Qin Shi Huang was the first person to unify China, which is the greatest achievement and merit of Qin Shi Huang, and it is also a merit that no one can erase, but at the same time he is also a tyrant, so China's evaluation of Qin Shi Huang for thousands of years is also mixed.
In the "Records of Qin Zheng", Zhang Taiyan wrote that "although the Fourth and Third Emperors, the Sixth And Fifth Emperors, were not enough than Bilongye", it can be seen that he highly admired Qin Shi Huang, but some people also think that Qin Shi Huang is too cruel, Jia Yi said in the "Theory of Passing Qin" that Qin Shi Huang "began with tyranny as the beginning of the world".
So how did Chairman Mao, who loved to study history, view Qin Shi Huang?
Chairman Mao mentioned Qin Shi Huang many times in his conversation, and in general, it is definitely the mainstay, Chairman Mao believes that Qin Shi Huang swept the liuhe to unify the world, and he let the car on the same track, the book the same text, and the unified weights and measures allow China to develop rapidly, Li Bai has a poem describing Qin Shi Huang Chairman Mao likes, that is, the beginning of "Ancient Wind Qin Wang Sweep Liuhe", "Qin Wang Sweep Liuhe, Tiger Look at He Xiongya!" Swinging his sword to break the clouds, the princes came to the west. ”
Chairman Mao affirmed Qin Shi Huang more than once, and in June 1964, when foreign guests visited China, he mentioned Qin Shi Huang in his conversation, saying: "Qin Shi Huang is much greater than Confucius, Confucius is an empty man, Qin Shi Huang was the first figure to unify China, not only politically unified China, but also unified China's writing, China's various systems, some systems have been used since then, China's past feudal monarchs have not surpassed him." ”
It can be seen how much Chairman Mao admired Qin Shi Huang, indeed, Qin Shi Huang's life experience is very inspiring, he inherited the throne at the age of 13, ruled at the age of 22, reused Li Si, and made the Qin State rich and strong.
Subsequently, the military operation to unify the six kingdoms began, gradually eliminating the Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan, Qi and other states, and completing the great cause of unification, after which the system and framework formulated by the Qin Dynasty basically continued into the Qing Dynasty, and the word emperor disappeared from Chinese politics until after the abdication of Xuantong.
No one can erase the merits of Qin Shi Huang, so how does Chairman Mao view his "passing"?
In 1958, at an enlarged meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee, Chairman Mao commented on Qin Shi Huang's book burning as a confucian mistake, saying: "Not every communist says that Qin Shi Huang has some advantages, and not everyone estimates it so appropriately. This person probably has many shortcomings, has three fingers, and the main one of them scolds him is to burn books and pit Confucianism..."
"I have told many people, and I have also said to Zhang Shizhao, I said: You talk about the Communist Party equals Qin Shi Huang, no, the Communist Party is more than a hundred times ... Therefore, an ancient person, who cannot be evaluated for thousands of years, talks about this issue as a lesson, and comrades can think about it. ”
Someone asked Chairman Mao Qin Shi Huang about burning books and pit Confucianism so he was not a Ming Jun, and Chairman Mao retorted: "Qin Shi Huang only pit four hundred and sixty Confucians, we pit forty-six thousand Confucians, we are rebellious, have we not killed some counter-revolutionary intellectuals?" Some people call us Qin Shi Huang, no, we are a hundred times more than Qin Shi Huang, we are Qin Shi Huang, we are dictators, we have always admitted that they are not enough, often we have to add to it. ”
Why did Chairman Mao think that Qin Shi Huang's pit of Confucianism was not a big deal? Because Chairman Mao was a revolutionary, he believed that Qin Shi Huang was also in the transition of the old and new eras at that time, and if Qin Shi Huang wanted to innovate, he must eliminate some pedantic voices.
In order to eliminate the forces of the remnants of the old aristocracy and to eliminate the old culture, it is very normal to have a struggle, just as China at that time wanted to carry out revolution, how could it be revolutionized without bloodshed and sacrifice? Therefore, Chairman Mao thought that Qin Shi Huang was wrong in pitting Confucianism, but it was not enough to subvert his merits
However, Chairman Mao affirmed the merits of Qin Shi Huang and even more affirmed Chen Sheng's uprising against Wu Guang, believing that this uprising against the violent Qin was completely just.
The above views may make many people think that Chairman Mao is fully affirmative of Qin Shi Huang, but in fact, this is not the case, Chairman Mao also looks at Qin Shi Huang very objectively, he said in his later years: "Qin Shi Huang as a historical figure, the comments should be divided into two, and the progressive role of Qin Shi Huang in the process of historical development should be affirmed." ”
But it was wrong for Qin Shi Huang to brutally oppress the people later, so Chairman Mao believed that Chen Sheng's rise against Wu Guang was a completely just war.
Therefore, Chairman Mao did not completely affirm or deny Qin Shi Huang, and he evaluated Qin Shi Huang or other historical figures with a very important criterion, that is, whether what this person did was conducive to social development, whether it was conducive to production, and whether it was conducive to the people.
The aspect that is beneficial to the masses deserves to be affirmed, and the side that is unfavorable to the people must be negated; it can be seen from this that Chairman Mao judged historical figures entirely from the perspective of the people, and this is also his principle.
Therefore, it can be known that Qin Shi Huang's unification of China and the unification of weights and measures are beneficial to the people and deserve to be affirmed, and the indiscriminate killing of innocents and the suppression of the people will naturally be criticized.
Chairman Mao's method of evaluating a historical figure from the perspective of reality and from the perspective of the people is worthy of our study; he does not judge history from the perspective of history, but from the perspective of reality, and even more from an objective point of view, it is fairer and more clever than many historians' evaluation of a historical figure black and white.
In fact, Chairman Mao's wisdom is not only reflected in the evaluation of people, but his military thinking, open-minded and optimistic attitude, and spirit of not being afraid of hardship are even more admirable.
Friends who think the article is good, may wish to click a free follow, your support is my greatest motivation!