Map of the situation in 1075 AD
01
During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of Song (1068-1077), the Vietnamese Lee Dynasty gradually reached its peak after more than 60 years of governance by three generations of emperors.
The wind stopped, the rain stopped, and the Vietnamese felt like they were doing it again.
I heard that the Northern Song Dynasty had money to pay back the rookie, did not say, beat him.
In November of the eighth year of Xi Ninh (1075), Li Gande, the fourth emperor of the Vietnamese Li Dynasty, ordered his lieutenant Li Changjie to lead an elite army to invade the Border of the Song Dynasty.
At that time, Song Shenzong was working hard to change the law, and Guangxi's defense was like the crotch of an old lady's pants, loose and collapsed.
Soon, Qinzhou and Lianzhou (present-day Lingshan and Hepu, Guangxi) fell one after another, and 50,000 people were killed.
In December, the Vietnamese army entered Yongzhou (邕州, in modern Nanning, Guangxi), and there were only 2,800 defenders in the city of Yongzhou, and the situation was precarious.
Zhizhou Su was not in danger, stubbornly resisted, and killed 15,000 enemies.
Just wait for the reinforcements to arrive, and then you can join forces inside and outside and beat him to death.
But Su Xuan persisted for a full 42 days, and the reinforcements did not see the shadow.
The various reinforcements were either defeated or lingered, and they could not be saved in the face of death.
After all, it was outnumbered, and in the first month of the following year, the city of Yongzhou was destroyed.
Su Xuan was indignant and shouted, "My righteousness does not die thief!" He ordered 36 members of the family to commit suicide, and then set themselves on fire and martyred themselves.
The Vietnamese invaded the city, burned and looted, and did no evil, 58,000 people in Yongzhou were killed, and the bodies were built into a Jingdong temple.
When the news came out, the Song Dynasty was shocked up and down.
The Khitan people and the party members bully us, even if the little toe people count which onion, actually dare to ride to the head to pull?
(Jiaotong is Vietnam, at that time Vietnam still nominally belonged to the Song Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty called Vietnam Jiaotong))
Song Shenzong was furious and immediately decided to send troops to find the field.
Who to send?
Xuanhui South Courtyard envoy Guo Kui.
02
Guo Kui was born as a shogun and served as an envoy to the capital of Yanzhou West Road.
It's a fierce general.
In the first year of Kangding (1040), the Battle of Sanchuankou between Song and Xia broke out, the Song army was defeated, and his brother Guo Zun was martyred.
In this year, Guo Kui was 18 years old, became a martyr's family, and was appointed to serve in the third class.
His immediate boss was Fan Zhongyun.
Guo Kui was more courageous and good at fighting than his brother, and his brain was much more clever.
Guo Kui used his troops in a cunning manner, had a strategic vision, and was extremely good at quickly seizing the fighter.
Fan Zhongyan liked this young man very much and taught him to read by hand.
At that time, Han Qi was preparing to attack Xia in five ways, directly taking the Western Xia capital Xingqing Province (present-day Lingwu, Ningxia), hoping to kill Western Xia once and for all.
Guo Kui, who is only 19 years old, believes that the transaction is not cost-effective and iron loss.
"The land is far away and there is no food to eat, the city is big and there are not many soldiers, and it has not seen its benefits."
The boy is OK, the head is the Tao, this book is not read in vain.
Fan Zhongyan directly denied Han Qi's plan.
Sure enough, the Battle of Haoshuichuan broke out, and the Song army was defeated miserably.
Everyone admired Guo Kui's foresight.
03
After the Battle of Haoshuichuan, Chen Zhizhong became the highest military commander of the Fourth Road in Shaanxi.
He discussed with his subordinates who was the first general in the army, and chose a famous general to serve.
The big guys unanimously said that Ge Huaimin, the deputy envoy (roughly equivalent to the commander of the military region) who was also soliciting, strategizing, and appeasing, was very bullish.
Guo Kui didn't think so, and laughed: This guy is not useful, sooner or later he will have a bad dish.
Zhizhong and Binzo discuss the current famous players and jointly promote Ge Huaimin. Kui Yue: "Huai Min Yi and Er, he will lose the affairs of the imperial court one day." ”
- The Biography of Song Shi Guo Kui
Chen Zhizhong was furious, everyone said good, on your contrarian, how many do you mean?
Sure enough, it was not what Guo Kui expected.
In the second year of the Qing calendar (1042), the Battle of DingchuanZhai, the Song Dynasty was once again defeated, and Ge Huaimin's entire army was destroyed.
Chen Zhizhong immediately found Guo Kui, how do you know that Ge Huaimin wants bad dishes?
Guo Kui said contemptuously: This guy has courage and strategy, and if he takes a little luck, he will be a prisoner.
Zhi Zhong, angry, stayed for a few days and asked, "Why did Jun know that Ge Huaimin was not a famous general and defeated evil?" "Happy and fortunate, brave and unscrupulous, but also captured." ”
Chen Zhizhong took it.
Guo Kui's name of zhibing spread throughout the army, and Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Pang Yuan, and others greatly valued him.
Unfortunately, Guo Kui was too young to go up the position.
04
In August of the fourth year of the Qing calendar (1044), the Yunyi army stationed in Baozhou (present-day Baoding) on the border of Song and Liao mutinied, killing officials, occupying the city pool, and gathering people to rebel.
The people of Hebei Road were panicked, and rumors were everywhere, saying that the rebels would lead the Liao soldiers south and the Great Song would be cool.
The Song court hastily asked Tian Quan and Ouyang Xiu to preside over the counterinsurgency work.
Who will be sent to recruit Security?
Yunyi Jun was Fan Zhongyan's old subordinate and Guo Kui's old comrade-in-arms.
Guo Kui took the initiative to ask for help, took the edict with him, and went into the city to recruit security.
As soon as Guo Kui entered the city, he first talked about friendship, then analyzed the pros and cons, and said two words to persuade the rebels to accept the recruitment.
In order to show his sincerity, Guo Kui took the initiative to stay in the city as a hostage.
In the end, in addition to 429 stubborn rebels who were killed, more than 2,000 rebels all surrendered and were sent to various states in Hebei for resettlement.
(At that time, Hebei Xuanfu made Fu Bi want to order the states to secretly execute more than 2,000 surrendered soldiers, but was dissuaded by Ouyang Xiu.)
With three inches of uncorrupted tongue, Guo Kui successfully countered the rebellion in one fell swoop.
Guo Kui was promoted to the post of Huanqing Terracotta Warriors and Horses Governor (leading 3,000 soldiers, equivalent to regimental commanders).
In the early years of Jiayou, Hubei Ximan Peng Shixi rebelled against the Song Dynasty, and Guo Kui was promoted to the post of Jinghu North Road Terracotta Warriors and Horses (a senior officer of the Song Dynasty, somewhat similar to the rank of major general now), leading the army to quell the rebellion.
Guo Kui broke through more than twenty dangerous passes in a row, so that Peng Shixi abandoned the city and fled, and the whole army surrendered.
Since then, Guo Kui has become famous and became the first general in the Great Song Army since Di Qing's death.
The limelight is no different.
But in the Great Song Dynasty, this is obviously not a good thing~
05
In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), the famous general Zhongchen Qiaoshi used a divisive plan to lure and accept the Western Xia general Songmingshan and captured Suizhou.
The Great Song Dynasty had a military stronghold, but the civilian officials actually suggested abandoning Suizhou.
Emperor Shenzong of Song even issued an edict to burn Suizhou.
Guo Kui insisted on opposing it, believing that Suizhou should be held firmly to resettle the 13,000 people who had surrendered to the Songmingshan clan.
He refused to carry out the edict of Emperor Shenzong of Song, and at his insistence, the Great Song took Suizhou.
Song Shenzong reacted to this and issued an edict praising Guo Kui.
This frightened Guo Kui, who hurriedly wrote a review: I was wrong, I should not resist the will.
With such a good attitude of admitting mistakes, Song Shenzong once again personally wrote an edict praising Guo Kui.
Of course, what should come will always come.
Soon, Han Dai's envoy Zhongchen plotted to seize Hengshan, and Guo Kui explicitly opposed it:
"Whoever uses it in the family will mislead a great thing."
Han Dai did not listen, kicked Guo Kui away, and degraded the official.
In the end, the Song Dynasty lost soldiers at Hengshan with little success.
Later, Wang Shao advocated the opening up of the Xi River, but Guo Kui again opposed it.
This time, Emperor Shenzong of Song was on fire and ordered Cai to rectify Guo Kui, and Guo Kui was degraded again.
Afterwards, it turned out that Song Shenzong's exploration of the Xihe River was a loss of money.
Anyway, Guo Kui was right every time, and every time he was degraded.
06
Until little Vietnam, in Guangxi, there was a world upheaval.
Song Shenzong, who had been slapped in the face, remembered to use Guo Kui to put out the fire.
In February of the ninth year of Xining (1076), Emperor Shenzong of Song ordered Guo Kui to be the commander of the Horse Infantry Army of Annam Province, an envoy, and an envoy of Guangnan Road in Jinghu, leading an army of 300,000 to attack Vietnam in the south, in order to repay the great shame and humiliation of Yongzhou.
In July, Guo Kui led an army from Tanzhou (潭州, in modern Changsha) and Guizhou (桂州, in present-day Guilin, Guangxi) to March into Yongzhou.
Along the way, he recaptured Yongzhou and Lianzhou, and captured Quang Yuan Prefecture (present-day Quang Yuan, Vietnam).
On December 11, Guo Kui engaged in a fierce battle with Vietnam at The Pass.
The Vietnamese once again sent out their secret weapon, the Elephant Legion.
The position is really scary.
Guo Kui was not in a hurry: to deal with this thing, the crossbow and the big knife were enough.
The Song Dynasty's bow and crossbow technology is famous, and the god arm bow and siege weapon bed crossbow for single soldier combat are enough for the Vietnamese to drink a pot.
Sure enough, after a crossbow was fired, the elephant was frightened and ran backwards.
Many Vietnamese soldiers died at the feet of their own elephants,
The Song army immediately took advantage of the victory to pursue, and the Vietnamese army collapsed.
Guo Kui led his army all the way to the shore of the Furang River.
The Vietnamese displayed more than 400 warships in the river, flaunting their might: they have the ability to come and fight me, stupid.
Because the Song army did not have a boat to cross the river.
But Guo Kui smiled and issued three military orders:
First, the soldiers began to cut down trees and make a large number of rafts;
Second, set up ambushes in the rear;
Third, a slow withdrawal was ordered.
The Vietnamese army was really deceived, thinking that Guo Kui was going to withdraw, and quickly went ashore to attack, and entered Guo Kui's ambush circle.
At the sound of a trumpet, the Song army immediately killed the general.
The Vietnamese were caught off guard: No, the plan was made, get on the boat.
It's late!
Guo Kui didn't have a warship, but he had a stone thrower.
With a loud noise, huge stones fell from the sky, densely packed, smashing the Vietnamese warships to pieces.
Finally, the Song army rushed into the river with a makeshift raft, destroyed the warship, and completely cut off the Vietnamese retreat.
A one-sided massacre begins...
Vietnamese Crown Prince Li Hongzhen was killed, dead bodies spread all over the mountains, and even the river was cut off for three days.
"Da waited for the advance, but there were few thieves, and the generals Zhang Shiju and Wang Xi fought together, and all the thieves were defeated, and the thieves were defeated, and the number of people who fell into the river was innumerable, and the water did not flow for three days."
—— "Continuation of the Zhizhi Tongjian Long Edition"
After the Battle of Furang River, the Song army was full of emotion: how cruel the Vietnamese were in Yongzhou, we must pay them all back!
However, the actual situation has not allowed it - there are more northerners in the Song army, and after going south, the water and soil are not satisfied, the plague outbreak in the army has reduced by more than half, and the supply of grain and grass is not enough, and the army is about to run out of grain. It no longer has the strength to continue fighting.
At this time, the Vietnamese emperor Li Gande very wisely proposed peace.
Guo Kui weighed the pros and cons, so he went down the slope of the donkey, "willing to live more than 100,000 lives with one body", and the class master returned to the dynasty.
Why do we say , " Willing to live more than 100,000 lives in one body " ?
Because he had expected...
It was Kui and the generals who discussed the commander of the army Jijiang, and the generals said: "The Ninth Army has eaten up." All the soldiers who are on the move are 100,000, and the husbands are more than 200,000, who brave the heat to wade into miasma, more than half of them die, and those who survive are sick. "I can't overthrow the thief's nest and capture Qiande to repay the imperial court, Tianye." Willing to live more than 100,000 lives in one body. "The master of the class, with the virtue of the voice, asked the people to listen to the will."
07
Sure enough, Guo Kui's class of teachers was happy to spoil the civil officials of the Great Song Dynasty.
Caught Guo Kui and sprayed wildly.
Who made you a class teacher?
Is there a will of the officials?
If you make peace without will, and withdraw from the army without authorization, you are so bold.
As a result, Guo Kui, who returned from victory, instead of being rewarded, was demoted to a general of the Left Guard and kicked to Luoyang for retirement.
Does Guo Kui dare to say more?
Say another half a word, and his head will have to move.
Guo Kui hid at home very sensibly, and Du Men lived idly, reading to nourish himself.
Since then, Guo Kui has been sitting on the cold bench for twelve years (with a position and no authority).
Until his death on December 14 (December 29), the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (1088).
PS:
The Vietnamese region, from the time Qin Shi Huang sent troops to conquer Lingnan, until the end of the Tang Dynasty, was a Chinese county.
In the first year of the Song Dynasty (968), Ding Buling proclaimed himself emperor and established the first unified regime in Vietnamese history, the State of Da Qu Yue.
At that time, Vietnam also paid tribute to the Southern Han Dynasty, one of the Ten Kingdoms.
In the fourth year of Kaibao (971), Song Taizu destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty, and Ding Buling paid tribute to the Song Dynasty.
In the eighth year of Kaibao (975), Song Taizu made Ding Bu the king of Jiaotong County, and the Northern Song Dynasty recognized the Vietnamese Ding Dynasty as a legitimate regime.
Song Taizu and Song Taizong have been looking for opportunities to free up their hands to completely take back Vietnam.
However, after Emperor Zhenzong of Song and Emperor Renzong of Song succeeded to the throne, Kuo sold his grandfather Tian without pain, regarded Vietnam as a useless place, and implemented a policy of appeasement towards Vietnam, which led to Vietnam's continuous occupation of Song Dynasty territory.
After Emperor Shenzong of Song succeeded to the throne, he had the intention of taking back Vietnam.
But he was ambitious and talented, and he had a weak heart.
After the Battle of Furang River, the Song Dynasty no longer had the heart to regain Vietnam by force. The two sides began negotiations to demarcate the territory.
On the surface, Vietnam continues to recognize the Song Dynasty as a big brother, but in fact, it has been expanding its power and has not taken the Song Dynasty seriously.
The Song Dynasty also knew this, but it also knew that it could not control Vietnam, and could only open one eye and close one eye.
In the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1174), Emperor Xiaozong of Song tore off the last fig leaf and crowned Li Tianzuo, the sixth emperor of the Vietnamese Li Dynasty, as the "King of Annam", and Vietnam became officially independent.
At this point, the territory that belonged to China since the Qin Dynasty was independent for the first time.
During the Yuan Dynasty, Annam became a vassal state of China.
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang issued the "Records of ancestral training", including Fifteen countries such as Annam as a country without conquest.
During the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty briefly recovered Annam, set it up as the Jiaotong Cloth Political Division, and reattached it to Chinese rule.
Unfortunately, the reign did not last long.
In 1427, Emperor Xuanzong was forced to abandon Annam and abolish the JiaotongBu Zhengsi.
Later, during the reign of Emperor Ming Shizong, the Jiajing Emperor once made Annam the Commander-in-Chief of Annam.
However, the Ming Dynasty's rule over Annam was not stable, and Annam always became a state of its own, a vassal state of China.
In 1803, the Jia khanh Emperor decreed that Annam should be changed to Vietnam, and Vietnam got its name from it.
After the Qing Dynasty was beaten by the Europeans, it was difficult to protect itself and gradually lost its suzerainty over Vietnam.
In 1945, after the end of World War II, Vietnam officially became a sovereign state.
Re-PS:
"When Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty was in the middle of the century, although there were those who took the throne when Wufu Guan was killed, he rose to the government and became a famous general of the time, but Qing and Kui were both" - "History of Song"
Guo Kui and Di Qing are equally famous, but their popularity is not high.
Lao Wang: The ending is not tragic.
Later generations also praised the famous Tang generals Guo Yuanzhen and Guo Ziyi, plus Guo Kui as "Three Guos", praising them as "a generation of courtiers".
However, Guo Kui was still a little bit worse than the two predecessors.
Lao Wang: What a big pot and how big a cake. It is already a dragon and phoenix among people.