Sun Haohui's "Great Qin Empire" said that the Marquis of Shu was the Prince of Qin, "However, the three Marquis of Shu changed, especially the third Marquis of Shu, Gongsun Xuan, who succeeded his father, Emperor Huan, and was the grandson of King Zhaoxiang, and even tried to stand on his own!" After King Zhaoxiang killed Gongsun Qi, he finally decided to hand over the two places of Bashu to Li Bing in his later years. "The author thinks that the Marquis of Shu is not the Prince of Qin but the Queen of Shu.
After winning a series of victories in the war with the Eastern powers, the State of Qin began to set its sights on the Bashu region from the long-term and strategic overall situation of the future development of the Qin State.
Ba and Shu were two small states in the southwest of the Qin state, living in today's Sichuan Basin. Ba is the country of Bazi in the Spring and Autumn Period. Shu is after silkworm bushes and fish. The King of Shu also enfeoffed his brother Yu Hanzhong (苴侯). Hou Ba and Shu were in a feud, and the King of Shu was angry, the Marquis of Shu, the Marquis of Tho, and the Marquis of Tho. Ba and Shu attacked each other, and both told Qin that they were anxious. King Huiwen of Qin prepared to cut down Shu, but hesitated for the danger. At this time, South Korea attacked Qin from the east. Zhang Yi, who had already returned from Wei, advocated cutting down Han first, believing that cutting down Han had a great influence, and could "send troops down to Sanchuan", yaobing the Central Plains, and "holding the Son of Heaven to order the princes", and becoming a hegemon in one fell swoop. However, the general Sima Guo opposed the first invasion of Han. He believed that Shu was a small country, a "chief of Rong Di," and now it was "in turmoil," sending troops to fight, justifying its name, and easy to win, "gaining enough land to spread the country, and taking its wealth enough to enrich the people." Attacking Korea may not only lead to the intervention of Qi, Chu, Zhao, and Wei, but also has the notoriety of "robbing the son of heaven", so it is not as good as cutting Down Shu, and if Shu is successful, it will enrich the country, spread the land, and strengthen the army, "the three capitals are available and the king will follow."
King Huiwen of Qin adopted Sima Cuo's plan and began to attack Shu in 316 BC. Zhang Yi, Sima Cuo, Du Weimo and others led their troops from Shiniu Road into Shu, and fought a major battle with the Shu army at Yemeng Pass, where the Qin army won a great victory and the King of Shu was killed. After the fall of Shu, the Qin army destroyed Tho and Ba. The vast area outside the Qin Mountains in the southwest of the Qin State was then owned by the Qin State.
After Qin destroyed Shu, he was made the Marquis of Shu three times, but all three Shu Marquises were reprimanded for rebellion. After the three Shu princes were the princes of Qin or the king of Shu, there have always been different opinions and disagreements. Sun Haohui's "Great Qin Empire" also said that the Marquis of Shu was the Prince of Qin, "However, the three Marquis of Shu changed, especially the third Marquis of Shu, Gongsun Xuan, who inherited his father, The Duke of Qin, and was the grandson of King Zhaoxiang, and even tried to stand on his own!" After King Zhaoxiang killed Gongsun Qi, he finally decided to hand over the two places of Bashu to Li Bing in his later years. "The author thinks that the Marquis of Shu is not the Prince of Qin but the Queen of Shu.
First, Qin implemented a policy of bondage against Shu, and the Marquis of Shu could only be after the King of Shu. Judging from the "Records of History" and "Huayang Guozhi", the three Shu Princes seem to be all Qin Princes, but in fact they are not Qin Princes but after the King of Shu. After Qin destroyed Shu, the King of Shu was renamed Hou. The records of the Warring States Policy, the Records of History, and the Zizhi Tongjian are consistent. The Warring States Policy records: "It was taken in October and shu was fixed." The Lord of Shu was given the title of Hou (侯), and Chen Zhuang was made of Shu. The "Chronicle of Zhang Yilie" records: "In October, he took it, and then fixed Shu, and degraded the king of Shu to be more of a waiter, and made Chen Zhuang Xiangshu." The Zizhi Tongjian records: "In October, he took it, degraded the king of Shu, and made him more known as Hou, and made Chen Zhuang Xiangshu." "During this period, Qin implemented the county system for most of the lands occupied by the eastern countries, perhaps taking into account the remoteness and dangers of Shudi, and fully caring for the traditions of Shudi's reunity, Shudi culture, Shu people's psychology and other factors, so it implemented indirect rule over Shudi, that is, adopted the policy of using Shu to govern Shu, and the descendants of the three Shu kings were Shu Marquis.
The Qin army destroyed the Shu state, demoted the king of Shu to the title of Marquis of Shu, and appointed Chen Zhuang as the Xiangguo of the Shu state. In the fourteenth year of King Huiwen of Qin (311 BC), Shu Xiang Chen Zhuang killed the Marquis of Shu (Gongzi Tong, son of the indigenous King of Shu) and surrendered to the State of Qin.
In the first year of King Wu of Qin (310 BC), because Chen Zhuang betrayed the State of Qin, Sima Que was ordered to help quell the rebellion in Shu Land, and Gan Mao killed Chen Zhuang.
In the sixth year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin (301 BC), The Prince Hui of Shu rebelled in Shu and rebelled against the State of Qin, and Sima Wrong was ordered to fight against the rebels. Sima mistakenly killed Gongzi Hui and Lang Zhongling and twenty-seven others, and the rebellion in Shudi was put to rest.
After Gongzi Hui's death, Gongzi Hui was made the Marquis of Shu, and fifteen years after his consecration, that is, in 285 BC, he was executed for rebellion. After the third quelling of the rebellion, the State of Qin did not re-enfeoff the Marquis of Shu, but instead implemented the county system, and set up a county guard in the homeland of the Shu State to exercise direct rule.
If the Marquis of Shu who degraded the Queen of Shu was all Princes of Qin, one was that the Princes of Qin rarely divided the titles, and there was no precedent for sealing such a large place as Shu to the Princes of Qin; the other was that the Princes of Qin were all rebellious to the Princes of Shu.
Second, King Wu of Qin was childless, and He Lai's "Feng Zihui was made the Marquis of Shu". The Huayang Guozhi Shu Zhi (華阳国志· Shu Zhi) says: "In the seventh year of the Zhou Dynasty, Feng Zihui was made the Marquis of Shu. "The seventh year of King Zhao of Zhou is the third year of King Wu of Qin. The "History of Qin Benji" says: "King Wu took Wei as his daughter, had no children, and established a half-brother, who was the king of Zhaoxiang." "King Wu was childless, so how could he "seal Zihui as the Marquis of Shu"? The "Records of History" records about Hou Hui of Shu are also inconsistent. The Biography of Gan Mao says that "Wu Wang Li, Shu Hou Hui, Xiang Zhuang, Qin made Gan Mao Ding Shu"; the Qin Benji records that in the sixth year of King Zhao's reign, "Shu Hou Hui rebelled, Sima mistakenly fixed Shu"; the Chronology of the Six Kingdoms said "Six years, Shu rebelled, and Sima mistakenly went to Shu Shouhui Ding Shu". Or when the words were spoken in the time of King Wu, or when they were spoken in the time of King Zhao; or when they were said to be Marquis of Shu, or when they were spoken of, or when they were kept, contradictory to each other, and the "Benji" was close to the truth.
Third, will the State of Qin enfeoff a baby (prince of Qin) as a marquis in Shudi and govern Shudi? The Huayang Guozhi Shu Zhi (华阳国志) says: "In the fifteenth year of the Reign of Zhou Zhao, he made his son Shu The Marquis of Shu. "The fifteenth year of King Zhao of Zhou is the seventh year of King Zhao of Qin, and the Qin Benji says that King Zhao was "three years, crown", then, King Zhao was only eighteen years old when he ascended the throne, King Zhao reigned for 56 years, and after his death, Zi Xiaowen Wang Li, "Qin Shi Huang Benji" said that "King Xiaowen was born fifty-three and stood", then King Xiaowen should be born in the fourth year of King Zhao. If Gongzi Qi was the son of King Zhao of Qin, he should be the younger brother of King Xiaowen, and he should have been born in the fifth or sixth year of King Zhao, and he was actually sealed in Shu in the seventh year of King Zhao, and he was only one or two years old when he was crowned, which is impossible.
Not only that, it was also unreasonable for this Shu Marquis to kill him in the twenty-second year of King Zhao, that is, his age was only fifteen or sixteen years old, and his father killed him because of his plot.
If it is more interesting if Gongzi Qi is the grandson of King Zhao, it is impossible for King Zhao not to name his adult son the King of Shu, but to make his grandson, that is, a baby, the Marquis of Shu and govern the land of Shu.
Therefore, the Marquis of Shu who was enthroned three times and rebelled three times could only be the descendants of the original King of Shu, not the Prince of Qin. After the third killing of the Marquis of Shu, "but shu shou, Zhang Ruoyin took the flute and The Land of Jiangnan". After the abolition of the Marquis of Shu, Shu County settled down from then on. The rebellion of Shu was, in fact, nothing more than the work of the descendants of the King of Shu.
The attitude of the rulers of the Qin state to the Shu Marquis should be to cooperate and survive, and to divide and abolish, relying on the county guards sent by the Qin state to change customs and customs, effectively govern, and gradually transition to the county system. Therefore, Qin Ting was confined to certain conditions and had to be the nominal supreme ruler of Shu after the King of Shu, but in fact he entrusted the responsibility of governing Shu to Zhang Ruo, the county sheriff. Zhang Ruo served as the shou of Shu Commandery from 316 BC until he was transferred to Qianzhong Shou in 277 BC, a total of forty years during the reign of Shu Commandery. "Bashu was brutal, there was Bashu in the early Qin Dynasty, and if Zhang Ruo could obey the Lord, govern and make it rational, repair the three cities, move into the Qin people, mutate its wind, revitalize its Chinese civilization and etiquette, make its land gradually prosper, and become a strong backing for Qin and the world, its merits must not be remembered." The third time the Marquis of Shu was abolished, the time was ripe for Shu to implement the county system, so "after King Zhaoxiang of Qin killed Gongsun Qi, he did not establish the Marquis of Shu, but used Shu to guard Zhang Ruo to rule Shu" . In the fifty-first year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, Zhang Ruo was transferred to qianzhong county guard, and Shu Shou was replaced by li bing, a water conservancy expert.