"The moon bends to illuminate the world, and asks the military master which house do you live in?"
Sister Feng didn't have to interrogate us, for the army lives under this day.
The military master's reasoning is too bad, and he should not flirt with our good family.
Good people come to evil people's homes, and they should not insert this begonia flower obliquely.
Twisting and pinching and pinching is very elegant, and the wind is in this begonia flower. ”
Friends who are familiar with Peking Opera, seeing this singing lyric, know that this is a duet between Zhu Houzhao of The Ming Dynasty and Li Fengjie in Mr. Ma Lianliang's "Dragon Play Phoenix". As an emperor, Emperor Mingwuzong had many stories of affair. Today, in Zhenshun Village, the apple town of Cuicun Town, Changping District, there is a "Liu Niang Tomb", and it is said that the owner of the tomb is Liu Niangniang, a Datong Le trick who was favored by Emperor Mingwuzong. However, the examination of historical materials shows that the owner of the tomb of "Liu Niang's Tomb" was actually Liu Jingfei, the favorite concubine of Emperor Ming Yingzong.
Emperor Mingwuzong's affair
Historically, Emperor Mingwuzong made many tours. In the folk of the Changping area, there are many stories about him. Among them, he snatched the beautiful li fengjie from Lijia Village on the outskirts of Datong Province, Shanxi, and returned to Changping, where he left Li Fengjie in Juyongguan. When they were separated, he told Li Fengjie that after returning to Beijing to report to the empress dowager, he would send someone to take her into the palace. Li Fengjie waited for the left and right in Juyongguan, and did not see Ming Wuzong take her to Beijing, and a year later, she died of depression. The local people buried Li Fengjie on the south slope of Juyongguan, because the grave was covered with white grass, also known as the "White Phoenix Tomb", which is still one of the "Seventy-Two Views of Guangou".
Ming Wuzong was the most controversial emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and some people said that he was absurd, leaving the palace in small clothes, robbing the women of the people, setting up leopard houses, and raising many beautiful women and music workers found from all over the country to have fun. It is also said that during his reign, he eliminated the eunuch Liu Jin and his cohorts, purged the imperial government, and he used Yang Yiqing as the governor of the three sides, quickly quelling the rebellion of The King of Anhua and consolidating the northwest frontier. He also appointed Wang Shouren to quell the rebellion of Zhu Chenhao, the King of Ning. From the perspective of wild history and legend, Ming Wuzong was an emperor who slacked off his government and indulged in pleasure; from the perspective of zhengshi, he was a bold and strategic emperor of the Ming Dynasty. During his reign, he has been trying to get rid of the shackles of the civil bureaucracy, and the civilian clique has also dwarfed it in every way. After the death of Emperor Mingwuzong, he was succeeded by his cousin Emperor Mingshizong Zhu Houxi. Zhu Houxi succeeded to the throne as a side branch, and in order to prove his legitimacy, he triggered the "Great Ceremony Discussion" incident, Zhu Houxi indulged the deliberate smear behavior of the civilian official clique against Ming Wuzong in order to enhance his own prestige, and these factors superimposed to cause different evaluations of Ming Wuzong by later generations.
The story of Ming Wuzong's strong marriage to a folk beauty, in addition to Juyongguan, there are also stories circulating in other areas of Changping. Guangxu's Chronicle of Changping Prefecture records that Liu Niangniang was the wife of Yang Teng, a musician in the Jin Dynasty in Taiyuan, Shanxi, who was summoned by Emperor Mingwu and buried in Changping after his death. Kangxi's Chronicle of Changping Prefecture records: "Liu Fei's tomb, in the eighteen miles of the eastern part of the prefecture, was a wuzong. In the "Ming Shilu Wuzong Shilu", it is recorded that "in the thirteenth year of Zhengde (1518), Emperor Wuzong made his fourth tour and stayed at the Jin King's Mansion in Taiyuan and met Liu Meiren, the daughter of Liu Liang of Lehu and the wife of Yang Teng, a musician in the Jin Dynasty. This Liu Mei talent was both beautiful, and Emperor Mingwuzong fell for it at first sight and brought it back to the capital and pampered him. The eunuchs and guards around Ming Wuzong all honored her as 'Liu Niangniang', and if anyone provoked Ming Wuzong to be angry and privately asked Liu Niangniang for advice, Ming Wuzong's anger would dissipate."
After nearly three hundred years of legendary evolution between Liu Niangniang and Ming Wuzong, after the Fifty-fifth Year Huiban of the Qianlong Dynasty entered Beijing, it was adapted by the artists into the content of the Peking Opera "Dragon Play Phoenix", which interpreted Liu Niangniang from a lehu advocate to a pure folk woman Li Fengjie.
Zhenshun Village, also known as Liu Niang's Tomb, Tomb Village, and Zhenshun Village in the Qing Dynasty. 10 kilometers west of Changping City, located in the beautiful Yanshan Mountains in front of the hilly area, the terrain is high in the north and low in the south, the village site is 65 meters above sea level, and there are two seasonal rivers in the west of the village, Bajiagou and Xiaoyugou. The main surnames of the villagers are Zhang, Zheng, Shen, Li, Wang, etc., and most of them are Han Chinese. Liu Niang's tomb is located at the foot of the "Beidaling" mountain northwest of Zhenshun Village, and the elderly legend is that the owner of the tomb is Liu Niangniang of The Ming Wuzong, and this legend is recorded in the Local Chronicle of Changping in the Qing Dynasty.
Guangxu's "Chronicle of Changping Prefecture and tomb of the twelfth tomb" records: "The tomb of Ming Liu Niangniang is eighteen miles northeast of the prefecture. Liu Sixuan wrote "Collected Poems of ShangYitang", and Liu Ji wrote a preface. Eighteen miles northeast of Changping City, there is the tomb of Liu Niangniang, the wife of Yang Teng, a music worker of the Jin Dynasty under Emperor Wuzong of Ming. Ju Leopard Room, pet crown for a time, but the final emperor has no title, and his death was when he was in Sejong. During the Qianlong period, he excavated Ji's tomb and obtained many golden treasures, which were captured by the governors, because of this poem to show Changping Muxu's nephew. It can be seen from this that during the Jiaqing period, Liu Xutang, a native of Wujin County, Jiangsu Province, came to Changping as a zhizhou and told the theft of Liu Niang's tomb that occurred during the Qianlong period to his uncle Liu Sixuan, who was working as an editor in the Hanlin Academy. Liu Sixuan, author of the "Collected Poems of Shangyitang", wrote about this incident in the collection of poems and wrote a poem of aria, so that posterity learned of the theft of Liu Niang's tomb in Qianlong thirteen years.
According to the old man of Zhenshun Village, Liu Niang's tomb is at the foot of Beidaling Mountain in the northwest of the village, which is an excellent feng shui treasure land with open terrain and beautiful environment. Around the cemetery, there were originally pines and cypresses, including monumental buildings, halls of enjoyment, east and west halls, and stone treasure roofs. Unfortunately, before the War of Resistance Against Japan, the cemetery was excavated by local bandits in Changping. At present, there are only some trees and scattered stone components on the old site of the cemetery, and the underground palace, archway, and enjoyment hall have disappeared.
Is this tomb of Liu Niang, the tomb of Liu Niangniang, who was favored by Emperor Mingwuzong? As we all know, Liu Niangniang was from a Lehu family and had a humble status, and did not receive a title until the death of Emperor Mingwuzong. The successor Jiajing Emperor was dissatisfied with Emperor Mingwuzong's mother and wife because of the "Great Ceremony", and he always tried his best to belittle and suppress them. As soon as the Jiajing Emperor ascended the throne, he cleared out all the folk women chosen by Emperor Mingwuzong from the palace. After Liu Niangniang's death, the Jiajing Emperor could not have built such a high-standard cemetery for a leju. According to historical records, Emperor Wuzong of Ming had only two concubines, no concubines surnamed Liu, and the second concubines of Emperor Wuzong were Shuhuide Concubine Wu and Rong Shuxian Concubine Shen, and they were buried in the Jinshan Tomb Area of Haidian District after their deaths.
If Liu Niang's tomb is not the cemetery of Liu Niang, a Datong Lehu household, then whose cemetery is it? The 136 volumes of the Old Wen kao of the Sun Xia record that Emperor Ming Yingzong's "Zhenshun Yi Gonghui Concubine Buried Peach Mountain". The Funeral Ceremony of The Concubines of Emperor Yingzong of the Third Volume of the Wanliye Ye Compilation records: "The present "Ritual Code" contains the eighteen concubines of Yuling, one burial on Mianshan Mountain, and the rest of the Golden Mountain. Meaning Mianshan for Liu Feihu? Kangxi's "Chronicle of Changping Prefecture" records: "Liu Niang's tomb, twenty miles northeast of Changping Prefecture." "Zhenshun Yi Gonghui Concubine" Liu Shi was a concubine of Emperor Mingyingzong Zhu Qizhen, the first concubine, Liu clan was several years older than Ming Yingzong, but Ming Yingzong "loved her alone", Tianshun died in July of the seventh year of Tianshun, and was posthumously honored as Huifei. Regardless of his illness, Emperor Mingying personally arranged a funeral for Concubine Liu. Arrange for the crown prince Zhu Jianshen to personally pay tribute, and the emperor and ministers will all wear plain clothes to show their condolences. Out of the ordinary, Liu Jingfei, who had no children, also received a four-character title, and according to the regulations of the Ming Dynasty, only concubines who had children were eligible to use the four-character title.
Four months after Liu Jingfei's death, Emperor Mingyingzong also gave up, and before dying, he instructed the crown prince that empress Qian would be buried with her in the underground palace after her future death, and the deceased Liu Jingfei would also be buried in the underground palace. After the crown prince ascended the throne, he was called Emperor Mingxianzong, and his birth mother, Consort Zhou, became empress dowager. The Zhou clan did not allow Empress Qian, Concubine Liu Jingfei, and Ming Yingzong to be buried together. However, because Emperor Mingyingzong had a will, the courtiers and Emperor Mingxianzong repeatedly argued, and finally compromised with each other, and in the burial chambers on both sides of Emperor Mingyingzong's Yuling Underground Palace, one placed Empress Qian and the other placed Zhou Guifei. Even so, the Zhou clan was still unwilling and ordered that the passage between Empress Qian's tomb and Ming Yingzong's tomb be blocked.
In that year, Emperor Mingyingzong was captured at Tumu Fort, and Empress Qian exhausted her resources in order to welcome Emperor Ming's return to the dynasty. She wept all day long, praying to the gods to bless Ming Yingzong with a safe return, and she cried blind in one eye. After the return of Ming Yingzong, she and her husband were placed under house arrest in the Nangong for seven years, relying on each other for their lives, which can be described as a husband and wife who are dependent on each other in life and death, but after death, they are blocked and can hardly be buried together. As Empress Dowager Qian and Ming Yingzong were still so difficult to bury together, It was even more impossible for Liu Jingfei to be buried with Emperor Yingzong. However, the emperor's will could not be ignored, and although Liu Jingfei could not be buried with Ming Yingzong, she was not buried with seventeen other concubines in the Haidian Jinshan Cemetery, but buried her in Taoshan, thirty miles away from the tianshou mountain royal mausoleum. In a sense, it can also be regarded as an account of the last words of the former emperor by the Ming Qunchen. For Liu Jingfei, being alone in a place, away from the right and wrong of Zhou Guifei and Empress Qian, her soul was also peaceful.
The Mianshan Mountain recorded in the "Wanli Wild Harvest" is now called Mianshan Mountain. Mianshan Mountain is in the north of Mianshan Village, Cuicun Town, the mountain runs east-west, and it is a hill in front of Yanshan Mountain, stretching for Nine Miles, so it is also known as "Nine Mile Mountain". The tomb of Liu Niang recorded in Kangxi's Chronicle of Changping Prefecture is five miles away from Mianshan Village, and Liu Niang's tomb is five miles east of Mianshan Village. Taoshan, the burial place of Concubine Gonghui of Zhenshun Yi, recorded in the "Old Wen kao of the SunXia", refers to the mountains in front of the Yanshan Mountains in Xingshou Town and Cuicun Town in Changping District, and also includes the Mianshan Mountains of Mianshan Village. The Hilly Mountains of Yanshan to the north of Xingshou Town and Cuicun Town were collectively known as "Peach Valley Mountain or Peach Mountain" during the Tang Dynasty. The Old Book of Tang, volume 39, records that "Yanzhou, in the 25th year of the kaiyuan dynasty, moved the seat of governance to Taogu Mountain north of Youzhou City..." The newly moved administrative office of Yanzhou is in the ancient city of Yanzhou in the village of Xixincheng in Xingshou Town, and there are still place names such as Taoyukou and Taolin in Xingshou Town.
The origin of the name of Zhenshun Village, the local villagers legend is that among the graves guarding Liu Niang's grave, one person's name is Zhang Zhenjing, and the other is named Zheng Shunjing, taking a word from each of the two names, collectively known as "Zhenshun" as the name of the village. In fact, this explanation is just folklore. During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, the Zhengtong Temple in Xiaoyuan Village, Dongguanwai, Changping City, was on the verge of collapse due to its disrepair, and the eunuchs who guarded the Ming Tombs donated funds to rebuild the Zhengtong Temple, and among these donated eunuchs was Lu Liang, a eunuch who managed the "Tomb of Concubine Zhenshun Yigong Hui" in Zhenshun Village. In the sixth year of Daoguang, the name of "Zhenshun Village" also has the name "Zhenshun Village" in the stele of the "Monument to the Construction of the Sacred Grace Zen Temple" in Xiangtang Village, Changping Cui Village. It can be seen that "Zhenshun Village" was also called "Zhenshun Village" in the Qing Dynasty. The word "Zhenshun" is taken from the first two characters in Liu Huifei's nickname "Zhenshun Yigong", and the village name of Zhenshun Village is named after Liu Huifei's nickname. "Zhenshun" was replaced by "Zhenshun", which may be caused by the difference in pronunciation in the oral expression of later generations. The name of Zhenshun Village changed in modern times may also mean people's good wishes for the historic Zhenshun Village.
(Original title: Why was Daming's favorite concubine buried alone at the foot of Yanshan Mountain? ）
Source: Beijing Evening News Author: Gao Jianjun
Process Edit: u005
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