The main reason why I wrote an article on such a topic was because I was shocked by a historical material.
This is what I saw when I was collecting information on Yang Zao, a famous journalist in the Republic of China, and the content was the result of China's first poll. In the process of checking the data, I found that there were major errors in the citation of this historical material in many places.
This poll, originally conducted by Dagang Bao in 1942 in the Republic of China, became the "Ta Kung Pao" in "The Historical Trajectory of the Development of Chinese Public Opinion Surveys" written by Tang Jianjun and others.
At that time, 11,230 readers' questionnaires were withdrawn, and in an article published by Chen Chongshan in the Journalism and Communication Research Network sponsored by the Institute of Journalism and Communication of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, it became "more than 1230 letters" in the article "The Development Process of Chinese mainland Media Audience Research".
Therefore, I feel that it is necessary to sort out this matter first, and hope that in the future, at this historical point, there will be no mistakes.
There are two main points involved in this matter. One was the newspaper "Dagang Bao", which published the poll, and the other was Yang Zao, the host of the poll at that time.
Dagang Bao was founded in November 1937 in Zhengzhou, Henan. Later, due to the war and various reasons, it moved to Xinyang. Later, due to the Wuhan crisis, he moved to Hengyang.
This official newspaper, which was once funded and jointly organized by the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee and the Henan Provincial Government, was moved to Hengyang, Hunan Province, because of the fatigue of the war.
Of course, since it has arrived in Hunan, the provincial government of Henan will naturally not take care of it. The provincial government in Hunan may not know such a thing. Because of this, an official newspaper that was originally "worry-free about food and clothing" has become a private newspaper that "seeks its own way out". It was precisely for this reason that the newspaper's remarks began to be closer to the people and more daring to speak, and soon found a market in Hunan.
Although the sales channels have opened up a little, but there is no newspaper master to host, the quality of the newspaper can not go, the newspaper is still difficult to go far. At this time, the owner of "Da Gang Bao" hired Yang Zao, a famous newspaperman who had returned from Hong Kong to the mainland at that time. Under the auspices of the date, the circulation of the newspaper soon approached 20,000. It is already a miracle that a local newspaper can have a circulation of nearly 20,000 in the Republic of China.
Next, let's take a look at this date.
Yang Juju, formerly known as Yang Chao, is a famous newspaperman in the Republic of China who is rarely heard of even if he is a journalism student. If you are interested in the history of journalism, you may know more about his sister Yang Gang, one of the three musketeers in the Republic of China press. Jin Zhonghua said that the military commentary article of Yang Juju is comparable to that of Max Wilson and Major Iliot of the United States, Major General Fowler and Captain Liteha of the United Kingdom, and should be listed together with the world's most outstanding military commentators during World War II.
Born into a feudal family, he attended Tsinghua School as a young man and was expelled from the school for participating in the May Fourth Movement. After that, he changed his name to Yang Jiuhuan and studied at Tangshan Industrial College, later moved to Jiaotong University, graduating in 1923. When he joined the Left League, he and Fan Changjiang worked together to establish the China Young Journalists Association, and later worked as a reporter and editorial board member of Hong Kong's Sing Tao Daily, which became a well-known task.
When the Pacific War broke out and Hong Kong was occupied by the Japanese, he was forced to return home. Hired by Mao Jianwu, the owner of Dagang Bao, he served as the editor-in-chief of Dagang Bao.
After the date arrived at Dagang Bao, the content and layout of the newspaper soon changed. The internal work of the newspaper is also very energetic. Yu You, a famous journalist who was still a hairy boy at the time, proposed to hold a poll, and after listening to it, yang juju made a decision to execute it. It was in this case that there was this poll.
At that time, the circulation of Dagang Bao was about 178,000, close to 20,000. After the newspaper, which published 10 test questions, was spread to the provinces of Hunan Province, Guizhou, Guangdong, and Gansu Province, everyone in the newspaper was waiting for a reply. To everyone's surprise, it was incredible that more than 10,000 readers had been received.
In the U.S. Strategic Intelligence Agency/State Department Intelligence and Research Report (III. China and India (1941-1949), a report by the U.S. Strategic Intelligence Agency's (0SS) Research and Analysis Division is titled China's First Poll.
1. Do you think China's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression can we win the final victory?
Yes: 11206 Cannot: 56
2. Should the United Nations go all out to solve Germany, or should they first go all out to solve Japan?
Germany: 3443 Japan: 7819
3. Do you think that there should be a Supreme Commander in charge of all the countries?
Should be 10181 no: 786 do not know: 294
4 Regarding the Anglo-Indian dispute, do you sympathize with Britain or with India?
English: 575? India: 10656 neutral 31
5. Once we have won the final victory, should we live on an equal footing with Japan?
Should: 6534 No: 4687 Unclear: 41 ming
6. Do you think it is necessary to convene a National Convention before the victory of the War of Resistance?
There are 6479 none: 4734 unclear: 49
7. Before the United Nations strikes Japan with all its might, should we counterattack first?
To: 5724 Do not 5424 unclear: 114
8. Do you think civil servants and students should serve in the standing military in the future?
Should: 9031 No: 2147 Unclear: 84
9. For those who profit from the war, the part of the profit, do you advocate an increase in taxation, or do you levy it all?
Taxation: 6174 Levy: 4962 Unknown: 126
10. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, should China practice one-party politics or multi-party politics?
One Party: 9712 Multi-Party: 1464 Unknown: 86
(According to the author's calculations, except for the total number of votes in the third question, which is 11261, the others are 11262.) This also overturns the II230 claim in various versions. Of course, the gap between the two is not big, but after all, the more accurate the better. ）
The prelude says so much, in fact, the core content, but not a lot.
Of these ten answers, the result that surprised me the most was the fifth: Once we win the final victory, should we live on an equal footing with Japan? The number of respondents to "respond" to 60% of the total is really unimaginable.
It was in 1942, just after the Nanjing Massacre, and the Japanese army was still showing its barbarism on the land of China. Vast lands were occupied, and countless Chinese were killed. Rape and plunder were completely commonplace for the Japanese army at that time. Try to think, can there be a more cruel means of building hatred than this?
When I saw this number, I couldn't help but feel proud of my nation. Chinese, who are deeply involved in war, will not lose their minds because of hatred. In the rumble of the cannon, you can also rationally look at the future and see the world, how rare it is. Looking at the development process of Chinese culture, one of the biggest characteristics is tolerance. Whether it is a strong man or a prosperous Tang Dynasty, Chinese culture is always perfect and developing through continuous absorption. With the establishment of the Chinese ideological system of the confluence of Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and Taoism, tolerance and benevolence have gradually become the theme of Chinese culture. "He" slowly developed into a spirit of Chinese culture.
It may be for this reason that such a situation can occur in the context of the anti-Japanese resistance. And this kind of cultural system, showing the big belly and the heart, people can't believe it.
When I read this information, I can't help but think of the fact that the Japanese right-wing is now vainly trying to revive militarism and openly summoning the souls of war criminals.
In front of Japan, China is like a parent who can forgive a child for anything, and Japan is a child who is stubborn until death. This questionnaire result that occurred in the Republic of China and is in the anti-Japanese period, I don't know if the Japanese will feel blush after reading it?
I firmly believe that there will be Japanese people who will feel sorry for this. What kind of famous people were they who used to crush tanks, bomb with bombs, and poison gas bombs?
On weekdays, we and the people around us will have a lot of small belly chicken intestines, but if one day, encounter such a thing, encounter the same questionnaire, the answer to "yes" is very likely to be you, and those around you Zhang Lao Li. Because we are Chinese, we have such a Chinese mind.