"Greet the king, look forward to the king, the king will not pay for the grain when he comes." We are all too familiar with Li Zicheng, the leader of the peasant revolt at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Li Zicheng, born in the 34th year of the Ming Dynasty (1606 AD), was a native of Mizhi, Shaanxi. Li Zicheng was a very iconic presence in the complex and chaotic pattern of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and even the sense of existence of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty was not as good as That of Li Zicheng.
In 1644, Li Zicheng's Dashun army marched to the capital, and the Ming Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youyi was not humiliated and martyred at Coal Mountain. I thought that Li Zicheng would become the master of history, but I did not expect that he was also a half-altar vinegar, and it was not long before he was defeated by the Qing army outside guanwai and Wu Sangui's army in a stone. The Battle of Yishi was of historical decisive significance, after which the Qing army entered the pass and the Dashun army was defeated and retreated. In the end, Li Zicheng was eliminated by history, and almost appeared in the history of the Founding Emperor of Dashun, and became a "thief".
However, the whereabouts of Li Zicheng became a famous mystery case in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Where Li Zicheng died, where his hundreds of thousands of Dashun troops had gone, like the cloud mountain fog cover, I don't know what it was.
There are several theories about where Li Zicheng died, the most widely circulated of which is that Li Zicheng died on the famous Nine Palace Mountain.
Where is The Nine Palaces Mountain? Let's open the topographic map of Hubei Province, and there is a prefecture-level Xianning City in the southeast of Hubei Province. Xianning City is all on the east bank of the Yangtze River, bordering Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, to the north, Jingzhou City in the northwest, and Huangshi City in the northeast. Xianning is located at the junction of Hubei Province, Hunan Province and Jiangxi Province, Xianning is bordered by Yueyang City of Hunan Province to the west and Jiujiang City of Jiangxi Province to the southeast. The boundary between Hubei Province and Jiangxi Province is relatively simple, with the Yangtze River as the eastern section and the Mufu Mountains as the western section. Jiugong Mountain, located just north of the Mufu Mountains, belongs to Tongshan County, Xianning City, Hubei Province.
Jiugong Mountain is located about 80 miles southeast of Tongshan County, with an altitude of 1656.6 meters. The reason why it is called Jiugong Mountain, according to legend, there was a Jin'an king in the Southern Dynasty who took refuge with eight brothers due to civil strife in the imperial court and built nine palaces, so it was named Jiugong Mountain. Some people believe that several Jin Dynasty kings in the Southern Dynasty, such as Liu Zixun of song, Xiao Zimao and Xiao Baoyi of Qi, Xiao Gang of Liang (Emperor Jianwen), Xiao Fangzhi (Emperor Jing), and Chen Bogong of Chen, all did not take refuge with the nine brothers to build the Nine Palaces on this mountain. There is also a saying that the Nine Palaces Mountain has nine floors from the bottom of the mountain to the top of the mountain, similar to the Nine Palaces, hence the name.
Jiugong Mountain is a famous Taoist mountain, and in the Southern Song Dynasty, a Taoist monk named Zhang Daoqing set up an altar on The Nine Palace Mountain to promote religion at the behest of Zhao Kuo of the Song NingZong. Why did Li Zicheng die on the Nine Palaces Mountain? After the Qing army entered the pass, it pursued and fought fiercely against the Dashun army, and the Dashun army was repeatedly defeated by the Qing army at the junction of Henan and Hubei. The main force of the Dashun army retreated to Fuchikou, Yangxin County, Huangshi City, Hubei Province, where the rich water flows into the Yangtze River, which is surrounded by mountains and rivers, and the terrain is very dangerous. However, the regent of the Qing Dynasty, Dorgon, had the talent of an emperor, and the clan dodo, Azig and others were all famous generals. The Qing army was united in its fighting strength, and after the Battle of a Stone, the Dashun Army was unstable and the situation was very bad.
In April 1645, the Qing army surprised the Camp of the Dashun Army at Fuchikou and defeated the Dashun Army. Subsequently, the defeated Dashun army was again defeated by the Qing army in Ruichang County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province.
Li Zicheng was homeless and prepared to enter Hunan to move back. A famous theory: When Li Zicheng led the remnants from Jiangxi into Hunan, he passed through Jiugong Mountain in Hubei Province, and was attacked by local local armed forces, and the 39-year-old Li Zicheng died in the chaotic battle. Liu Zongmin, a very representative general in Li Zicheng's army, is said to have also died in this battle, and it is said that he died in the Battle of Ruichang, Jiangxi.
Because there is no head of Li Zicheng, the theory that Li Zicheng died on the Nine Palace Mountain has always been questioned by some scholars. In the view of scholars who opposed Li Zicheng's death at Jiugong Mountain, the biggest suspicious point of Jiugongshan's theory was that when Li Zicheng was active on the border of Hubei and Gansu, there were still 400,000 troops, and there were also tens of thousands of people brought to JiugongShan, so it was impossible to be easily defeated by local armed forces. Some opponents believe that Li Zicheng may have died on Jiugong Mountain, but this Jiugong Mountain is not necessarily the Jiugong Mountain in Tongshan, Hubei, but may be jiugong mountain (also known as Luogong Mountain) in Tongcheng County in western Xianning City. Some people also believe that Li Zicheng should have died on the Nine Palace Mountain of Tongcheng, but in the process of compiling, the literati wrote "Tongcheng" as "Tongshan".
In addition to Li Zicheng's death at the Ninth Palace Mountain, there is another very famous theory: Li Zicheng did not die in battle, but became a monk. Of course, Li Zicheng could not have become a monk on the Jiugong Mountain (or Tongshan or Tongcheng), and could only find him elsewhere. Where did Li Zicheng cut his hair and become a monk? One is said to be the Jiashan Temple of Stone Mountain.
Where is The Stone Mountain? We open the topographic map of Hunan Province, there is a changde city in the north of Hunan Province, located in the transition zone between Wuling Mountain and Dongting Lake Plain. There is a Shimen County in the northwest of Changde City, located on the north bank of Lishui. There is a Jiashan Temple not far from the eastern outskirts of Shimen County, where Legend Has It is said that Li Zicheng lived in seclusion and called himself Fengtian Yu. However, dissenting scholars believe that Jiashan Temple does have a monk named Feng tianyu, but it is not necessarily Li Zijie.
In addition to the suicide theory of Jiugong Mountain and the theory of the shimen Jiashan Temple, there is also a theory that Li Zicheng went to Guangdong after the defeat of the army. The specific location is the city of Lechang, which is administered by Shaoguan City in Guangdong Province, where there is a Jincheng Mountain where Li Zicheng continues to rebel against the Qing army. In a later battle, Li Zicheng was seriously wounded and died due to the betrayal of traitors.
Li Zicheng's death is more than three hundred years ago, and the truth of history is really difficult to determine. However, each statement has its own reason for existence, and the controversy about the end of Li Zicheng's life may continue to be debated.