The ancient city of Sanxingdui more than 3,000 years ago
When will it be built? And why did it die?
The relics of human life are so rich
But why can't human skeletons be found?
What kind of civilization did the ancient Shu kingdom breed?
Chinese Archaeological Congress
Take you to the southwest region of China
The widest distribution has been found to date
The richest cultural connotation
One of the ancient cultural sites
Sanxingdui ruins
Travel through the dust and smoke of history and travel back in time to ancient times
Explore the homeland of the ancient Shu ancestors
Above the Guanghan Plain
Three undulating loess mounds connected
and crescent-shaped Moon Bay Terrace
Forming a landscape of "three stars with the moon"
Hence the local name "Sanxingdui"
Spring 1929
Farmer Yan Daocheng and his son during spring ploughing
Stumbled upon a pit of jade tools
Yan Daocheng dug up the treasure
Get to the antique market in Chengdu
It caught the attention of some people
That's all
At that time, he was the director of the museum of West China Union University
American Gwyhan
1934 Gvihan
Together with the Chinese scholar Lin Mingjun
An archaeological team was organized
The prelude to the archaeological excavation of Sanxingdui was kicked off
The excavation lasted 10 days
Stone bi, stone axe, turquoise and pottery were unearthed
and more than 600 cultural relics
Caused a huge stir
With the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan
The fledgling exploration of ancient Shu culture was interrupted
After the founding of the People's Republic of China
Excavations at Sanxingdui are back on track
In 1963
By Feng Hanji, director of the Sichuan Museum
Served as the leader of the archaeological team
Archaeological excavations were carried out on Guanghan Moon Bay
Discover the basic features of the Sanxingdui ruins and culture
Feng Hanji was keenly aware
It's probably buried here
A central capital of the ancient Shu kingdom
Ancient Shu Kingdom
A name that has been dusty for many years
Appeared before the world again
Mid-summer 1986
Archaeologists have found it one after another
Sanxingdui No. 1 and No. 2 Sacrifice Pits
Bronze sacred trees, golden staffs, bronze statues, etc
More than 1,700 precious cultural relics have been seen in full swing
Ancient Shu culture in southwest China
It has become the focus of attention of the archaeological community at home and abroad
In 2019
After investigation and exploration
Near the Sacrificial Pits No. 1 and No. 2
Six more sacrificial pits were discovered
October 2020
The Sanxingdui sacrifice pit was excavated again
Gold masks and bronze masks were unearthed
and more than 2,000 important cultural relics
These exquisitely unearthed artifacts
Not only showed
The unique charm of ancient Shu culture
It also studies the origin of the "pluralism and unity" of Chinese civilization
with early development
Typical empirical evidence is provided
Ancient and mysterious Sanxingdui ruins
There are countless mysteries hidden
Waiting for us to answer
For example, it was excavated in 1986
Sanxingdui ruins No. 2 sacrifice pit
- Bronze statue
This honors the 180 kg bronze statue of the Great Standing
He wears a flower crown and a long robe
Stand barefoot and bulge out with big eyes
The details of the ornamentation on the body are very exquisite
It wears three layers of narrow sleeves and half arms
The ornamentation on the clothes is intricate and exquisite
Dragon pattern, bird pattern, insect pattern, checkered pattern
Let people sincerely admire the exquisite craftsmanship of the ancient Shu ancestors
At the feet of the Great Liren and between the bases
Four splendid bronze dragons
Prop up the giant with the dragon's horn
Both imaginative and imposing
The crown of the bronze statue is particularly eye-catching
This "barrel-shaped high crown" is divided into two layers
The lower layer is surrounded by two parallel circles
Elegant and beautiful
The upper layer of the crown resembles a strange shape of "eyes"
It's a matter of imagination
Worshipping the sun was the belief of the ancient Shu people
The sun god is often drawn in the shape of an eye
"Eyes" painted on the crown of the head
It is likely to represent the sun god in the hearts of the ancient Shu people
Bronze Da LiRen's exaggerated hand movements
It's more like a "puzzle" that the ancients set up for us.
What exactly is it holding?
Since excavation
People have been speculating
But there was no answer
For the study of "pluralism and unity"
The origin of Chinese civilization
Explore further
The ancient Shu state sacrificial behavior and sacrifice system
October 2019
Approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage
and organize coordination
Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Thirty-three units within the United Nations
The Sanxingdui Sacrifice Pit was carried out again
Archaeological exploration and excavation work
This archaeological excavation
In the six newly discovered sacrificial pits
More and more artifacts have been unearthed
It also shows the mystery and strangeness of Sanxingdui
March 2021
Archaeologists are in sacrificial pit No. 4
A complete extract unearthed one up to 1.2 meters long
Giant ivory weighing more than 100 pounds
In this round of excavations
Only the third and fourth sacrificial pits
More than one hundred and seventy tusks were unearthed
So many ivory
It has left a huge mystery for the world
What exactly is it for?
How did the ancient Shu ancestors get it?
What about such a large number of ivory?
meanwhile
On an ivory fragment excavated from Sacrificial Pit No. 5
Archaeologists found it again
Exquisite patterns that are extremely difficult to carve
These ivory carvings
In addition to the common cloud thunder pattern, ripple pattern
There are also many first-time discoveries of ornamentation
The artifacts unearthed at Sanxingdui are fascinating
But one of the biggest highlights of the excavations
But it came from a seemingly insignificant thing
- Excavation of textile remains
September 2021
Archaeologists at the bottom of a wooden box in Sacrificial Pit No. 6
For the first time, an open-edged jade knife was unearthed
Not only that
Archaeologists are also in sacrificial pit No. 4
Twine was found
and textiles with a pronounced warp and weft structure
This is the first time people have ever been
Silk remnants were found at the Sanxingdui site
The discovery of these silk residues
To study the long history of silk development in the ancient Shu kingdom
Strong physical evidence was provided
Excavation of various types of cultural relics
Further enriched
The cultural connotations of the Sanxingdui site
They are on the study of the Sanxingdui site
Settlement structure, social form, etc
Significant
These mysterious and exquisite artifacts
The uniqueness and creativity of the ancient Shu civilization
It also reflects more than 3,000 years ago
The Sichuan region is closely linked to the civilization of the Central Plains
It highlights the ancient Shu civilization
Its important position as an integral part of Chinese civilization
Speaking of "Sanxingdui"
It is impossible not to mention the "Sacred Tree"
so far
A total of six bronze sacred trees have been excavated at the Sanxingdui site
The most complete of them is
"Sacred Tree No. 1" excavated in 1986 at the No. 2 Sacrifice Pit
This sacred tree is 3.96 meters high
It is the largest single surviving single bronze relic in China
About the origin of the "No. 1 Sacred Tree"
People's various speculations vary
But in the relevant literature
Can find some clues
Ancient books of the Pre-Qin Dynasty
The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Overseas Eastern Classics once recorded:
There is Yutani below Yugu and there is Fuso on the top
Ten days of bathing in black tooth north
There are large trees in the water
Nine days in the lower branch One day in the upper branch
Handed down during the Western Han Dynasty
In "Huainan Zi Gong Zhi Xun"
There is also something similar:
"Wakaki is in Jianmuxi
Ten days at the end of the day, its glory will fall to the earth."
Legend has it from ancient times
There is a huge sun tree in the east and west
Names "Fuso" and "Wakaki"
It was the divine bird riding the sun rising
and habitats
Every morning
The divine bird rides the sun
Rise from the Fuso tree
At night, rest on the Wakaki tree
There are ten days in the sky
A sun rises every day
The remaining nine Sun God Birds
Just perch on the trees
Scenes described in ancient texts
With Sanxingdui "No. 1 Divine Tree"
Three layers of nine branches are separated into the appearance of nine birds
Run in the same groove
The bronze sacred tree reflects
The ancient Shu ancestors worshipped the sun
It is a figurative portrayal of the interconnection of gods among the ancient Shu people
"Sacred Tree No. 1" was first discovered
It is 2479 fragments
The trunk breaks into 3 sections inside the pit
The branches were broken into 18 sections
The tree seat is broken into 4 large pieces
Hanging rack of the fruit of the sacred bird on the tree
It is also scattered inside the pit
For such a piece the shape is huge
Bronze artifacts with complex structures
The amount of restoration work is enormous
The technical difficulty of repairing it is very high
Ordinary people can't imagine
Expert in Chinese archaeology and cultural relics restoration
Combining traditional restoration techniques with modern craftsmanship
After 10 years of unremitting efforts
Only to make this bronze sacred tree look new
Recreate the brilliance of more than 3,000 years ago
Except for the Bronze Sacred Tree
The Sanxingdui site also unearthed many gold artifacts
Among them, there is one thing that deserves special attention
It is the Samsung Pile Golden Wand
Samsung pile golden wand
It was excavated in 1986 at The No. 1 Sacrifice Pit
Because the rod was twisted when unearthed
Experts once thought it was the golden belt of the King of Shu
The figure on the golden staff wears a five-toothed crown
Looks highly weighted
Because the body of the staff is engraved with fish and birds and other patterns
Let people guess
The king of the ancient Shu kingdom, Yu Jiao, was the master of the golden staff
But there are also experts who believe
The figure on the golden staff may also be a Shu ancestral silkworm bush
Because the scepter feather arrow runs through the bird and the fish's head
The silkworm bush is expressed
The scene when Zen gives the throne to the fish
And the bird on the cane
Maybe it's the symbol of the Yu Clan
The Shu people first originated from the Shushan clan
Beginning with the title of king of the Silkworm Clan
It has been through silkworm bushes, cypresses, and fish
Du Yu, Enlightened Ming and other five clans ruled
Circa 3000 BC
The Yellow Emperor married a woman of the Shushan clan as a concubine
Silkworm bushes are born
Become the founding prince of the ancient Shu kingdom
During the Xia Shang Dynasty, Yu Wei became the king of ancient Shu
Led the Shu people to move from the Maowen Basin to the Guanghan Plain
The ancient Shu state was ruled by primitive clan communes
Enter a slave society
Until 316 BC
The State of Qin destroyed Shu
The history of the ancient Shu kingdom came to an end
A golden staff that is absolutely beautiful and exudes a mysterious atmosphere
It is the perfect footnote to the ancient Shu culture
Except for the Samsung Pile Golden Wand
Sanxingdui ruins
There is also a piece of gold that has attracted much attention
It was excavated from the current Sanxingdui site
The heaviest piece of gold mask
After the expert later unfolding and restoration
Although only half of the "face" remains
But the weight has reached about 280 grams
Imagined
The complete mask should weigh about 1 pound
This gold mask is in the process of being restored
There are also great challenges
Experts do not know its "true face of Lushan"
Only in the process of repair
Speculate on the complete form of the mask
According to the state of the gold mask rim inverted buckle
Experts speculate it should be
Attached
Such as bronze masks, bronze figures
and other materials, human images above
and not alone
Endless reverie
Gold masks have also been unearthed at the Jinsha site
As the archaeological excavation process continues to advance
Cultural relics unearthed at the two sites constantly "bump in the face"
The connection between Sanxingdui and Sands
It has also become another mystery left to us by our ancestors
now
Many people have been excavated from the Sanxingdui site
Many artifacts are very familiar
However, I don't know much about the concept of "Sanxingdui Ancient City"
In terms of distribution range
"Sanxingdui Ancient City" is the smallest concept
The biggest concept is the "Sanxingdui Ruins"
The bigger concept is the "Sanxingdui Ruins Group"
In 1988
The experts have already determined
The "heap" is the wall built by hand
The concept of "Sanxingdui Ancient City"
It has been roughly formed
Later, after continuous excavation and verification
Proof
It is a rammed earth wall built by hand
In terms of area size
The "Sanxingdui Ancient City" is equivalent to the size of five Forbidden Cities
Ruins of the ancient city of Sanxingdui in such a large size
Archaeologists have excavated many ash pits and wine vessels
Relics of human activities such as household utensils and food utensils
But no human skeleton has been found so far
Did the Sanxingdui site ever live with humans?
It is still to be excavated and verified by archaeologists
In the centenary journey of Chinese archaeology
Sanxingdui to some extent
It can be said that it is a microcosm of the development of Chinese archaeology
Excavations from the early 1930s
Excavations of sacrificial pits in the 1980s
Excavations of the city site around the end of the 1990s
The latest excavation of Sanxingdui
It represents the highest level of Chinese archaeology in the new era
Archaeological excavations at the Sanxingdui site continue
Energetic young people
Keep joining in
They joined
It has injected fresh blood into the archaeological work of the new era
It also shows that there are successors to China's archaeological cause
Archaeological excavations at the Sanxingdui site
Not only awakened the sleeping ancient Shu culture
It also confirms the pluralistic integration of Chinese civilization
Sanxingdui still has so many unsolved mysteries
In the future
For this civilization of more than 3,000 years ago
Generations of archaeologists
There are also many plans and expectations
It will also bring us more surprises and admiration
Source: CCTV4