introduction:
Lu You, a famous lyricist of the Southern Song Dynasty, once commented on Zhu Xi: A certain person has the heart of donating a hundred bodies to the Nine Plains, and there are tears that pour into the East China Sea. The road repairs the teeth and the spirit remains. The public is not dead, but it is still to be enjoyed.
Zhu Xi
As a famous thinker, philosopher, educator, and politician of the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi had many different identities, but he had certain achievements regardless of which one:
In the study of science, he was revered by later generations as the master of science. In terms of politics, he paid homage to Huan Zhangge and served as a waiter. In terms of education, he even single-handedly re-established the Egret Cave Academy, and since then he has taught and educated people, full of peach and plum, and is deeply respected by readers. It can be seen from this that this Zhu Xi is not only a well-rounded talent, but also has his own contributions in various fields.
In my opinion, the most famous of his many identities is that of educators. Perhaps related to his exposure to Confucianism from an early age, when he reached adulthood, he devoted himself to the study of Confucianism, and eventually became the master of Confucianism, and his descendants honored him as Zhu Zi, and even enshrined him in the Temple of Confucius to be worshiped by the world.
Notes on the Four Books, Chapters and Sentences
He also made great achievements in education, creating many schools, which can be described as peach and plum all over the world, no wonder posterity praised him as the second person in education after Confucius. In terms of thought, Zhu Xi paid special attention to the study of science, and under his development and growth, science gradually became an official philosophy recognized by the imperial court, which had a profound impact on the time and on future generations. He also wrote his own thoughts into the book, the most famous of which was the "Four Books and Chapters and Sentences", which later even became the textbook of the imperial court and the standard reference for the imperial examination. From all this, it can be seen how much influence Zhu Xi had on that time.
Since childhood, he has studied diligently and has to be tutored by capable people
Zhu Xi was able to achieve such a high level of achievement, and he must have made efforts that others did not know. According to historical records, in the fifth year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty, when Zhu Xi was five years old, he began to enter the formal study of the academy. Although he was young, he was already able to read books such as the Book of Filial Piety, and in order to encourage himself, he often wrote some words in the books to motivate himself, the most famous of which was: "If you don't do this, you will not be an adult." ”
When he was six years old, he played with other children, and unlike other children who only knew how to play for fun, he would point to the sky and the sun and ask his father why he had these things. In the face of his son's inquiry, Zhu Xi's father will also patiently explain, thus to a certain extent, zhu Xi's determination to study and seek knowledge has been more stimulated, and Zhu Xi at a young age has such perseverance to learn, presumably becoming a great instrument is also an inevitable result. Zhu Xi is slowly growing up, and his father is constantly enriching his knowledge.
In the seventh year of Shaoxing, Zhu Xi was summoned to the capital by the emperor and left Zhu Xi and his mother in his hometown. However, six years later, his father died of illness, and before he died, he entrusted Zhu Xi to his friend Liu Ziyu and others, so Zhu Xi worshipped Liu Ziyu as his righteous father and lived with his righteous father. This Liu Ziyu originally admired Zhu Xi very much, and coupled with the relationship between the righteous son, he attached great importance to Zhu Xi. He even rebuilt a building for Zhu Xi at home for Zhu Xi. The people entrusted by Zhu Xi's father had their own extremely high knowledge, so under their education, Zhu Xi gradually gained a general understanding of Confucianism, and because of this, he was angry and tried to study seriously.
Finally, in the seventeenth year of Shaoxing, that is, when he was eighteen years old, he took the township examination and won the Gongsheng. Later, Liu Mianzhi felt that Zhu Xi was a material that could be made, and that he would be able to shine on the lintel in the future, so he gave his daughter Xu to Zhu Xi, and Zhu Xi also became a relative. Later, Zhu Xi went to the capital with his fellow villagers to take the imperial examination, and was given the tongjinshi birth by the emperor, which officially began his path to becoming an official, and Zhu Xi was able to continue to study after the death of his father, without the help of his righteous father Liu Ziyu and Liu Mianzhi's generation.
He entered the DPRK as an official and had a lot of experience, rebuilding the White Deer Cave Academy
Unlike others, Zhu Xi, who had just entered the official arena, did not think about how to establish good political achievements to achieve the goal of becoming a knight, but wanted to change the status quo of society's pursuit of Dharma ideas through his own efforts.
Li Tong
After realizing that "the world style of seeking immortality in vain Buddhas, withering the people's morale, dissipating national strength, and hindering the country's ZTE", Zhu Xi wanted to change this situation by improving himself, so he embarked on the road of seeking a teacher, worshiping Ercheng's disciple Li Tong as a teacher, so he also inherited Ercheng's theoretical thought, which also laid the foundation for him to later carry forward the Great Science of Science and put forward his own cognition.
After obtaining a meritorious name, there was no pursuit of establishing political achievements, which was not easy in feudal antiquity, not to mention that the pursuit of fame and fortune in ancient China can be said to be a social trend, but Zhu Xi can withstand loneliness and concentrate on learning, and I have to say that he is indeed a talent.
Zhu Xi, who did not pursue self-improvement in the official arena, was busy studying while carrying out educational activities. This situation did not change until Song Xiaozong became emperor and consulted everyone on the development of the country. Perhaps seeing the hope of changing the status quo of the country, Zhu Xi actively went up to the emperor to express his views.
In his view, the country is in danger, and if he advocates peace, it will only harm the interests of the country, so he advocates changing the status quo of the country's defeat through war. In addition, he opposed the excessive worship of Buddhist thought by the common people and ignored Confucianism.
However, because the prime minister at that time advocated peace, Zhu Xi's views were not adopted. Later, the imperial court appointed Zhu Xi as the doctor of guozijian, but he resigned and insisted on not accepting it, and asked to return to his hometown. How could such a zhu Xi, who was devoted to the country and not coveted glory and wealth, not be admired?
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing, Song Xiaozong ascended the throne as emperor, and in order to better understand the country, he ordered the ministers to ask for their opinions on the development of the country. After hearing the news, Zhu Xi thought that the opportunity he had been waiting for for a long time had arrived. So he said that the emperor opposed the peace with the Jin people, but sought a war and opposed the excessive advocating of the Buddhist family. In his letter to the emperor, he also put forward in detail the idea of governing the country and restoring education, which was also valued by the emperor.
Song Xiaozong
In October of the first year of Longxing, Zhu Xi entered the Golden Ruan Hall at the invitation of the emperor to meet the emperor. He made three suggestions to the emperor, among which there was a profound influence on future generations. In addition to Gewu Zhizhi, he also proposed to the emperor that if he wanted to govern the country well, he must be close to the virtuous and far away from the villain. In terms of relations with the Jin people, he also proposed a war with the Jin people, but the minister at that time advocated negotiating with the Jin people, so Zhu Xi's suggestion was not adopted. After this, the emperor appointed Zhu Xi as the overseer of martial arts, but Zhu Xi refused, but returned to his hometown.
But this did not become the end of Zhu Xi's road to becoming an official. After this, Emperor Xiaozong of Song appointed Zhu Xi as the commander of the Zhinan Kang Army and in charge of internal persuasion and agricultural affairs. This time, Zhu Xi did not refuse, so he embarked on the road of going out to become an official. In the year of Zhu Xi's arrival, he happened to encounter a major drought, and because there was no rain, the grain could not grow normally. After understanding the situation, Zhu Xi began to carry out a series of measures to change this phenomenon. He ordered the people to build some water conservancy projects, and also reduced the taxes of the local people, so as to reduce the burden on the people to a certain extent.
In the process of Zhu Xi's assumption of this official position, there was one of the most important things. It was the discovery of the old site of the White Deer Cave Academy, and as an educator with a heart for the world, Zhu Xi asked the emperor to rebuild the White Deer Cave Academy, which was also recognized by the emperor. In order to make the White Deer Cave Academy prosperous, he personally served as the owner of the cave, and also used his personal connections to invite a large number of truly learned Confucians to teach in the mountains, and even implored the emperor to write a plaque. In this way, with the recognition of the imperial court, the school was soon regarded as a treasure place for scholars around the world.
White Deer Cave Academy
Zhu Xi was really a clever man, and when he realized that his strength was not enough to recruit students, he used the power of the imperial court to publicize it. Perhaps related to his childhood experience, Zhu Xi understood that there were many talented students under the heavens, but they could not read because of their poor family, so he deliberately came up with a way to change this situation. Field products were purchased in the name of the academy so that poor scholars could learn from them.
In addition, he firmly believed in the proverb that there are no rules and no square circles, so he personally formulated the rules of the college, and finally compiled the "Canons of the White Deer Cave Academy", which is also one of the earliest educational rules and regulations in the history of education in the world, in which education has been systematically elaborated, providing a reference for the school-running mode of the later generations, and also cultivating a large number of talents for the imperial court, becoming a place where students in the world are haunted by dreams.
White Deer Cave Academy Canon law
He may not have been successful as a politician, but as an educator he was extremely successful. In his heart, he not only attaches great importance to the development of education, but also pays attention to the cultivation of rules and regulations. In the feudal society of ancient China, he could have such a consciousness, and I have to say that he was indeed a natural educator.
Carry forward the science of science and respect zhu zi
It can be said that the person who had the deepest influence on future generations in academic research in the entire Song Dynasty would definitely be Zhu Xi. In addition to the master of Confucianism, he is also the master of science. For the science of science, he critically inherited the views of his predecessors, and summarized them, proposing his own new ideas, that is, the famous Gewu Zhizhi.
Under his actions, he eventually established a systematic and extensive system of science, and was finally recognized by the imperial court as an official philosophy. It should be known that Zhu Xi was not a disciple of Confucius, but he was finally able to rely on his research in Confucian scholarship, and from then on he was admired by posterity and invited to the Temple of Confucius to be respected, and he was also known as Zhu Zi by the world.
As a thinker, Zhu Xi put forward his own ideological ideas, which were borrowed and developed by Wang Yangming, who later became the master of mental science. In terms of education, he has made a very outstanding contribution, in addition to his own valuable experience, and the White Deer Cave Academy he founded is the most important of them. The re-establishment of The White Deer Cave Academy is not only a new development in the history of education in ancient China, but also laid the foundation for the development of education in later generations, and it is no wonder that later generations called him the second person to educate after Confucius. As an ordinary reader, Zhu Xi can change his environment through his own efforts, and I have to say that he does have great wisdom.
Qing People Quan Zuwang in the "Song Yuanxue Case. The great man was evaluated in the "Obscure Study Case": to the vast, as subtle as possible, and to the hundred generations. The study of Jiangxi and the study of Yongjia in Eastern Zhejiang are not unsent, and in the end they cannot be hidden.
As a Confucian scholar, Zhu Xi was able to constantly enrich himself and improve himself at the same time, put forward new ideas and propositions, so as to carry forward and strengthen Confucianism, perhaps excellent people will not stop the pace of development, Zhu Xi has achieved great results in the study of Confucianism, he still did not stop the pace of his own research, so as to continue to study science, and finally became the master of science.
As a talented literary scholar, Zhu Xi has many places that are worthy of reference and learning from future generations. Among them, it is quite important that throughout his life, he insisted on the concept of endless learning, even though he later re-established the academy, but he still insisted on learning. And in many different ways, he has also achieved something. There are many rich results in the annotation of ancient books, the collation of previous documents, and so on.
Perhaps his status as an educator was too prominent, and many people naturally forgot that he was an official of feudal society. Interestingly, while striving to maintain the feudal autocracy, he was also able to personally observe the people's feelings in the people and punish corrupt officials, so he was also quite popular in the people. In Zhu Xi's life, he had experienced many different official positions and many different identities, but no matter which position he was in, he could always correctly position himself and live up to the trust of the emperor. Among them, the most admired for him is that he re-established the White Deer Cave Academy, which greatly changed the social atmosphere of the Song Dynasty at that time, and also injected new vitality and vitality into the development of Confucianism. In a historical sense, the re-establishment of this White Deer Cave Academy is not only a major development in the history of Chinese education, but also a major progress in the literary atmosphere of the Song Dynasty.
Resources:
Biography of Song Shi, Daoxue, Zhu Xi
The Case of Song Yuanxue. Obscure Study Case