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As we all know, in March of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng's peasant army conquered Beijing, chongzhen was cornered, and the personal eunuch Wang Cheng'en hanged himself on the coal mountain. So, from hearing about the destruction of the city to the last hanging himself, what was Chongzhen thinking and doing?
On March 17, the peasant rebel army besieged the capital. On the evening of the eighteenth day, Chongzhen and his personal eunuch Wang Cheng'en climbed the coal mountain, looked at the scene of the flames outside the city, and wandered back to the Qianqing Palace for a long time. After returning to the palace, he wrote an edict ordering Zhu Chunchen, the Duke of Chengguo, to command the armies and assist the crown prince Zhu Cixuan. Then he summoned Empress Zhou and Concubine Yuan Guifei, and after drinking several cups with them, he lamented, "Bitter me! ”
Concubine Zhou Guifei said to Empress Zhou, "Big things are going to happen." The empress and concubines could not help but cry, and the palace people surrounded them and began to cry, and Chongzhen asked them to make a living. Empress Zhou "pounced" and knelt on the ground, prostrating her head while crying: "Concubines have been following the emperor for eighteen years, and the emperor has never heard a word from a concubine, so that there is today." ”
Chongzhen comforted the weeping prince and the Yong and Ding kings, and ordered the eunuchs to send them to the homes of their relatives to hide. After repeatedly instructing the crown prince and The Yong King and Queen Ding, he asked Empress Zhou to go out, and Empress Zhou hanged herself after returning to Kunning Palace.
Chongzhen then summoned the fifteen-year-old Princess Changping, and the princess cried. Chongzhen lamented, "Why did you come to the Emperor's house?" After saying this, the left sleeve covered her face, and the right hand pulled out a knife and cut off her left arm, and the poor princess passed out. At the same time, he also stabbed Princess Akihito, who was only six years old, with his sword. The palace suddenly spread a boiling sound, exclaiming that the emperor had moved his sword. Chongzhen came to the West Palace and ordered Yuan Guifei to commit suicide. So Yuan Guifei could only hang herself from the beam, but unexpectedly, the rope belt broke, so she fainted on the ground, and woke up after a long time. When Chongzhen saw this, he drew his sword and slashed several swords at her, but fortunately did not hurt the key point.
Princess Changping stills
Then Chongzhen rode out of donghua gate with a three-eyed rifle and dozens of eunuchs with axes, was blocked by random arrows, and then ran to Qihua Gate, but the gatekeepers thought that it was an internal change, and under the direction of the cannon, they had to run south. They walked out of the city from the alley and saw white lanterns hanging on the walls of zhengyang gate, and white lanterns were hung from one to three, indicating that the situation was critical and the general trend had gone. He turned to the gate, but the gatekeeper had already escaped, and the gate was so deeply locked that the eunuch could not split it with a sharp axe.
By this time it was almost dawn, and they had no choice but to return to the palace. In the end, the Chongzhen Emperor and his personal eunuch Wang Cheng'en climbed the coal mountain again, and before dying, Chongzhen said: "The emperor despises the merits of the emperor and blames the heavens, but all the ministers are mistaken, and they die without seeing the ancestors, and they remove their crowns and cover their faces." Let the thieves divide and do no harm to the people. It can be seen that before his death, Chongzhen believed that this was not his own fault, but the ineffective assistance of the ministers.
The sentiment that "a king is not a king of a subjugated country, but a subject is a subject of a subjugated country" is lamentable! In fact, Chongzhen's fall of the country was caused by a variety of factors, the external cause was secondary, and the internal cause, Chongzhen's own mistakes, was the main cause of the fall of the country. He interfered in the cabinet, abandoned the factory guards, refused to move south, and his depressed personality led him to reuse eunuchs, be too suspicious, mishandle the financial crisis, waver in policy, and so on, military, and financial faults accelerated the demise of the Ming Dynasty.
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