous Wei Yan. At that time, Liu Bei wanted to return to Chengdu, and he needed a capable person to guard Hanzhong and resist Cao Cao's possible attack, and everyone thought it would be Zhang Fei, even Zhang Fei himself thought so. However, Liu Bei promoted Wei Yan to be the governor of Hanzhong. Wei Yan also made a bold remark: "If Cao Cao comes from all over the world, please refuse for the king; if you will have a crowd of 100,000 people, please swallow it for the king." However, when Wei Yan was the governor of Hanzhong, Cao Wei did not conduct a large-scale war against Shu Han, so it did not reflect Wei Yan's military ability. However, Wei Yan continued and implemented the method of defending Hanzhong by establishing heavy sieges and guancheng, and also established a certain foundation for those who came after.
The Governor of Hanzhong after Wei Yan
In the early years of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang moved his capital to Hanzhong in order to facilitate the cause of the Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang undoubtedly greatly strengthened the defense of Hanzhong in Hanzhong, and the original Hanzhong Taishou and Hanzhong Governor Wei Yan were also absorbed into the Xiangfu Province, and the new Hanzhong Taishou was Lü Qi. However, Lü Qi was not responsible for the military of Hanzhong, but only "supervised the peasants" and was responsible for logistics; in the eighth year of Jianxing (that is, in 230 AD), Cao Zhen launched an attack on Shu Han, and Cao Wei's army came from Guanzhong, from Jingzhou, and from Liangzhou, which was a relatively big threat to Shu Han. To this end, Zhuge Liang deliberately transferred Li Yan, the governor of Jiangzhou at that time, to Hanzhong and strengthened the defense of Hanzhong. Therefore, at this time, the role of the Governor of Hanzhong was not so great, and it seemed that it was not set.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, And Biography of Wei Yan": "For five years, Zhuge Liang was stationed in Hanzhong, and he made Yan the governor of the front department, leading sima and Liangzhou. ”
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, Lü Qi's Biography": "Migrating to Hanzhong Taishou, concurrently leading the peasants, providing food for the successor army." ”
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, Li Yan's Biography": "With Cao Zhen's desire to go to Hanchuan in three ways, Liang ordered Yan to send 20,000 people to Hanzhong." ”
Wu Yi
In the twelfth year of Jianxing (i.e., 234 AD), Zhuge Liang died, and the situation in Shu Han became dangerous, and the importance of the governor of Hanzhong was also highlighted. Wu Yi became the Governor of Hanzhong. Wu Yi originally married Liu Yan and married his sister to Liu Yan's son Liu Mao. Later, Liu Bei came to Yizhou, and Wu Yi surrendered to Liu Bei without restraint, and Liu Bei also married Wu Yi's sister without restraint, strengthening the ties between the two sides. In the eighth year of Jianxing, Wu Yi and Wei Yan defeated Guo Huai together, and it is not known whether they were one of Cao Zhen's many armies of Shu. In short, Wu Yi has qualifications, status, and ability, and is indeed a suitable candidate to be the governor of Hanzhong. However, in the fifteenth year of Jianxing (that is, in 237 AD), Wu Yi died. Because of the lack of historical data, there is no biography in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, Yang Xi Biography": "In the twelfth year, Xiang Liang died and served as the governor of Hanzhong. ”
Wang ping
In the fifteenth year of Jianxing, Wu Yi died as the governor of Hanzhong, and his deputy Wang Ping temporarily became the governor of Hanzhong. In the first year of Yanxi (i.e. 238 AD), Zhuge Liang's successor Jiang Huan came to Hanzhong and opened the government to govern. At this time, the importance of the Governor of Hanzhong was not so great. Wang Ping entered the Great General's Mansion.
Jiang Huan thought that Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition to qinling was too arduous, and the logistics were often unable to keep up, and he planned to attack Weixing County and Shangyong County, that is, the previous "Three Eastern Counties" to the east, and then attack Xiangyang, so that he could go north to attack Wan and Luo as in "Longzhong Pair". However, this plan was too radical and was opposed by the ministers. Jiang Huan had no choice but to compromise, and Hanzhong did not stay any longer and returned to Fu County. The importance of the Governor of Hanzhong was highlighted again, and Wang Ping was still the one who served. It is equivalent to saying that Wang Ping has been the governor of Hanzhong twice, the first time should be an expedient arrangement, and the second time is more stable. The second time was in the sixth year of Yanxi (i.e. 243 AD).
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biography of Wang Ping": "Dai Yi Dou HanZhong. In the first year of Yanxi, the great general Jiang Huan stayed in Qiuyang... For six years, Huan still lived in Fu... (Wang Ping) Tong Hanzhong. ”
When Wang Ping was the governor of Hanzhong, a relatively large-scale battle occurred in Hanzhong, that is, the "Battle of Xingshi". At that time, the emperor of Cao Wei was the young emperor Cao Fang, and Cao Shuang and Sima Yi, two auxiliary ministers, competed for power. Cao Shuang wanted to enhance his prestige through a battle, so he came to fight Hanzhong. At that time, Hanzhong only had 30,000 troops, and Wang Ping relied on the defense system established by Liu Bei, Wei Yan, Zhuge Liang and others to block at least 60,000 or 70,000 Cao Wei troops, which won time for the reinforcements in Fuxian and Chengdu (in fact, Cao Shuang could not hold on without reinforcements, and the logistical problems were too serious). This can also be regarded as Wang Ping's battle for fame.
Hu Ji
In the eleventh year of Yanxi (i.e., 248 AD), Wang Ping died, and Hu Ji replaced Wang Ping as the governor of Hanzhong. Hu Ji also has no personal biography, he is also an old seniority, originally Zhuge Liang's main book, appreciated by Zhuge Liang. Therefore, his succession to Wang Ping was not too sudden.
Hu Ji did not show much performance when he was in Hanzhong, but instead pit Jiang Wei, that is, the "Battle of Duangu" in the nineteenth year of Yanxi (that is, 256 AD). Jiang Wei and Hu Ji said that they would go to Shangyi together, but Hu Ji let go of the pigeons, on the other hand, the performance of the opponent Deng Ai was really outstanding, and Jiang Wei was beaten to the ground to find teeth. Since the "Battle of Duangu", Jiang Wei's prestige has been greatly reduced, and he does not dare to carry out the Northern Expedition easily. Later, Jiang Wei changed the defense system of Hanzhong, reduced the strength of the various encirclements in Hanzhong, and placed Hu Ji, the governor of Hanzhong, in Hanshou, that is, Ye Meng, not knowing whether it was a disposition of Hu Ji's failure to agree.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, Biography of Jiang Wei": "At the meeting with the Zhenxi general Hu Ji, Ji lost his oath, so Wei was broken in Duangu by the Wei general Deng Ai... Therefore, Hu Ji, the governor of Hanzhong, lived in Hanshou. ”
brief summary
This place in Hanzhong was of great importance, and Zhuge Liang, Jiang Huan, Fei Yi and others often sat in Hanzhong. The selection of the governor of Hanzhong is also very important, Wei Yan, Wu Yi, and Wang Ping can be called famous generals of shu and Han, and they have won the "Battle of Yangxi" and the "Battle of Xingshi" respectively, and have the ability to stand alone. Therefore, compared with the governors of other defensive regions of the Shu Han Dynasty, the successive governors of Hanzhong are still relatively famous, and in comparison, they have also borne greater pressure on national defense, and Xiaobian believes that its importance should be second to none.
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chronicle of the State of Huayang