<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > the story</h1>
Jinshi is a kind of folk literature approved by the State Council in 2014 to be included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Xie Jin (1369-1415), the Xie family of Dongmen, Jishui County, was a scholar of Ming Hongwu for twenty-one years, an official to Hanlin Scholar, and a famous Ming Dynasty scholar. Xie Jin is not only knowledgeable and talented, but also upright, upright, and not afraid of the powerful, and has repeatedly neglected and criticized the maladministration. The Yongle Canon, which he presided over and compiled, is the largest encyclopedia in ancient China and a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="52" > yi huang he bar dance</h1>
The hebar dance is spread in the Hedong area of Yihuang County, Jiangxi Province. It is a traditional folk dance developed by the people of mountainous areas for generations to cut firewood on the mountain and use grass bars and wood knives to sing and dance at the beat. The characteristics of "He bar dance" are life and labor. With the wood knife and the bar as the musical instrument, the number of people can be more or less, the range of action is not large, the footsteps are natural, and more square steps. Its line cavity is relatively free, word by word, the rhythm is smooth, brisk, dexterous, with the various parts of the wood knife to knock the bar, playing dance and song ideas and beats. The most commonly used are "5/8", "4/8" beats, the lyrics are irregular, the singers are more touched by the scene, borrowing things to express their intentions, so that the whole dance fully reflects the traditional folk customs and customs, showing a lively local style. The biggest influence of "He bar dance" is a kind of "He Bar Dance" with the mountain song "Zhuo Wang Mountain" as the main tone.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="53" > Yongxiu Ya ya play</h1>
Yongxiu Yaya Opera, a local traditional drama in Yongxiu County, Jiangxi Province, is one of the national intangible cultural heritages. Yongxiu Yaya opera originated from Wucheng Town, one of the four famous towns in Jiangxi Province, born from the bench play in ganbei in the late Ming Dynasty, because its female characters are all played by boys and girls, with two yaya hairs tied on their heads, gradually becoming a faction of their own, known as Yongxiu "Yaya Opera". Its artistic characteristics are simple percussion accompaniment forms; the singing voice follows the characteristics of traditional folk opera, and the repertoire is mostly adapted from traditional repertoire; the language has the characteristics of the typical Gan dialect, and most of them are colloquial vernacular.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="54" > East River Play</h1>
Donghe Opera, a traditional drama in the Donghe region of Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, is one of the national intangible cultural heritages. Because it was formed in the Gongshui River Basin in the east of Ganzhou, it is called the East River Drama. The chaotic bullet cavity in the East River drama first positioned its audience as the lower class people, which is very local. On the basis of high cavity, Donghe opera has gradually integrated Kunqu opera, Yihuang tune, Gui opera, Anqing opera, Yiban, north-south tone, Yangge tune, etc., and developed into a local opera genre with a relatively complete high, Kun and playing three loud cavities.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="55" > Hakka ancient Chinese</h1>
Hakka ancient Chinese, named after rapping ancient Chinese stories, is a unique folk song art that is widely popular and influential in the Gannan region of Jiangxi. Hakka ancient text is a kind of rap art, "one person and one play", mainly in dialect, flexible and convenient performance, light and simple props, beautiful and gentle singing, the basic tune structure is mostly four sentences, and the music singing cavity has a strong local Hakka color. The content of singing is mainly some ancient legends, myths and historical stories circulating in the folk, most of which are completed by a blind artist alone, the accompaniment instruments are mainly hook tubes, and some artists have several functions, skillfully combining a variety of instruments and making full use of their limbs to play them.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="56" > Yongxin sachet</h1>
Yongxin small drum, formerly known as "singing trumpet sound", also known as "Yongxin trumpet sound", is a blind artist to make a living, the early only popular in Yongxin County, later popular in Ji'an County. According to research, it originated around the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Yongxin small drum sits and sings alone, there are raps and singing, mainly singing. Its singing cavity has two kinds of flat cavity and high cavity, the flat cavity is peaceful and deep, good at expressing witty and ironic themes; the high cavity is enthusiastic and powerful, the vocal range is more active than the flat cavity, the ups and downs are colorful, long or short, can be rigid and soft. The language of the repertoire is simple, the lyrics are concise, there is a drag at the end of each paragraph, and it is fully applicable to the local people's lingua franca, idiomatic language, proverbs, and rhymes with local sounds, which are popular with the masses.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="57" > Jinggangshan Quantang Lion Lantern</h1>
Jinggangshan Quantang Lion Lantern, spread in Jinggangshan City, Jiangxi Province, traditional sports, amusement and acrobatics, one of the national intangible cultural heritage. Jinggangshan Quantang Lion Lantern, commonly known as "Quantang Lion", spread to Dongshangxiang Hujiaoping Natural Village, both bare-handed martial arts routines, but also a variety of strange martial arts equipment, by the dragon lantern, lion dance, boxing, stick, equipment, training and shield dance and other seven major projects, accompanied by gongs, drums, chanting and other musical instruments, by 16 people to complete the performance.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="58" > Jizhou kiln ceramic firing technique</h1>
Jizhou kiln ceramic firing technology is a local traditional handicraft in Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, and is one of the national intangible cultural heritages. Jizhou kiln began to be burned at the end of the Tang Dynasty, developed in the Five Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty, prevailed in the Southern Song Dynasty, and gradually declined at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Jizhou kiln ceramic firing technology mainly includes porcelain making technology and firing process. Jizhou kiln ceramic products are fired in these two major process segments of the turbine, porcelain clay selection, mud rotting mud, drawing blank molding, kiln type, kiln tool firing column and other processes.
Jizhou kiln is a folk kiln mainly for the production of daily ceramics, with large output and low cost. It uses local materials and soon formed its own porcelain-making process, casting the personality characteristics of Jizhou kiln ceramics "coarse tire quality, high sand content", "like pottery non-pottery", "heavy glaze is not heavy tire". The main utensils of firing are cups, bowls, pots, cups, saucers, plates, bowls, pots, bottles, pots, pots, toys, etc.; the glaze colors are blue glaze, blue and white porcelain, milky white glaze, brown glaze, black glaze, painted paint, green glaze, imitation dragon spring, blue and white, etc.; the tire quality is plain white, pink white, yellow and white, red, green ash and other colors, and its yellow and white tires are yellowed in white, with high sand content, and "like pottery non-pottery" is the most typical.
The decorative process of Jizhou kiln ceramics includes printing, de-flowering, engraving, paper-cutting appliqué, dot color, sprinkling glaze, kneading, etc., with exquisite and vivid ornamentation, exquisite decorative skills, regional style and folk art characteristics. It successfully uses the folk paper-cutting process to decorate porcelain, forming a rustic, bright and rich decorative style of life, and making full use of kiln transformation technology, developing and firing a unique underglaze white painting and colorful, brilliant black glazed wood leaf pattern, tabby pattern, hawksbill spot, partridge spot, paper-cut appliqué and other black glazed kiln porcelain.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="63" > ancient opera stage construction techniques</h1>
The ancient opera stage construction technique is an important traditional skill in Leping folk vernacular architecture. In the traditional techniques of ancient opera stage construction, it is mainly composed of sawmillers, large carpenters, small carpenters, carvers (mainly wood carvings, but also brick carvings and stone carvings), masons, painters, painters, etc., each doing their best to complete the production of a stage. The stage adopts the classical archway style to be carved, gold and colored, and the mixed structure of the wear bucket and the beam is supplemented by hugging and wearing the purlin, etc., making the stage "complex in architecture and luxurious decoration". The stage is composed of three parts: the lower wide platform foundation, the middle wall pillar structure and the upper towering roof, forming the façade image of the hall of the temple; the main components and components of the stage are oil beams, lion fangs, figure eight fangs, moon fangs, bucket arches, finches, lion braces, hanging columns, hanging bowls, hanging baskets, screens and lattice window ledges. In the process of the construction of the ancient opera stage, its sculpture is the most critical and has its unique characteristics: first, the sculpture is complete, relief, flat carving, yin carving and skeleton carving are available, very few secondary polishing, clear and powerful knife marks, and the texture is intimate; the second is to highlight the reliefs, especially the oil beam and lion fang reliefs up to 2-3 inches deep, so that the public can look up and look up, the three-dimensional sense is strong, lifelike; the third is that the sculpture is rich in content, mainly based on the characters of the play, supplemented by flowers and birds.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="64" > the traditional house construction techniques of Luling</h1>
Located in the central part of Jiangxi Province, the Jitai Basin in the middle reaches of the Ganjiang River is the birthplace and central area of the Luling cultural circle. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, Luling has developed economically and culturally prosperous, and by the Song Dynasty, it has become a well-known "Jiangnan Wang County" throughout the country. The development of economy and culture promoted the prosperity of architecture, and the Bailuzhou Academy, which was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty, became a representative of the cultural and educational architecture at that time, and was famous in Jiangnan. During the Ming Dynasty, Luling gradually became one of the most culturally developed areas in the country. The famous eunuchs and sages from Luling, after becoming famous, have benefited their hometowns and invested in the construction of schools, temples, ancestral halls, and mansions, which have had a positive impact on the construction of their hometowns. Luling still has hundreds of traditional ancient villages, preserving a large number of exquisite ancient buildings such as Sima Di, XiangguoFu, DafuDi, Ancestral Hall, Academy, etc., as well as flagpole stones, Gongde Arch and other architectural sketches.
As an important branch of traditional Chinese wooden architecture construction technology, Luling (Ganzhong) traditional building construction technology embodies the common characteristics of traditional Chinese architecture in layout, structure, structure and decoration, but combined with the geographical environment and regional culture, it has formed its own unique practices, such as patio courtyard-style architectural layout, Quechao Palace-style roof, horse head wall with clear water bricks, wooden frame decorated with gilded wood carving, and so on. Compared with the northern houses and Jiangsu and Zhejiang houses, it has strong regional characteristics, and also shows the contributions made by Luling craftsmen to meet the needs of local life in improving the shape of buildings, lighting and ventilation, and building decoration. The shape and structure of luling traditional buildings, component processing technology and decoration technology have maintained the traditional local practices, and these traditional construction techniques are still widely used in the repair of ancient buildings, the transformation of ancient villages, and the construction of traditional houses. This fully shows that the traditional construction technology of Luling has a long history, is in the same vein, and has tenacious vitality, which is a concrete embodiment of the continuous development of traditional Chinese construction technology. Luling is also one of the birthplaces of the situation sect theory in Chinese feng shui, the planning and site selection and construction of clan settlements have been greatly influenced by feng shui theory, such as the site selection and orientation of houses should be carefully examined in accordance with the traditional steps of finding dragons, sand inspection, water viewing, and point caves; each link in the construction of the house, such as laying the foundation, choosing a day to start, starting the beam, completing the construction, housewarming, etc., will also be treated prudently by the owner and craftsman, usually holding various ceremonies, and thus forming a set of house construction process processes and customs. The construction of traditional buildings in Luling is a typical embodiment of luling regional culture.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="68" > rice farming customs</h1>
Wannian is the birthplace of the world's rice culture, the hometown of China's gongmi, the territory of the Xianren Cave, the hanging bucket ring site archaeological discoveries from 12,000 to 14,000 years ago cultivated rice silica, the history of the world's cultivation of rice pushed forward more than 5,000 years. In more than 10,000 years of farming practice, the county has gradually formed a rice culture system with unique local characteristics covering songs, festivals, customs, farming techniques and other aspects, and has successively become a "globally important agricultural cultural heritage" protection project and the first batch of important agricultural cultural heritage in the country.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="69" > plaque custom (Gannan Hakka plaque custom).</h1>
The Hakka plaque custom in Gannan gradually developed with the migration of the northern scholars to Gannan province, forming a Hakka traditional custom of commending the advanced and setting an example to educate the township and state through activities such as sending plaques and hanging plaques. The plaque custom has been inherited and developed in Gannan especially Huichang, and has played a subtle role in educating the townships, and since the Song and Yuan dynasties, the Hakka plaque custom in Gannan has been flourishing for a long time. We have whisked away the dust of history, and the Hakka ancestors revered culture and religion, the Hakka cultural characteristics of the Dunzong Mu clan, and their words and deeds have been passed down from generation to generation in the plaque customs.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="70" > the art of gongs and drums (flower cymbals).</h1>
Fengcheng Huachao (Cymbidium) gongs and drums sprouted in Longguang Academy, Rongtang Town, Fengcheng during the Southern Song Dynasty, with a history of more than 800 years. This form of small folk instrumental ensemble with equal emphasis on percussion such as gongs, gongs and cymbals (cymbals), commonly known as "blowing", was formed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, popular in the early Republic of China, and popularized in the 1980s, which is a kind of local folk custom instrumental art that the local people like to hear and has been passed down for a long time.
Fengcheng Flower Gong and Drum, also known as "Flower Grass Gong And Drum", is generally played by 7 people with 10 instruments. The reason for the title "Flower Noodles" or "Flowers and Grasses" is due to the wonderful and diverse performance of the two pairs of flowers, whose rhythmic changes are colorful and vivid; the melodic variations of the main instrument, Oh Na, are varied and have fancy meanings. Fengcheng Huachao Gong and Drum traditional song cards are rich, as many as more than 100. This genre has various outstanding artistic characteristics such as the standardization of musical instrument combinations, the traditionalization of the music card system, the stylization of performance forms, the diversification of rhythm forms, and the distinctive characteristics of styles, and has rich artistic expression, appeal and profound musical artistic connotations.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="74" > Taoist music (Dragon Tiger Mountain Zhengyi Shi Taoist music).</h1>
Zheng Yiyi has a long history of shidao music, which is not only a part of traditional Chinese music culture, but also has its special content of independent existence and development as a religious form. As an indispensable part of the Tianshi Dao music, Jin Gehong said in the "Baopuzi Daoyi Chapter": "Bumping into the golden varsity, praising enthusiastically, worshiping the head of the bow, keeping a clean and empty seat, and begging for blessings." It expresses a kind of religious idea that is connected by heaven and man and god.
For more than a thousand years, Tianshidao music has developed on the basis of the integration of folk music and southern drama music, it has widely absorbed the court music since the Tang and Song dynasties, and its regional characteristics are mainly the "Yiyang Cavity" of Jiangxi Gan opera, while the original "Shangqing Cavity" of Taoism is the main tone. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zhang Tianshi was "in charge of the Three Mountains Fu Zhen" and "in charge of the Taoist affairs of the world", so the music of Tianshi Dao greatly influenced the major Daoist schools in Jiangnan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="78" > Lion Dance (Lichuan Dance White Lion Dance).</h1>
White lion dance is a kind of folk lantern in Xiaqiao Village, Rifeng Town, Lichuan County, which is said to have been passed down from the Yuan Dynasty to the present, because Xiaqiao Village is located in the northwest of the county seat, so it is also called "Western White Lion". In the past, Lichuan was popular with four kinds of white lions, yellow lions, black lions and red lions, with the white lion as the king. The white lion is exquisitely crafted, the shape is majestic and burly, the movements are graceful, the rigidity and softness are harmonious, accompanied by the changeable percussion, dancing up and down, and there is a great potential to swallow mountains and rivers. Lichuan has the custom of setting off firecrackers and dancing white lions in celebrations. According to the 87-year-old artist, the white lion dance has been popular in Lichuan as early as the late Qing Dynasty, and the lion worship dance on the first day of the New Year has the role of "Wang House". The White Lion Dance is convened and hosted by dragon ball palmers, and the lion team generally consists of 20 people. Males and females appear in pairs. Under the guidance of the Dragon Ball palmer, the two lions swung to watch, juxtaposed, descended from east to west, and retreated forward and backward into four formations. The male and female lions chase the Dragon Ball and imitate the lion's actions of seeing, standing, fixing, running, jumping, tickling, and shaking hair. The white lion dance starts from the fun of playing with the lion, requiring one male and one male white lion, one dragon ball, accompanying the percussion band, and the basic actions are 11 kinds of foot ball, double lion Chengrui and so on. Music has "over-segments" that attract audiences, soothing "flowing water", and agitated "hot heads". After the "hot head" music, the drummer gradually accelerated the rhythm according to the mood of the performers, pushing it to a climax. Finally, it ends with a murderous lion-killing performance by the masked man. In the past, the Lion Dance in Lichuan often had a weapon fight, which belonged to the category of martial lions, and the white lion was honored as the queen, and the martial arts movements evolved into dances, becoming a symbol of honor and auspiciousness. The lion dancer wears a white towel over his head, a Chinese-style yellow coat with a wide-brimmed placket, and under his bloomer pants. The wire is made of balls, covered with red silk, with a horizontal shaft in the center, and the ball is suspended in the air with a horseshoe-shaped wooden handle, and the ball keeps turning with a slight tremor. Lion lanterns are installed on the lion's head and tail and the center of the ball, and the dance is full of light.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="79" > wood carving (Donggu traditional statue).</h1>
Wood carving (Donggu traditional statue), local traditional art in Qingyuan District, Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, one of the national intangible cultural heritage. According to records, the traditional statues of Donggu began in the Ming Dynasty, and were good at character building; they served the three sects of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, of which Taoism was the mainstay. Spread in Donggu Town, Qingyuan County, Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, it is a traditional art that contains unique carvings, painting techniques and divine opening ceremonies.
Donggu statues are rich in themes, mainly Buddhist statues, explaining teachings, promoting Buddhism, enlightening sentient beings, praying for blessings; the themes of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, as well as more and more local and secular characteristics, depict life scenes and myths and legends. The carving technology of the gods requires Mr. Danqing to have exquisite wood carving skills, and even developed to the realm of artistic creation.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="83" > tin carving (lotus soldering).</h1>
More than 2,000 years ago, lotus flowers had tin products. During the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the emperor ordered that tin coins be created by tin smiths in street villages. At present, more than 50 tin smiths are still active in villages such as Miaobei street. Lotus soldering tools are simple and exquisite in craftsmanship. Pewter with different shapes, only relying on simple tools such as scissors, concrete, hammers, measuring scales, etc., through the processes of dissolving, painting, cutting, beating, filing, welding, etc., it is generously presented, which is all in the hands, so there is a saying of "three points, seven points grinding". The delicate and symmetrical tin flowers of lotus pewter, the beautiful shape of the arc, and the exquisitely carved decorations can be called a must-do folk handicraft.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="84" > folk embroidery (xiabu embroidery).</h1>
Folk embroidery (Xia Bu embroidery), a traditional art conceived in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, is a representative embroidery species in Jiangxi and one of the national intangible cultural heritage. Jiangxi people also call Xiabu embroidery Gan embroidery and hemp embroidery, which is rooted in hemp embroidery. At the beginning of human civilization, ancestors began to embroider patterns on clothing. Xiabu embroidery may have originated during the Northern Song Dynasty. Traditional xiabu embroidery belongs to the category of practical embroidery, and its stitching method is simple, including flat embroidery, cross stitching, yarn embroidery and lock embroidery.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="85" > Hakka house construction technology (Gannan Hakka walled house construction technology).</h1>
Hakka house construction skills (Gannan Hakka walled house construction technology), mainly distributed in Longnan, Dingnan, Quannan, Xinfeng, Anyuan, Xunwu and other places Gannan Hakka walled house traditional skills, has been included in the national intangible cultural heritage list.
Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, the small chaos in Gannan has been continuous, and the sinister living environment has promoted the emergence and development of the enclosure. Gannan Hakka walled houses originated in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. From the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, a large number of Fujian and Cantonese Hakka families moved back into Gan and built enclosures. Enclosures appeared in large numbers in Gannan and formed in scale and characteristic in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. The Hakka people were influenced by the concept of the ancestral warriors' door valves, coupled with their own bumpy history, they formed a tradition of speaking about clans and emphasizing the family, and at the same time, in order to protect the family and prevent the attacks and retaliation of the enemy, the Hakka built a residence with perfect defense functions, such as a walled house. There are two main types of Hakka enclosures in Gannan Province, one is a special adobe structure: lime is mixed in the soil, glutinous rice and egg white are used as a viscous agent, bamboo chips and wooden strips are used as tendons and bones, and the rammed earthen building with a wall thickness of 1 to 2 meters and a height of more than 15 meters is built. The second is the granite strip stone structure, which resembles a Castle in Europe and is durable.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="92" > green tea making techniques (Gannan Hakka tea making technology, Wuyuan green tea making technology).</h1>
Gannan Hakka tea originated in the Han and Wei dynasties, and was derived from "porridge tea" and "salt tea" in the Tang and Song dynasties. The basic materials of Gannan Hakka tea making techniques are fried peanut rice, fried sesame seeds, dried tea leaves, appropriate amount of salt, glutinous rice, etc.; the production tools are three treasures: bowl, stick, scoop, through rotation and grinding into a paste. When drinking, pour hot boiling water into a bowl and stir, known as "a boiled tea 100".
Wuyuan green tea is referred to as "Wulu", Tang Zai tea classic, Song called the best product, Ming and Qing tribute, the origin is in Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province. Wuyuan green tea is made of one bud and two leaves picked after the Qingming Dynasty as raw materials, and refined by killing green, kneading and twisting, sectioning drying, sieve stems, wind selection, blending and other processes. Wuyuan green tea has a tight and round appearance, rich aroma, mellow taste, with the characteristics of "leaf green, soup clear, fragrant and mellow", and is one of the traditional Chinese famous teas.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="96" > Chinese medicine processing technique (camphor tree Chinese medicine processing technique).</h1>
The processing technique of camphor Chinese medicinal materials is mainly based on the "Seventeen Methods of Lei's Cannon Burning" summarized in Ming Miao Xiyong's "Cannon Burning Dafa" and Chen Jiamo's "Materia Medica Mengzhi" "Three Principles and Nine Methods" and other medical theories and ancient methods, and combines the characteristics of drugs and clinical practice, constantly enriching and innovating, and creating their own characteristics. In the specific process of cannon burning, camphor trees have unique traditional practices in various aspects of medicinal material identification and purification, cutting, gunning and storage.
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