Author | Fan Deng Reading · Wei Lan
Anchor | Fan Deng Reading · Yang Gun Gun
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Dear book lovers, good evening
Welcome to Fan Deng's reading character column - "Stars".
Reading the Stars Shine · Experience extraordinary life.
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The protagonist who appears today is the first ethnic minority emperor to rule the land of China.
The steppe man always gives people a rough and bold feeling, and has great ambitions, but to achieve this ambition, it really needs a meticulous heart.
Let's walk into the legendary life of Kublai Khan, the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, in a gorgeous yurt, a Han Chinese dressed as a Confucian was talking loudly, he said:
The way to control chaos depends on heaven and by man, so that the world cannot be ruled immediately.
Sitting in the main seat was a rugged Mongol nobleman, who sometimes nodded his head in approval and sometimes asked questions for advice.
This man was Kublai Khan.
At that time, most of the Mongols were rugged and bold, and they loved to ride freely on horseback, not only not interested in the culture of the Central Plains, but even some contempt for the Han People.
Kublai Khan, on the other hand, was different from ordinary people, not only getting close to the Han Chinese, but also learning about the culture of the Central Plains.
Perhaps it was this little difference that made him transform from a down-and-out aristocrat to the first ethnic minority emperor to conquer the land of China, and also brought Chinese civilization to a new historical height.
He used his life's journey to confirm to future generations:
A person's ability to break through difficult situations determines the height of his life.
General Patton once said that the measure of a person's success is not the height of his summit, but the rebound of his fall to the trough.
In 1215, Kublai Khan was born in the desert steppe and was the second son of Genghis Khan's fourth son, Tuolei.
When he was a child, he was not only filial and courteous, but also very good at riding and shooting, and it is said that Genghis Khan predicted that he would become a great weapon in the future.
But Genghis Khan did not pass the Khanship to Kublai Khan's father Tuolei, and more tragically, Tuolei died early.
Those years can be said to be the darkest moments of Kublai Khan's life, and he seems to be getting farther and farther away from the Khan position.
The people around them gradually left, and some even wanted to marry Kublai Khan's mother under the guise of Mongolian tradition and inherit everything about Tuolei.
Fortunately, her mother's resourcefulness saved the foundation of the Tore family.
Since then, Kublai Khan, under the guidance of his mother, has learned to be patient and has continued to accumulate strength.
In the years of treacherous clouds, he has been immersed in learning, not only practicing a skill, but also gathering a group of capable people around him.
It was not until 1251, when Kublai Khan was 36 years old, that his brother Möngke became the new Great Khan and appointed him the commander-in-chief of Mo nan, that Kublai Khan finally waited for a turning point in his life.
He was not saddened by the desolation of his domain, and first established a shogunate, continued to recruit talents, and then, at the suggestion of his staff, used Han law to administer taxes.
In just one year, the local government has achieved very gratifying political achievements, and he has gained prestige.
In 1252, Kublai Khan was commissioned to conquer Dali, and after making sufficient preparations using the skills he had learned, his troops marched south in three ways, and soon eliminated the main force of Dali.
After entering the city, Kublai Khan changed the past Mongol slaughtering style and used the Huairou policy to appease the people.
The battle went so smoothly that Kublai Khan won the recognition of his military prowess from the Mongol nobility.
On the one hand, the people's aspirations, on the other hand, the recognition of the clan, Kublai Khan continued to accumulate strength, laying the foundation for the continued advancement of life.
There are always thorns in the journey of life, and no one can easily succeed.
And what we have to do is to accumulate the ability to break the game at the trough.
Liu Qing once said in the "History of Entrepreneurship" that the road of life is very long, but the key point is only a few steps.
The same was true of Kublai Khan, when Möngke Khan appointed him as the commander-in-chief of Mo nan, he took into account Möngke Khan's suspicious nature and refused the economic aspect, only receiving the military of Mo Nan.
However, as Kublai Khan achieved the victory of conquering Dali and his prestige in the southern region of the desert grew, it was inevitable that someone would blow the wind in the ears of Möngke Khan, and he would fall into the situation of being suspected by the Great Khan.
At the time of crisis, he resolutely returned to Möngke Khan with his wife and children, and went alone to see Möngke Khan.
Kublai Khan's retreat allowed Möngke Khan to lift his guard and give himself enough time to accumulate strength.
In 1260, when Möngke Khan attacked the Southern Song Dynasty, he accidentally died under the Diaoyu City.
At that time, Kublai Khan was fighting in Ezhou, and when he heard the news of Möngke Khan's death, he resolutely accepted the other side's proposal and request, and quickly returned to his base camp.
At that time, Möngke and Kublai Khan's younger brother Ali Buge attempted to get rid of Kublai Khan, but no matter how Ali Bu Brother designed, Kublai Khan insisted on his position.
Mo nan is backed by the central plains and is well supplied. After several months of stalemate, Kublai Khan decisively ascended the throne here and confronted Ali Buge.
Although Ali Buge had sufficient military strength, the vast grassland did not have enough grain reserves, and eventually lost the battle.
Kublai Khan finally became the Mongol Khan in the practical sense of the word.
Later, after a brief reorganization, Kublai Khan officially began the pace of the crusade against the Southern Song Dynasty, and he locked the key point in Xiangyang.
In order to win this vicious battle, Kublai Khan not only worked the tactics of soldiers, but also specially ordered soldiers to create back cannons.
Under the multi-strategy, Xiangyang was breached, and soon after, the Southern Song Dynasty was completely destroyed.
Kublai Khan achieved unprecedented Mongol success and became the first ethnic emperor to unify the multi-ethnic minorities.
Breakthroughs in life often lie in the choice of key steps.
At every critical juncture, he made bold choices and acted without hesitation, so that Kublai Khan's life would rise higher and higher.
In 1264, Kublai Khan took the meaning of "Zhizha Kunyuan" in the I Ching and changed the name of the country to "Dayuan".
This is enough to see Kublai Khan's love for Han culture.
From a young age, he was learning Han culture, and at any time, there was a group of Han Chinese strategists gathered around him.
At the beginning of the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan was also willing to see people inherit the culture of the past, did not enforce the Mongolian culture, and also followed the hereditary system of princes.
However, the coup d'état of 1262 made Kublai Khan begin to think deeply.
Li Xuan of Shandong used his money and troops to launch a rebellion while Kublai Khan was busy dealing with foreign enemies.
Although the rebellion had little impact on Kublai Khan's rule, it became the beginning of Kublai Khan's shabby and new reform.
He gradually reclaimed the rights of the princes, implemented a centralized system, and combined Han and Mongolian culture in his own way, and then applied it to his rule.
People call this image "Inner North Country and Outer China".
In terms of transportation, Kublai Khan set up post stations in various fortresses.
With the improvement of land and water transportation, he was also able to bring Mongolian culture to the Central Plains, and as cultural exchanges intensified, a large number of scientists emerged.
Guo Shoujing is particularly famous, who not only developed an automatic chiming clock, but also improved the accuracy of time a lot.
The time of the year mentioned in the Chrono calendar in which he participated was only 26 seconds apart from what we now recognize.
In addition, Kublai Khan restricted the behavior of the Mongol nobles from destroying arable land. Farmers use a variety of tools developed by scientists to greatly improve the efficiency of farming.
In this way, the entire Yuan Dynasty showed a thriving image.
As the ancients once said: Borrow the wisdom of others and improve yourself.
Do not blindly learn from others, do not stick to themselves, maintain sober judgment, and constantly integrate in practice, will reach new heights.
In 1294, Kublai Khan's life came to an end.
Looking back on his life, he lost his father at an early age, but he had unsympathetic ambitions; he was wise and bold, and he dared to break through several times;
Accepting Han Confucian thought, breaking the old and embracing the new, the Yuan Dynasty with its own unique pattern was founded.
Life will always have many unexpected changes, how to choose, will deeply affect a person's life.
As Fistinger once said, "10% of life is made up of what happens to you, while the other 90% is determined by how you react to what happens." ”
When you are in a difficult situation, you first accumulate strength; when the time comes, you will grasp it decisively; whenever you are in a hurry, you will judge with a clear mind.
In this way, you will not be trapped in the trough.
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Author | Wei Lan, while reading and precipitation, while writing growth.
Column Director | Cheng zi
Typography | Cheng zi
Music | Haneda Ryoko - Versailles
Image | The pictures in this article come from the Internet, and are invaded and deleted
References |
1. Documentary "General History of China Kublai Khan the Great"
2. Documentary "Kublai Khan, the 10 Most Powerful Ancient Chinese Emperors"
3. The Biography of Kublai Khan